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Central and Local Modulators of Reproduction and Fertility: An Update (4th Edition)

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 3277

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Guest Editor
Department of Movement and Wellness Sciences, Parthenope University of Naples, Via Medina 40, I-80133 Naples, Italy
Interests: endocannabinoid system; endocannabinoids–GnRH–steroids crosstalk; kisspeptins; reproduction; HPG axis; spermatogenesis; spermatozoa; endocrine disruptors; epigenetics
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Reproduction and fertility depend on the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonad (HPG) axis. The key actor in HPG axis activity is the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is a decapeptide able to induce the discharge of pituitary gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)), which in turn sustain the production of sex steroids by the gonads, with successful gametogenesis as a result. In addition to intricate endocrine communication routes, paracrine and autocrine communications along the HPG axis also ensure successful gametogenesis. In this respect, the list of centrally and peripherally produced modulators of reproduction is growing and deserves attention in order to preserve both reproduction and fertility through the formation of high-quality gametes. In fact, reproduction is highly sensitive to environmental factors such as diet, stress, or endocrine disruptors, among others, and the possibility of the epigenetic modulation of reproduction with transgenerational outcomes has recently been raised. To date, several modulators exert their activity within the hypothalamus, modulating the activity of GnRH-secreting neurons in response to exogenous and endogenous environmental “cues”; similarly, peripherally produced modulators directly affect gametogenesis with effects on reproduction and fertility. Despite the experimental evidence, molecular and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of HPG activity remain to be fully elucidated, hence the need to fill this gap in order to devise clinically effective treatment strategies.

This Special Issue aims at expanding the current knowledge on central and local modulators of reproduction and fertility in both physiological and pathological conditions, as well as on their possible therapeutic exploitation. Experimental studies in vitro and in vivo models, review articles, and clinical studies are all welcome for consideration.

Prof. Dr. Rosaria Meccariello
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • reproduction
  • fertility
  • HPG axis
  • testis
  • ovary
  • spermatogenesis
  • ovogenesis
  • gametes
  • GnRH
  • gonadotropins
  • sex steroids
  • kisspeptins
  • GnIH
  • metabolic sensors
  • leptin
  • endocannabinoids
  • autocrine/paracrine regulators
  • protein/peptide hormones
  • lipid mediators
  • epigenetics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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16 pages, 9827 KiB  
Article
The Transcriptome Characterization of the Hypothalamus and the Identification of Key Genes during Sexual Maturation in Goats
by Qing Li, Tianle Chao, Yanyan Wang, Rong Xuan, Yanfei Guo, Peipei He, Lu Zhang and Jianmin Wang
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(18), 10055; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms251810055 - 19 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Sexual maturation in goats is a dynamic process regulated precisely by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and is essential for reproduction. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in this process and is the control center of the reproductive activity. It is significant to study the [...] Read more.
Sexual maturation in goats is a dynamic process regulated precisely by the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and is essential for reproduction. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in this process and is the control center of the reproductive activity. It is significant to study the molecular mechanisms in the hypothalamus regulating sexual maturation in goats. We analyzed the serum hormone profiles and hypothalamic mRNA expression profiles of female goats during sexual development (1 day old (neonatal, D1, n = 5), 2 months old (prepuberty, M2, n = 5), 4 months old (sexual maturity, M4, n = 5), and 6 months old (breeding period, M6, n = 5)). The results indicated that from D1 to M6, serum hormone levels, including FSH, LH, progesterone, estradiol, IGF1, and leptin, exhibited an initial increase followed by a decline, peaking at M4. Furthermore, we identified a total of 508 differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus, with a total of four distinct expression patterns. Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (NR1D1), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1R), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH-1) may contribute to hormone secretion, energy metabolism, and signal transduction during goat sexual maturation via circadian rhythm regulation, ECM receptor interactions, neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions, and Wnt signaling pathways. This investigation offers novel insights into the molecular mechanisms governing the hypothalamic regulation of goat sexual maturation. Full article
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11 pages, 6633 KiB  
Article
MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Reveals Lipid Alterations in Physiological and Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome Human Testicular Tissue Sections
by Alexandra Sulc, Péter Czétány, Gábor Máté, András Balló, Dávid Semjén, Árpád Szántó and László Márk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(15), 8358; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25158358 - 31 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2314
Abstract
Azoospermia, the absence of sperm cells in semen, affects around 15% of infertile males. Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) is the most common pathological lesion in the background of non-obstructive azoospermia and is characterised by the complete absence of germinal epithelium, with Sertoli cells [...] Read more.
Azoospermia, the absence of sperm cells in semen, affects around 15% of infertile males. Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) is the most common pathological lesion in the background of non-obstructive azoospermia and is characterised by the complete absence of germinal epithelium, with Sertoli cells exclusively present in the seminiferous tubules. Studies have shown a correlation between successful spermatogenesis and male fertility with lipid composition of spermatozoa, semen, seminal plasma or testis. The aim of this research was to discover the correlation between the Johnsen scoring system and phospholipid expressions in testicular cryosections of SCOS patients. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry is used to determine spatial distributions of molecular species, such as phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and sphingomyelins (SMs) are the most abundant phospholipids in mammalian cells and testis. SMs, the structural components of plasma membranes, are crucial for spermatogenesis and sperm function. Plasmalogens, are unique PCs in testis with strong antioxidative properties. This study, using imaging mass spectrometry, demonstrates the local distribution of phospholipids, particularly SMs, PCs, plasmalogens and PEs in human testicular samples with SCOS for the first time. This study found a strong relationship between the Johnsen scoring system and phospholipid expression levels in human testicular tissues. Future findings could enable routine diagnostic techniques during microTESE procedures for successful sperm extraction. Full article
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