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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Human Disease

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 1260

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oxidative stress is a condition where there is an imbalance between free radicals (reactive oxygen species) and antioxidants in the body. Free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, contributing to aging and various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants are molecules that neutralize free radicals, preventing or reducing damage. Natural antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, polyphenols, and flavonoids, are found in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains. They play a crucial role in maintaining health by protecting cells from oxidative damage. The body also produces endogenous antioxidants, like glutathione, which further defend against oxidative stress. Balancing oxidative stress with sufficient antioxidants is essential for preventing chronic diseases and promoting overall well-being. Consuming a diet rich in natural antioxidants is a key strategy for managing oxidative stress.

This Special Issue will focus on new insights into the role of oxidative stress and antioxidants in human diseases.

Dr. Federica Mannino
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • oxidative stress
  • free radicals
  • antioxidants
  • reactive oxygen species (ROS)
  • polyphenols

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

15 pages, 792 KiB  
Review
Impact of Reductive Stress on Human Infertility: Underlying Mechanisms and Perspectives
by Efthalia Moustakli, Athanasios Zikopoulos, Charikleia Skentou, Periklis Katopodis, Ekaterini Domali, Anastasios Potiris, Sofoklis Stavros and Athanasios Zachariou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(21), 11802; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111802 - 2 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1009
Abstract
Antioxidants have a well-established effect on general health and are essential in preventing oxidative damage to cells by scavenging free radicals. Free radicals are thought to be neutralized by these substances, which include polyphenols, β-carotene, and vitamins C and E, reducing cellular damage. [...] Read more.
Antioxidants have a well-established effect on general health and are essential in preventing oxidative damage to cells by scavenging free radicals. Free radicals are thought to be neutralized by these substances, which include polyphenols, β-carotene, and vitamins C and E, reducing cellular damage. On the other hand, recent data indicates that consuming excessive amounts of antioxidants may have side effects. Apoptosis and cell signaling are two beneficial physiological processes that are affected by excessive supplementation. Other negative effects include paradoxical enhancement of oxidative stress and unbalanced cellular redox potential. Overdosing on particular antioxidants has been associated with increased medication interactions, cancer progression, and fatality risks. Additionally, the complex impacts they may have on fertility might be both useful and adverse, depending on the quantity and duration of usage. This review delves into the dual role of antioxidants and emphasizes the importance of employing antioxidants in moderation. Antioxidant overconsumption may disrupt the oxidative balance necessary for normal sperm and oocyte function, which is one of the potential negative effects of antioxidants on fertility in both males and females that are also investigated. Although modest usage of antioxidants is generally safe and useful, high levels of antioxidants can upset hormonal balance, impair sperm motility, and negatively impact the outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The findings emphasize the need to use antioxidant supplements in a balanced way, the importance of further research to optimize their use in fertility treatments, and the importance of supporting reproductive health to avoid adverse effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Human Disease)
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