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Bioactive Materials with Antimicrobial Properties: 2nd Edition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 1827

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR), STEMS, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy
Interests: polymer composites and nanocomposites; biopolymers; coatings; structure–property relationship; food packaging; biomedical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
National Research Council (CNR), IPCB, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
Interests: polymer synthesis; stimuli-responsive polymers; biocomposites; biomaterials; wound healing; bone regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a continuation of our previous Special Issue “Bioactive Materials with Antimicrobial Properties”.

Antimicrobial property is an integral requirement for a wide range of applications, including wound dressing, food packaging, and textiles (such as medical, aerospace textiles, and textiles used in filtration). It is well known, in fact, that bacteria and other microorganisms are considered to be the main causative factors of many diseases, such as bone and joint infections and endodontic and skin diseases. Foodborne pathogens are considered one of the major causes of hospitalizations, illnesses, and deaths each year.

Prompted by the emergence of antibiotic- and antifungal-resistant microbes, there is an urgent request for new antimicrobial agents. A wide range of organic and inorganic antimicrobial agents have already been investigated and immobilized on host materials, including metals, plastics, and natural and human-made fabrics, with the objective to obtain effective, durable, and diverse antimicrobial properties (including fungi, algae, and bacteria). The antimicrobial agents can differ in their chemical structure, effectiveness, cost, and their influence on people and the environment.

This Special Issue seeks to collect contributions on bioactive materials possessing antimicrobial properties. The works can concern the synthesis of novel antimicrobial agents, their incorporation/immobilization in a host material, the preparation or synthesis of bioactive materials incorporating antimicrobial components, novel bulky material with antimicrobial properties, etc. There are no limits in terms of application (i.e., biomedical, food packaging, or aerospace, among others) nature (organic or inorganic), origin and dimension of the antimicrobial agent, material composition, type of host material (metal, plastic, or textile), or antimicrobial property (against bacteria, fungi, algae, etc.). Both original contributions and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Donatella Duraccio
Dr. Giovanna Gomez D’Ayala
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bioactivity
  • biomedical application
  • smart packaging
  • aerospace
  • textile
  • antimicrobic activity
  • antifungal activity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 8983 KiB  
Article
Ultra-Pressurized Deposition of Hydrophobic Chitosan Surface Coating on Wood for Fungal Resistance
by Suelen P. Facchi, Débora A. de Almeida, Karen K. B. Abrantes, Paula C. dos S. Rodrigues, Dauri J. Tessmann, Elton G. Bonafé, Marcelo F. da Silva, Mazeyar P. Gashti, Alessandro F. Martins and Lúcio Cardozo-Filho
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(20), 10899; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252010899 - 10 Oct 2024
Viewed by 613
Abstract
Fungi (Neolentinus lepideus, Nl, and Trametes versicolor, Tv) impart wood rot, leading to economic and environmental issues. To overcome this issue, toxic chemicals are commonly employed for wood preservation, impacting the environment and human health. Surface coatings based [...] Read more.
Fungi (Neolentinus lepideus, Nl, and Trametes versicolor, Tv) impart wood rot, leading to economic and environmental issues. To overcome this issue, toxic chemicals are commonly employed for wood preservation, impacting the environment and human health. Surface coatings based on antimicrobial chitosan (CS) of high molar mass (145 × 105 Da) were tested as wood preservation agents using an innovative strategy involving ultra-pressurizing CS solutions to deposit organic coatings on wood samples. Before coating deposition, the antifungal activity of CS in diluted acetic acid (AcOOH) solutions was evaluated against the rot fungi models Neolentinus lepideus (Nl) and Trametes versicolor (Tv). CS effectively inhibited fungal growth, particularly in solutions with concentrations equal to or higher than 0.125 mg/mL. Wood samples (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp.) were then coated with CS under ultra-pressurization at 70 bar. The polymeric coating deposition on wood was confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, and water contact angle measurements. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the uncoated and coated samples suggested that CS does not penetrate the bulk of the wood samples due to its high molar mass but penetrates in the surface pores, leading to its impregnation in wood samples. Coated and uncoated wood samples were exposed to fungi (Tv and Nl) for 12 weeks. In vivo testing revealed that Tv and Nl fungi did not grow on wood samples coated with CS, whereas the fungi proliferated on uncoated samples. CS of high molar mass has film-forming properties, leading to a thin hydrophobic film on the wood surface (water contact angle of 118°). This effect is mainly attributed to the high molar mass of CS and the hydrogen bonding interactions established between CS chains and cellulose. This hydrophobic film prevents water interaction, resulting in a stable coating with insignificant leaching of CS after the stability test. The CS coating can offer a sustainable strategy to prevent wood degradation, overcoming the disadvantages of toxic chemicals often used as wood preservative agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials with Antimicrobial Properties: 2nd Edition)
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20 pages, 2806 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Responsive Hydrogel Containing Microfluidic Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Opuntia ficus-indica Extract for Periodontitis Treatment
by Raffaele Conte, Anna Valentino, Ilenia De Luca, Gemilson Soares Pontes, Anna Calarco and Pierfrancesco Cerruti
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(17), 9374; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25179374 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 834
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from the dysbiosis of periodontal bacteria and the host’s immune response, leading to tissue degradation and sustained inflammation. Traditional treatments, such as mechanical debridement and antimicrobial agents, often fail to fully eradicate pathogenic bacteria, especially in [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting from the dysbiosis of periodontal bacteria and the host’s immune response, leading to tissue degradation and sustained inflammation. Traditional treatments, such as mechanical debridement and antimicrobial agents, often fail to fully eradicate pathogenic bacteria, especially in deep periodontal pockets. Consequently, the need for novel therapeutic approaches has increased the interest in bioactive natural extracts, such as that of Opuntia ficus-indica, known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. This study investigates the encapsulation of Opuntia ficus-indica extract in OFI-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (OFI-NPs) via ionotropic gelation using a microfluidic system, allowing precise control over nanoparticle characteristics and enhancing protection against enzymatic degradation. To achieve localized and sustained release in periodontal pockets, a thermo-responsive hydrogel comprising hyaluronic acid and Pluronic F127 (OFI@tgels) was developed. The transition of OFI@tgels from a solution at low temperatures to a solid at body temperature enables prolonged drug release at inflammation sites. The in vitro application of the optimized formulation eradicated biofilms of S. mutans, P. aeruginosa (PAO1), and P. gingivalis over 36 h and disrupted extracellular polymeric substance formation. Additionally, OFI@tgel modulated immune responses by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and promoting a shift to the M2 phenotype. These findings suggest that OFI@tgel is a promising alternative treatment for periodontitis, effectively reducing biofilm formation and modulating the immune response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Materials with Antimicrobial Properties: 2nd Edition)
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