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Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer or Stem Cells
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Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer or Stem Cells

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 11120

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ssang-Goo Cho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: transplantation; signaling pathways in stem, cancer, and cancer stem cells; molecular mechanism of cellular reprogramming; apoptosis and autophagy; cancer stem cells; induced pluripotent stem cells; pancreatic beta-cell differentiation; pancreatic cancer cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ahmed Abdal Dayem

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Stem Cell & Regenerative Biotechnology, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
Interests: mesenchymal stem cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are unique nanosized vesicles that are implicated in crucial cellular activities, such as cell–cell communication, transportation of key molecules between cells, and maintenance of homeostasis. EVs have recently been considered as robust mediators of intercellular communication in pathophysiology. The crosslink between EVs and cancer emergence and progression has recently garnered attention as a point of scientific interest. Recent studies have recognized the potent role of stem cell-derived EVs (SC-EVs) in directing cell fate, either to normal or cancer. Moreover, there is growing support for the therapeutic activity of SC-EVs against cancer and other human diseases. The engineering of SC-EVs for drug delivery is a subject of paramount interest. The focus of our Special Issue is in the determination of the role and mechanisms of SC-EVs in cancer and other human diseases therapy and the cancer cell-derived EVs in cancer emergence and progression.

Prof. Dr. Ssang-Goo Cho
Dr. Ahmed Abdal Dayem
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • extracellular vesicles
  • stem cells
  • cancer cells
  • cancer and other human diseses therapy
  • cancer progression
  • drug delivery engineering

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 6311 KiB  
Article
Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Glioma Stem Cells Are Involved in Radiation Resistance and Glioma Progression
by Chenkai Ma, Hong P. T. Nguyen, Jordan J. Jones, Stanley S. Stylli, Clarissa A. Whitehead, Lucy Paradiso, Rodney B. Luwor, Zammam Areeb, Eric Hanssen, Ellie Cho, Ulrich Putz, Andrew H. Kaye and Andrew P. Morokoff
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(5), 2770; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052770 - 2 Mar 2022
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4423
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumour with short survival, partly due to resistance to conventional therapy. Glioma stem cells (GSC) are likely to be involved in treatment resistance, by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing specific molecular cargoes. Here, we studied the EVs [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive brain tumour with short survival, partly due to resistance to conventional therapy. Glioma stem cells (GSC) are likely to be involved in treatment resistance, by releasing extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing specific molecular cargoes. Here, we studied the EVs secreted by glioma stem cells (GSC-EVs) and their effects on radiation resistance and glioma progression. EVs were isolated from 3 GSCs by serial centrifugation. NanoSight measurement, cryo-electron microscopy and live imaging were used to study the EVs size, morphology and uptake, respectively. The non-GSC glioma cell lines LN229 and U118 were utilised as a recipient cell model. Wound healing assays were performed to detect cell migration. Colony formation, cell viability and invadopodium assays were conducted to detect cell survival of irradiated recipient cells and cell invasion post GSC-EV treatment. NanoString miRNA global profiling was used to select for the GSC-EVs’ specific miRNAs. All three GSC cell lines secreted different amounts of EVs, and all expressed consistent levels of CD9 but different level of Alix, TSG101 and CD81. EVs were taken up by both LN229 and U118 recipient cells. In the presence of GSC-EVs, these recipient cells survived radiation exposure and initiated colony formation. After GSC-EVs exposure, LN229 and U118 cells exhibited an invasive phenotype, as indicated by an increase in cell migration. We also identified 25 highly expressed miRNAs in the GSC-EVs examined, and 8 of these miRNAs can target PTEN. It is likely that GSC-EVs and their specific miRNAs induced the phenotypic changes in the recipient cells due to the activation of the PTEN/Akt pathway. This study demonstrated that GSC-EVs have the potential to induce radiation resistance and modulate the tumour microenvironment to promote glioma progression. Future therapeutic studies should be designed to interfere with these GSC-EVs and their specific miRNAs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer or Stem Cells)
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Review

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20 pages, 4483 KiB  
Review
Molecular Insight into the Therapeutic Effects of Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Respiratory Diseases and the Potential for Pulmonary Delivery
by Mohammad H. Azhdari, Nima Goodarzi, Mohammad Doroudian and Ronan MacLoughlin
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(11), 6273; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116273 - 3 Jun 2022
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3811
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the cause of millions of deaths annually around the world. Despite the recent growth of our understanding of underlying mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of lung diseases, most therapeutic approaches are still limited to symptomatic treatments and therapies that only [...] Read more.
Respiratory diseases are the cause of millions of deaths annually around the world. Despite the recent growth of our understanding of underlying mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of lung diseases, most therapeutic approaches are still limited to symptomatic treatments and therapies that only delay disease progression. Several clinical and preclinical studies have suggested stem cell (SC) therapy as a promising approach for treating various lung diseases. However, challenges such as the potential tumorigenicity, the low survival rate of the SCs in the recipient body, and difficulties in cell culturing and storage have limited the applicability of SC therapy. SC-derived extracellular vesicles (SC-EVs), particularly SC-derived exosomes (SC-Exos), exhibit most therapeutic properties of stem cells without their potential drawbacks. Similar to SCs, SC-Exos exhibit immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties with the potential to be employed in the treatment of various inflammatory and chronic respiratory diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated that the microRNA (miRNA) content of SC-Exos may play a crucial role in the therapeutic potential of these exosomes. Several studies have investigated the administration of SC-Exos via the pulmonary route, and techniques for SCs and SC-Exos delivery to the lungs by intratracheal instillation or inhalation have been developed. Here, we review the literature discussing the therapeutic effects of SC-Exos against respiratory diseases and advances in the pulmonary route of delivery of these exosomes to the damaged tissues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer or Stem Cells)
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11 pages, 1336 KiB  
Review
The Importance of Small Extracellular Vesicles in the Cerebral Metastatic Process
by Flaviu Tămaș, Rodica Bălașa, Doina Manu, Gabriel Gyorki, Rareș Chinezu, Corina Tămaș and Adrian Bălașa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(3), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031449 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2245
Abstract
Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important [...] Read more.
Brain metastases represent more than 50% of all cerebral tumors encountered in clinical practice. Recently, there has been increased interest in the study of extracellular vesicles, and the knowledge about exosomes is constantly expanding. Exosomes are drivers for organotropic metastatic spread, playing important roles in the brain metastatic process by increasing the permeability of the blood–brain barrier and preparing the premetastatic niche. The promising results of the latest experimental studies raise the possibility of one day using exosomes for liquid biopsies or as drug carriers, contributing to early diagnosis and improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in patients with brain metastases. In this review, we attempted to summarize the latest knowledge about the role of exosomes in the brain metastatic process and future research directions for the use of exosomes in patients suffering from brain metastatic disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extracellular Vesicles from Cancer or Stem Cells)
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