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The Role of the Mitochondria in Human Health and Diseases

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 1442

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
3. Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona IBUB, Barcelona, Spain
Interests: metabolic diseases; mitochondria; membrane contact sites; transport of lipids and phospholipids

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The tight regulation of core cellular metabolic pathways is essential for tissue homeostasis and stress resistance. In this regard, the mitochondria are gatekeepers of metabolic homeostasis by integrating the lipid, carbohydrate, and amino acid metabolism with energy production. Besides controlling respiration and ATP synthesis, the mitochondria are central regulators of many other cellular functions, such as calcium homeostasis, autophagy, apoptosis, phospholipid synthesis, and senescence. They also function as hubs integrating responses to cellular stress. However, the exact mechanisms behind these changes and whether they represent a compensation or a dysfunction are still unclear. Studies performed in human and animal models have demonstrated a connection between deficient mitochondrial activity in different tissues and the development of metabolic diseases. Although the implication of the mitochondria in these diseases is clear, much less is known about the molecular mechanisms and specific mitochondrial alterations responsible for their development and the crosstalk between these alterations and other metabolic pathways. Therefore, advances in this knowledge could facilitate the design and development of novel therapeutic tools for the prevention or treatment of these disorders.

In this Special Issue, we invite investigators to contribute original research and review articles addressing the role of the metabolism and the mitochondria (alongside mitochondria–organelle crosstalk) in different tissues during metabolic disease development. We encourage submissions that elucidate novel molecular mechanisms related to the mitochondria (mitochondrial function, dynamics, and contact sites), mitochondrial-derived metabolites, and metabolic regulation in mammalian cells, mouse models, or humans, and their potential role in the pathogenesis and/or diagnosis of the aforementioned diseases.

Dr. María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mitochondria
  • mitochondria contact sites
  • metabolism
  • lipids
  • metabolites

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 4207 KiB  
Review
Regulation of Mitochondrial and Peroxisomal Metabolism in Female Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
by Damián A. Antelo-Cea, Laura Martínez-Rojas, Izan Cabrerizo-Ibáñez, Ayda Roudi Rashtabady and María Isabel Hernández-Alvarez
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 11237; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252011237 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1282
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal [...] Read more.
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are widespread metabolic disorders that significantly impact global health today, affecting approximately 17% of adults worldwide with obesity and 9.3% with T2D. Both conditions are closely linked to disruptions in lipid metabolism, where peroxisomes play a pivotal role. Mitochondria and peroxisomes are vital organelles responsible for lipid and energy regulation, including the β-oxidation and oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), cholesterol biosynthesis, and bile acid metabolism. These processes are significantly influenced by estrogens, highlighting the interplay between these organelles’ function and hormonal regulation in the development and progression of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and T2D. Estrogens modulate lipid metabolism through interactions with nuclear receptors, like peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are crucial for maintaining metabolic balance. Estrogen deficiency, such as in postmenopausal women, impairs PPAR regulation, leading to lipid accumulation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. The disruption of peroxisomal–mitochondrial function and estrogen regulation exacerbates lipid imbalances, contributing to insulin resistance and ROS accumulation. This review emphasizes the critical role of these organelles and estrogens in lipid metabolism and their implications for metabolic health, suggesting that therapeutic strategies, including hormone replacement therapy, may offer potential benefits in treating and preventing metabolic diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of the Mitochondria in Human Health and Diseases)
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