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Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: A New Challenge in Treatment and Management

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 2753

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Intensive Cardiology Care Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, FG, Italy
Interests: hypertension; atherosclerosis; heart congestive failure; dyabetes mellitus; therapy; hypercholesterolemia; coronary artery disease
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alterations in major hormonal patterns frequently impact patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD); examples include disorders of thyroid function in the context of arrhythmology or pituitary and adrenal pathologies in the context of the more resistant forms of hypertension, but—among them all—diabetes plays a preponderant role.

The diabetes is the main risk factor for the development of CVD, but at the same time, CVD is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. The close relationship between diabetes and the heart seems immediately clear.

With the proper control of blood sugar, blood lipids, and blood pressure, the risk of CVD disease will be attenuated, but it cannot be completely suppressed. Therefore, more research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms and interactions between diabetes and CVD, which will help reduce the burden of CVD and diabetes treatment.

An interdisciplinary evaluation allows the choice of the best therapy for patients with diabetes. The knowledge of cardiologic risk allows not only to adopt the most effective medication for diabetes control, but also the most suitable medication to reduce the risk of heart attack and/or decompensation; on the other hand, recognizing the presence and severity of diabetes allows the cardiologist to manage certain cardiovascular pathologies.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to provide useful tools in the field that treat CVD and diabetes for the proper monitoring and treatment of diabetes in patients with cardiovascular pathologies (e.g., chronic ischemic heart disease, heart failure, arterial hypertension, etc.).

Dr. Graziano Riccioni
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • hypertension
  • atherosclerosis
  • congestive heart failure
  • diabetes mellitus
  • therapy
  • hypercholesterolemia
  • coronary artery disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 802 KiB  
Review
Advances in the Insulin–Heart Axis: Current Therapies and Future Directions
by Alfredo Caturano, Erica Vetrano, Raffaele Galiero, Celestino Sardu, Luca Rinaldi, Vincenzo Russo, Marcellino Monda, Raffaele Marfella and Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10173; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810173 - 22 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2465
Abstract
The insulin–heart axis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in insulin-resistant states, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherogenesis, which contribute to heart failure (HF) [...] Read more.
The insulin–heart axis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in insulin-resistant states, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and atherogenesis, which contribute to heart failure (HF) and other CVDs. This review was conducted by systematically searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for peer-reviewed studies published in the past decade, focusing on therapeutic interventions targeting the insulin–heart axis. Studies were selected based on their relevance to insulin resistance, cardiovascular outcomes, and the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments. Key findings from the review highlight the efficacy of lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and physical activity, which remain the cornerstone of managing insulin resistance and improving cardiovascular outcomes. Moreover, pharmacologic interventions, such as metformin, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, have shown efficacy in reducing cardiovascular risk by addressing metabolic dysfunction, reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. Furthermore, emerging treatments, such as angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors, and mechanical interventions like ventricular assist devices offer new avenues for managing HF in insulin-resistant patients. The potential of these therapies to improve left ventricular ejection fraction and reverse pathological cardiac remodeling highlights the importance of early intervention. However, challenges remain in optimizing treatment regimens and understanding the long-term cardiovascular effects of these agents. Future research should focus on personalized approaches that integrate lifestyle and pharmacologic therapies to effectively target the insulin–heart axis and mitigate the burden of cardiovascular complications in insulin-resistant populations. Full article
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