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The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in the Immune System and Health

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 7623

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
2. Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
Interests: physiology; ion channels; electrophysiology; neurophysiology; cerebellum; schizophrenia; public health; molecular biology; cancer
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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Physiology, Biomedicine School, Faculty of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
Interests: biochemistry; genetics and molecular biology; medicine chemistry; computer science; chemical engineering; pharmacology; toxicology and pharmaceutics agricultural; biological sciences
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The dual role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human health is proposed in the literature. Under physiological conditions, endogenous levels of ROS are tightly controlled by various antioxidant systems; however, they form even more free radicals, resulting in oxidative stress, which can damage DNA, proteins, and lipid-based cellular membranes. Despite the danger posed by high levels of ROS, several studies implicated moderate levels as critical mediators of intracellular signaling pathways in various immune cells. ROS play an extensive role in T cells activation, apoptosis, and hypo-responsiveness; they have large impact through various molecular targets and sensitive pathways, including the regulation of protein phosphorylation, ion channels, and transcription factors. Additionally, a growing number of studies suggested the direct anti-tumor role of ROS in cancer conditions. Therefore, understanding the state of ROS-based molecular targets, which play a pivotal role in downstream regulation of various signaling pathways in immunity and health, is crucial in the potential management of a plethora of diseases. Here, we are pleased to invite you to participate in this Special Issue, entitled "The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in immune system and health", by presenting your most recent research on the physiological and pathological role of ROS in both immune and tumor conditions. Experimental papers, up-to-date review articles, and commentaries are all welcome.

Dr. Pawan Sirwan Faris
Dr. Roberto Berra-Romani
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • reactive oxygen species
  • Ca2+ signaling
  • ion channels
  • TRP channels
  • immune system
  • cancers
  • molecular pathways

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3102 KiB  
Article
Otoprotective Effects of Fucoidan Reduce Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity in Mouse Cochlear UB/OC-2 Cells
by Cheng-Yu Hsieh, Jia-Ni Lin, Ting-Ya Kang, Yu-Hsuan Wen, Szu-Hui Yu, Chen-Chi Wu and Hung-Pin Wu
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(4), 3561; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24043561 - 10 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used standard chemotherapy for various cancers. However, cisplatin treatment is associated with severe ototoxicity. Fucoidan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide mainly derived from brown seaweeds, and it shows multiple bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Despite [...] Read more.
Cisplatin is a widely used standard chemotherapy for various cancers. However, cisplatin treatment is associated with severe ototoxicity. Fucoidan is a complex sulfated polysaccharide mainly derived from brown seaweeds, and it shows multiple bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant activities. Despite evidence of the antioxidant effects of fucoidan, research on its otoprotective effects remains limited. Therefore, the present study investigated the otoprotective effects of fucoidan in vitro using the mouse cochlear cell line UB/OC-2 to develop new strategies to attenuate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. We quantified the cell membrane potential and analyzed regulators and cascade proteins in the apoptotic pathway. Mouse cochlear UB/OC-2 cells were pre-treated with fucoidan before cisplatin exposure. The effects on cochlear hair cell viability, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis-related proteins were determined via flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and fluorescence staining. Fucoidan treatment reduced cisplatin-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species production, stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited mitochondrial dysfunction, and successfully protected hair cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, fucoidan exerted antioxidant effects against oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2 pathway. Therefore, we suggest that fucoidan may represent a potential therapeutic agent for developing a new otoprotective strategy. Full article
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Review

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15 pages, 1120 KiB  
Review
Oxidative Stress and Immune Response in Melanoma: Ion Channels as Targets of Therapy
by Alessia Remigante, Sara Spinelli, Angela Marino, Michael Pusch, Rossana Morabito and Silvia Dossena
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(1), 887; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010887 - 3 Jan 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3893
Abstract
Oxidative stress and immune response play an important role in the development of several cancers, including melanoma. Ion channels are aberrantly expressed in tumour cells and regulate neoplastic transformation, malignant progression, and resistance to therapy. Ion channels are localized in the plasma membrane [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress and immune response play an important role in the development of several cancers, including melanoma. Ion channels are aberrantly expressed in tumour cells and regulate neoplastic transformation, malignant progression, and resistance to therapy. Ion channels are localized in the plasma membrane or other cellular membranes and are targets of oxidative stress, which is particularly elevated in melanoma. At the same time, ion channels are crucial for normal and cancer cell physiology and are subject to multiple layers of regulation, and therefore represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we analyzed the effects of oxidative stress on ion channels on a molecular and cellular level and in the context of melanoma progression and immune evasion. The possible role of ion channels as targets of alternative therapeutic strategies in melanoma was discussed. Full article
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