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Innate and Adaptive Immunity in COVID-19

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 3112

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Rome, Italy
2. Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy
Interests: tumor immunology; pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases (infections and autoimmunity)
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Guest Editor

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
2. Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
3. The Transplantation Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Interests: the immunology and cell biology of transplantation; cancer and related fields
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue, we will consider the latest research on innate and adaptive immunology of SARS-CoV-2 and the associated disease COVID-19, in order to deeply understand the difference between protective immunity and immunopathology in patients with severe, moderated, mild, or asymptomatic COVID-19, as well as in recovered or vaccinated individuals. In this context, this Special Issue will enclose reports discussing human genetic susceptibility to infection, the role of innate immunity as the first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2, the kinetics of effector or memory B and T cell responses   in providing durable immunity against new emerging variants, the interactions between innate and adaptive immunity addressed to limit viral entry and spread, and the dysfunctions of innate and/or adaptive immunity in contributing to COVID19 severity.

The scope of this Special Issue is, therefore, to provide insight into (i) the different facets of immunopathology supporting the phenomena associated with severe COVID-19, such as lymphopenia, impaired response to interferon, and “cytokine storm”; (ii) the immunoregulatory mechanisms addressed at controlling excessive inflammatory responses without excessively limiting the antiviral immune responses; and (iii) the differences in innate and adaptive immune responses between infected patients and vaccinated individuals, deciphering both immunopathology and protection signatures. This research will provide useful information to set up new therapeutic strategies and to develop new vaccines that prevent viral immune escape and the selection of new variants.

Prof. Dr. Vincenzo Barnaba
Prof. Dr. Manlio Ferrarini
Prof. Dr. Jeffrey L. Platt
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • COVID-19
  • immunity
  • immune escape
  • immunopathology
  • immunoregulatory mechanisms
  • immunotherapy

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

14 pages, 904 KiB  
Review
The Prognostic Value of Pentraxin-3 in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Mortality Incidence
by Anna Paola Capra, Alessio Ardizzone, Giuseppe Pantò, Irene Paterniti, Michela Campolo, Lelio Crupi, Raffaele Squeri and Emanuela Esposito
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3537; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043537 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2211
Abstract
Over the last three years, humanity has been facing one of the most serious health emergencies due to the global spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this scenario, the research of reliable biomarkers of mortality from COVID-19 represents a primary objective. Pentraxin 3 [...] Read more.
Over the last three years, humanity has been facing one of the most serious health emergencies due to the global spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this scenario, the research of reliable biomarkers of mortality from COVID-19 represents a primary objective. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, seems to be associated with a worse outcome of the disease. Based on the above, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic potential of PTX3 in COVID-19 disease. We included 12 clinical studies evaluating PTX3 in COVID-19 patients. From our research, we found increased PTX3 levels compared to healthy subjects, and notably, PTX3 was even more augmented in severe COVID-19 rather than non-severe cases. Moreover, we performed a meta-analysis to establish if there were differences between ICU and non-ICU COVID-19 patients in PTX3-related death. We combined 5 studies for a total of 543 ICU vs. 515 non-ICU patients. We found high significative PTX3-related death in ICU COVID-19 hospitalized individuals (184 out of 543) compared to non-ICU (37 out of 515), with an overall effect OR: 11.30 [2.00, 63.73]; p = 0.006. In conclusion, we probed PTX3 as a reliable marker of poor outcomes after COVID-19 infection as well as a predictor of hospitalized patients’ stratification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innate and Adaptive Immunity in COVID-19)
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