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Prevention and Biomarkers of Respiratory Diseases
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Prevention and Biomarkers of Respiratory Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 6184

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Venerando Antonio Rapisarda

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Occupational Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: occupational medicine; health promotion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Disease prevention, understood as specific, population-based, and individual-based interventions for primary and secondary prevention, has the aim to minimize the burden of diseases and associated risk factors. In particular, primary prevention refers to actions aimed at avoiding the manifestation of a disease. This comprises actions to improve health through changing the impact of social and economic determinants on health; the provision of information on behavioral and medical health risks, alongside consultation and measures to decrease them at the personal and community level; nutritional and food supplementation; hygiene education; and clinical preventive services such as immunization and vaccination. Instead, secondary prevention deals with early detection when this improves the chances for positive health outcomes. This comprises activities such as evidence-based screening programs for early detection of diseases or for prevention of congenital malformations; and preventive drug therapies of proven effectiveness when administered at an early stage of the disease. Respiratory diseases are the main causes of death in the EU and include conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia or asthma. To these is added cancer of the respiratory system. In 2020, the incidence of respiratory system cancer (trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer) was 11.4%, with a mortality of 18% of the cases. The percentage of incidence and mortality in Europe were 21.6% and 21.4%, respectively. Malignant mesothelioma, a very aggressive neoplasm mainly correlated with exposure to asbestiform fibers, is also among the different types of cancer of the respiratory system. In 2020, the number of new diagnoses of malignant mesothelioma was approximately 30,870, with 26,278 deaths. The incidence and mortality of this neoplasm in Europe cover 45%. This Special Issue will provide an update on the programs of prevention and new biomarker discovery in the field of respiratory disease, including cancer. Potential topics include but are not limited to the role of diagnostic biomarkers in medicine, innovative techniques to improve biomarkers’ studies, mechanisms of action of asbestiform fiber inhalation, new methods to prevent the exposure of asbestiform fibers, new models of etiopathogenesis of respiratory diseases, and association between asbestiform fiber exposure and the onset of respiratory diseases.

We welcome both solicited and unsolicited submissions that will contribute to this goal.

Prof. Dr. Venerando Antonio Rapisarda
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • prevention
  • biomarkers
  • respiratory diseases
  • risk factors
  • fibers

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 782 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Clinical Value of KL-6 and Tumor Markers in Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome Complicated with Interstitial Lung Disease
by Fengqin Wei, Xinran Zhang, Shengnan Yang, Jing Geng, Bingbing Xie, Yanhong Ren and Huaping Dai
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 4926; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154926 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1314
Abstract
Objective: primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease, of which the most common complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aimed to analyze the clinical value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 153(CA153) in patients [...] Read more.
Objective: primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease, of which the most common complication is interstitial lung disease (ILD). This study aimed to analyze the clinical value of Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 153(CA153) in patients with pSS complicated with ILD (pSS-ILD), given that only few studies have evaluated this. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Serum KL-6 levels (U/mL) were measured using chemiluminescence immunoassay, and concentrations of serum tumor markers were determined using the immunofluorescence method in 64 cases of pSS-ILD (pSS-ILD group), 23 cases without ILD (non-ILD group), and 45 healthy controls. The correlation between KL-6 and tumor markers as well as lung function was analyzed, and the factors that were associated with pSS-ILD were screened. Results: The serum KL-6 was more abnormally increased in patients with pSS-ILD, and the serum KL-6, CEA, carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), and CA153 levels were significantly higher in the pSS-ILD group than in the non-ILD and healthy control groups (p < 0.05). KL-6, CEA, and CA153 were negatively correlated with forced vital capacity (FVC%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%), total lung capacity (TLC%), and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that KL-6 was an independent factor associated with pSS-ILD. Conclusions: In conclusion, we evaluated the association between clinical values of KL-6, tumor markers, and pSS-ILD, and found that KL-6 and tumor markers such as CEA, CA153, and CA125 in patients with pSS-ILD were higher than in patients with non-ILD, and KL-6 was more abnormally increased and significantly associated with ILD development in patients with pSS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Biomarkers of Respiratory Diseases)
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11 pages, 262 KiB  
Article
High Level of Blood Eosinophils and Localization of Bronchiectasis in Patients with Severe Asthma: A Pilot Study
by Vitaliano Nicola Quaranta, Silvano Dragonieri, Maria Rosaria Vulpi, Nunzio Crimi, Claudia Crimi, Pierachille Santus, Francesco Menzella, Corrado Pelaia, Giulia Scioscia, Cristiano Caruso, Elena Bargagli, Nicola Scichilone and Giovanna Elisiana Carpagnano
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(1), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010380 - 3 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2067
Abstract
Background. Severe asthma and bronchiectasis are heterogeneous diseases that frequently coexist. The location of bronchiectasis is generally determined by specific underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether in a population suffering from both severe asthma and bronchiectasis there [...] Read more.
Background. Severe asthma and bronchiectasis are heterogeneous diseases that frequently coexist. The location of bronchiectasis is generally determined by specific underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to determine whether in a population suffering from both severe asthma and bronchiectasis there was a correlation between eosinophilic inflammation and localization of bronchiectasis. Methods. We enrolled 41 patients with coexisting bronchiectasis from eight different severe asthma center outpatient clinics and collected the following data: baseline characteristics, Asthma Control Test, Asthma Control Questionnaire, IgE level, blood count, high-resolution computed tomography and bronchiectasis-related parameters, skin prick test, FeNO50 and flow-volume spirometry. The study was retrospectively registered. Results. The presence of eosinophils > 1000 cells/μL was related to distribution of lower pulmonary bronchiectasis (9.1% upper lobes vs. 53.3% lower lobes, p = 0.014). Indeed, the presence of eosinophilic counts > 1000 increased the probability of lower localization of bronchiectasis compared to upper lobes (ODD 0.088 (0.010–0.772), p = 0.028). Conclusions. An increase in blood eosinophils > 1000 cells/μL seems to be associated with lower preferential localization of bronchiectasis with sparing of the upper lung lobes. This could represent a new potential radiological phenotype that could have a dedicated therapeutic strategy in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Biomarkers of Respiratory Diseases)

Review

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12 pages, 292 KiB  
Review
SERPINA1 and More? A Putative Genetic Contributor to Pulmonary Dysfunction in Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
by Aleksandra Jezela-Stanek and Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1708; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051708 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2314
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common inherited disorder associated with an increased risk of pulmonary disease. Its clinical presentation, including the nature and severity of organ involvement, is highly variable and unpredictable and is not as strongly linked to genotype and environmental [...] Read more.
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a common inherited disorder associated with an increased risk of pulmonary disease. Its clinical presentation, including the nature and severity of organ involvement, is highly variable and unpredictable and is not as strongly linked to genotype and environmental exposure (e.g., smoking history) as might be expected. Significant differences were observed within matched populations of severe AATD patients regarding risk of complications, age at onset, and disease course, including the dynamics of lung function decline. Genetic factors are among the putative modifiers contributing to the clinical variability in AATD, yet their role remains elusive. Here, we review and summarise our current understanding of epigenetic and genetic modifiers of pulmonary dysfunction in subjects with AATD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prevention and Biomarkers of Respiratory Diseases)
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