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Molecular Mechanisms of the Pro-healthy Effects of Exercise

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2021) | Viewed by 2812

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Guest Editor
Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: iron metabolism; ferritin; transferrin receptor; exercise; hepcidine; diseases; iron-dependent oxidative stress
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Dear Colleagues,

The rapid development of civilization has resulted in an increased risk of developing lifestyle diseases in societies. Additionally, most societies of well-developed countries are aging. These and other problems have resulted in a greater appreciation for the role of physical activity regarding health, at practically every stage of an individual’s development. The positive impact of well-chosen physical exercise in the prevention or slowing down of the development of lifestyle diseases is indisputable. However, the need to study the effect of exercise on the body is still high. Increased and improved techniques and research methods, the development of biological sciences, and the detection of new myokines mean that the full picture is far from complete. Moreover, new forms of training are being proposed that allow us to limit the time and maximize the effects of physical work. The body's response to exercise depends on many factors, including (apart from age, gender, etc.) the type of muscle contraction, type of exercise, the individual predispositions of the exerciser, and others. Therefore, selection of the optimal form of physical activity is still a challenge, which can be solved by detailed biochemical and molecular determinations. In particular, we are still far from explaining the impact of physical activity on a cellular level, both molecular and biochemical, as well as its effect on signalling pathways. All of this means that there is a great need for research, where the physiological changes induced by exercise can be explained by the molecular changes in a specific tissue or cell.

Prof. Dr. Jedrzej Antosiewicz
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • exercise metabolomics
  • exercise-induced gene expression
  • exercise triggered cell signalling
  • myokines
  • iron metabolism
  • exercise-induced oxidative stress

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 1173 KiB  
Article
Cumulative Effects of Strontium Ranelate and Impact Exercise on Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Rats
by Priscilla Aveline, Annabelle Cesaro, Marija Mazor, Thomas M. Best, Eric Lespessailles and Hechmi Toumi
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(6), 3040; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22063040 - 16 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2294
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of physical exercise (EXE), strontium ranelate (SR), or their combination on bone status in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DESIGN: Sixty female Wistar rats were randomized to one of five groups: sham (Sh), OVX (O), OVX+EXE (OE), OVX+SR (OSR), and [...] Read more.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of physical exercise (EXE), strontium ranelate (SR), or their combination on bone status in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DESIGN: Sixty female Wistar rats were randomized to one of five groups: sham (Sh), OVX (O), OVX+EXE (OE), OVX+SR (OSR), and OVX+EXE+SR (OESR). Animals in EXE groups were subjected to 10 drops per day (45 cm in height); rats in SR groups received 625 mg/kg/day of SR, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), mechanical strength of the left femur (three-point bending test), and femur microarchitecture of (micro-computed tomography imaging, microCT) analyses were performed to characterize biomechanical and trabecular/cortical structure. Bone remodeling, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content were evaluated by ELISA and immunofluorescence tests. RESULTS: In OVX rats, whole-body BMD, trabecular parameters, and osteocalcin (OCN) levels decreased, while weight, lean/fat mass, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content all increased. EXE after ovariectomy improved BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, cross-sectional area (CSA), moment of inertia, and OCN levels while decreasing osteocyte apoptosis and lipid content. SR treatment increased BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, CSA, stiffness, OCN, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Furthermore, fat mass, N-telopeptide (NTX) level, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content significantly decreased. The combination of both EXE and SR improved bone parameters compared with EXE or SR alone. CONCLUSION: EXE and SR had positive and synergistic effects on bone formation and resorption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms of the Pro-healthy Effects of Exercise)
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