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Molecular Interactions between Microbes and Trees

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Plant Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 8303

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection – National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano, 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
Interests: forest pathology; invasive alien pathogens; conservation; breeding for resistance; genetics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
Interests: plant’s defense mechanisms; induced resistance and priming of defenses; mechanisms of pathogenicity and virulence; biological control of diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last 30 years, great progress has been made in understanding how plants and microbes interact. An intense molecular dialogue occurs between plants and beneficial or pathogenic microbes, and this dialogue is responsible for the final outcome of the interaction. In the case of beneficial interactions, the molecular exchange determines, for instance, the recruitment and assembly of microbes at the root level and the establishment of mutualistic symbioses. In the case of parasitism, the molecular interaction determines the pathogen’s ability to effectively overcome plant defenses and cause disease. The interaction can alter the plant capacity to face subsequent stress factors. Phenomena of induced resistance and defense priming are clear examples.

Most of the current knowledge on the molecular interactions between plant and microbes derives from model systems often involving as plant hosts herbaceous species of agricultural interest.

With this Special Issue, we would like to highlight studies aimed at characterizing, at the molecular level, interactions between pathogenic or beneficial microbes with tree species. Studies involving fungi, bacteria, oomycetes, viruses, or aimed at investigating the microbiome associated with tree species in forest, agricultural, or urban environments are welcome.

Dr. Alberto Santini
Dr. Ivan Baccelli
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 3551 KiB  
Article
Dual RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Resistant (Pinus pinea) and Susceptible (Pinus radiata) Hosts during Fusarium circinatum Challenge
by Cristina Zamora-Ballesteros, Gloria Pinto, Joana Amaral, Luis Valledor, Artur Alves, Julio J. Diez and Jorge Martín-García
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(10), 5231; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22105231 - 15 May 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4288
Abstract
Fusarium circinatum causes one of the most important diseases of conifers worldwide, the pine pitch canker (PPC). However, no effective field intervention measures aiming to control or eradicate PPC are available. Due to the variation in host genetic resistance, the development of resistant [...] Read more.
Fusarium circinatum causes one of the most important diseases of conifers worldwide, the pine pitch canker (PPC). However, no effective field intervention measures aiming to control or eradicate PPC are available. Due to the variation in host genetic resistance, the development of resistant varieties is postulated as a viable and promising strategy. By using an integrated approach, this study aimed to identify differences in the molecular responses and physiological traits of the highly susceptible Pinus radiata and the highly resistant Pinus pinea to F. circinatum at an early stage of infection. Dual RNA-Seq analysis also allowed to evaluate pathogen behavior when infecting each pine species. No significant changes in the physiological analysis were found upon pathogen infection, although transcriptional reprogramming was observed mainly in the resistant species. The transcriptome profiling of P. pinea revealed an early perception of the pathogen infection together with a strong and coordinated defense activation through the reinforcement and lignification of the cell wall, the antioxidant activity, the induction of PR genes, and the biosynthesis of defense hormones. On the contrary, P. radiata had a weaker response, possibly due to impaired perception of the fungal infection that led to a reduced downstream defense signaling. Fusarium circinatum showed a different transcriptomic profile depending on the pine species being infected. While in P. pinea, the pathogen focused on the degradation of plant cell walls, active uptake of the plant nutrients was showed in P. radiata. These findings present useful knowledge for the development of breeding programs to manage PPC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions between Microbes and Trees)
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18 pages, 12305 KiB  
Article
The Cutinase Bdo_10846 Play an Important Role in the Virulence of Botryosphaeria dothidea and in Inducing the Wart Symptom on Apple Plant
by Bao-Zhu Dong, Xiao-Qiong Zhu, Jun Fan and Li-Yun Guo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(4), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041910 - 14 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
Botryosphaeria dothidea is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, infecting hundreds of species of economically important woody plants. It infects and causes various symptoms on apple plants, including wart and canker on branches, twigs, and stems. However, the mechanism of warts formation is unclear. [...] Read more.
Botryosphaeria dothidea is a pathogen with worldwide distribution, infecting hundreds of species of economically important woody plants. It infects and causes various symptoms on apple plants, including wart and canker on branches, twigs, and stems. However, the mechanism of warts formation is unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of wart formation by observing the transection ultrastructure of the inoculated cortical tissues at various time points of the infection process and detecting the expression of genes related to the pathogen pathogenicity and plant defense response. Results revealed that wart induced by B. dothidea consisted of proliferous of phelloderm cells, the newly formed secondary phellem, and the suberized phelloderm cells surrounding the invading mycelia. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed the significant upregulation of apple pathogenesis-related and suberification-related genes and a pathogen cutinase gene Bdo_10846. The Bdo_10846 knockout transformants showed reduced cutinase activity and decreased virulence. Transient expression of Bdo_10846 in Nicotiana benthamiana induced ROS burst, callose formation, the resistance of N. benthamiana to Botrytis cinerea, and significant upregulation of the plant pathogenesis-related and suberification-related genes. Additionally, the enzyme activity is essential for the induction. Virus-induced gene silencing demonstrated that the NbBAK1 and NbSOBIR1 expression were required for the Bdo_10846 induced defense response in N. benthamiana. These results revealed the mechanism of wart formation induced by B. dothidea invasion and the important roles of the cutinase Bdo_10846 in pathogen virulence and in inducing plant immunity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Interactions between Microbes and Trees)
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