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The Links between Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, Aging and Cognition

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Bioactives and Nutraceuticals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 34065

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179 MECADEV, Team BIOADAPT, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
Interests: nutrition; neurophysiology; aging; chronobiology; energy metabolism

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Guest Editor
UMR CNRS/MNHN 7179 MECADEV, Team BIOADAPT, 1 Avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France
Interests: ecophysiology; neurophysiology; energy metabolism; chronobiology; aging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In modern societies, humans have evolved from physically active hunter-gatherers with a diet rich in fibers but low in sugar to sedentary persons with low physical activity and easy access to extremely rich food. If a modification of diet composition during evolution might have contributed to the expansion of human brain mass and complexity, the recent changes in diet (e.g., more sugar, more fat) might explain in part the increasing prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. At the same time, medical and social progress has led to an extension of lifespan, but with a rising prevalence of age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases. Studies in humans report that metabolic disorders (such as obesity or insulin resistance) are often comorbidities of cognitive declines and could be considered as risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases.

Gut microbiota, which stand at the interface between the environment and the organism, have also been extensively associated with energy homeostasis and metabolic control, in particular in relation to the effects of microbial metabolites on the gut–brain axis. More precisely, gut microbiota have a major impact on digestive efficiency and on the nutrients that are rendered available for energy homeostasis. It is well described that gut microbiota composition is flexible, in particular, in response to food composition, and, in turn, how the loss of intestinal microbial diversity is detrimental to energy balance and mental health.

This Special Issue will review current advances in the field of energy and metabolic regulations in relation to nutrition, with a specific emphasis on the role of gut microbiota. The focus will be on the effects of nutrition on brain function, and more specifically on the mechanisms that underline the neurodegeneration process. Contributions to both animal models and/or humans, as well as evolutionary perspectives, are encouraged.

Dr. Fabien Pifferi
Dr. Jérémy Terrien
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • aging
  • nutrition
  • metabolism
  • energy balance
  • behavior
  • cognition
  • brain
  • neurodegeneration
  • neuroinflammation
  • environment
  • microbiota
  • development
  • season
  • flexibility

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3834 KiB  
Article
Divergent Effect of Central Incretin Receptors Inhibition in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
by Jelena Osmanovic Barilar, Ana Knezovic, Jan Homolak, Ana Babic Perhoc and Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(1), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23010548 - 4 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2757
Abstract
The incretin system is an emerging new field that might provide valuable contributions to the research of both the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to explore the roles of central glucagon-like peptide-1 [...] Read more.
The incretin system is an emerging new field that might provide valuable contributions to the research of both the pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to explore the roles of central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) on cell metabolism and energy in the brain, as well as on the levels of these incretins, insulin, and glucose via inhibition of the central incretin receptors following intracerebroventricular administration of the respective antagonists in healthy rats and a streptozotocin-induced rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD). Chemical ablation of the central GIP receptor (GIPR) or GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in healthy and diseased animals indicated a region-dependent role of incretins in brain cell energy and metabolism and central incretin-dependent modulation of peripheral hormone secretion, markedly after GIPR inhibition, as well as a dysregulation of the GLP-1 system in experimental sAD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Links between Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, Aging and Cognition)
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19 pages, 3295 KiB  
Article
Resveratrol Supplementation Attenuates Cognitive and Molecular Alterations under Maternal High-Fat Diet Intake: Epigenetic Inheritance over Generations
by Vanesa Izquierdo, Verónica Palomera-Ávalos, Mercè Pallàs and Christian Griñán-Ferré
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(3), 1453; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031453 - 1 Feb 2021
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4711 | Correction
Abstract
Environmental factors such as maternal high-fat diet (HFD) intake can increase the risk of age-related cognitive decline in adult offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms are a possible link between diet effect and neurodegeneration across generations. Here, we found a significant decrease in triglyceride levels in [...] Read more.
Environmental factors such as maternal high-fat diet (HFD) intake can increase the risk of age-related cognitive decline in adult offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms are a possible link between diet effect and neurodegeneration across generations. Here, we found a significant decrease in triglyceride levels in a high-fat diet with resveratrol (RSV) HFD + RSV group and the offspring. Firstly, we obtained better cognitive performance in HFD+RSV groups and their offspring. Molecularly, a significant increase in DNA methylation (5-mC) levels, as well as increased gene expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and Dnmt3a in HFD + RSV F1 group, were found. Furthermore, a significant increase of N6-Methyladenosine methylation (m6A) levels in HFD+RSV F1, as well as changes in gene expression of its enzymes Methyltransferase like 3 (Mettl3) and FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase (Fto) were found. Moreover, we found a decrease in gene expression levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as Interleukin 1β (Il1-β), Interleukin 6 (Il-6), Tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnf-α), C-X-C motifchemokine ligand 10 (Cxcl-10), the pro-inflammatory factors monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (Mcp-1) and Tumor growth factor-β1 (Tgf-β1) in HFD+RSV and HFD+RSV F1 groups. Moreover, there was increased gene expression of neurotrophins such as Neural growth factor (Ngf), Neurotrophin-3 (Nt3), and its receptors Tropomyosin receptor kinase TrkA and TrkB. Likewise, an increase in protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phospho-protein kinase B (p-Akt) in HFD+RSV F1 was found. These results suggest that maternal RSV supplementation under HFD intake prevents cognitive decline in senescence-accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) adult offspring, promoting a reduction in triglycerides and leptin plasma levels, changes in the pro-inflammatory profile, and restoring the epigenetic landscape as well as synaptic plasticity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Links between Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, Aging and Cognition)
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Review

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25 pages, 1520 KiB  
Review
In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function
by Thayza Martins Melzer, Luana Meller Manosso, Suk-yu Yau, Joana Gil-Mohapel and Patricia S. Brocardo
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(9), 5026; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22095026 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 17796
Abstract
Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet is important for maintaining health, especially as individuals age. Several studies suggest that consuming a diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such as those found in fruits, nuts, vegetables, and fish may reduce age-related cognitive decline and [...] Read more.
Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet is important for maintaining health, especially as individuals age. Several studies suggest that consuming a diet rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such as those found in fruits, nuts, vegetables, and fish may reduce age-related cognitive decline and the risk of developing various neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous studies have been published over the last decade focusing on nutrition and how this impacts health. The main objective of the current article is to review the data linking the role of diet and nutrition with aging and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, we discuss the roles of micronutrients and macronutrients and provide an overview of how the gut microbiota-gut-brain axis and nutrition impact brain function in general and cognitive processes in particular during aging. We propose that dietary interventions designed to optimize the levels of macro and micronutrients and maximize the functioning of the microbiota-gut-brain axis can be of therapeutic value for improving cognitive functioning, particularly during aging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Links between Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, Aging and Cognition)
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27 pages, 7853 KiB  
Review
The Interaction of Diet and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aging and Cognition
by Aleksandra Kaliszewska, Joseph Allison, Matteo Martini and Natalia Arias
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(7), 3574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073574 - 30 Mar 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 6235
Abstract
Aging is inevitable and it is one of the major contributors to cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline are still the object of extensive research. At the biological level, it is unknown how the aging brain is subjected to progressive [...] Read more.
Aging is inevitable and it is one of the major contributors to cognitive decline. However, the mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive decline are still the object of extensive research. At the biological level, it is unknown how the aging brain is subjected to progressive oxidative stress and neuroinflammation which determine, among others, mitochondrial dysfunction. The link between mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive impairment is becoming ever more clear by the presence of significant neurological disturbances in human mitochondrial diseases. Possibly, the most important lifestyle factor determining mitochondrial functioning is nutrition. Therefore, with the present work, we review the latest findings disclosing a link between nutrition, mitochondrial functioning and cognition, and pave new ways to counteract cognitive decline in late adulthood through diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Links between Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, Aging and Cognition)
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Other

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2 pages, 519 KiB  
Correction
Correction: Izquierdo et al. Resveratrol Supplementation Attenuates Cognitive and Molecular Alterations under Maternal High-Fat Diet Intake: Epigenetic Inheritance over Generations. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1453
by Vanesa Izquierdo, Verónica Palomera-Ávalos, Mercè Pallàs and Christian Griñán-Ferré
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22(17), 9155; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179155 - 25 Aug 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1663
Abstract
The author wishes to make the following correction to this paper [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Links between Nutrition, Energy Metabolism, Aging and Cognition)
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