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Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Pulmonology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2023) | Viewed by 13313

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stephanie T Yerkovich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Child Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
2. Australian Centre For Health Services Innovation, QLD University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
Interests: cough; bacterial bronchitis; bronchiectasis; statistics; gene expression
Dr. Julie Marchant

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
2. Australian Centre For Health Services Innovation, Qld University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
Interests: cough; bacterial bronchitis; bronchiectasis; paediatric respiratory
Prof. Dr. Anne B. Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Child Health Division Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT 0810, Australia
2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
3. Australian Centre For Health Services Innovation, Qld University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
Interests: cough; bacterial bronchitis; bronchiectasis; pediatric respiratory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A cough is one of the most common complaints in outpatients, and it presents a particularly substantial burden for children and their families. Coughing has diverse and, often, multiple causes. Clinical experience has shown that the cause and pathogenesis of coughing have changed over time from the onset. The most common cause of coughing is upper respiratory tract infection, which usually remits spontaneously. However, the common cold may trigger the appearance of previously asymptomatic asthma, or the exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the identification of coughing may have led to delays in diagnosis, such as refraining from respiratory function tests and consultations. In clinical practice, misdiagnosis is not uncommon. This Special Issue will focus on new insights into coughing from various perspectives with a focus on children and how this associates with future lung health. We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Stephanie T Yerkovich
Dr. Julie Marchant
Prof. Dr. Anne B. Chang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cough
  • respiratory tract infection
  • respiratory disease
  • asthma
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • sinusitis
  • common cold
  • children
  • smoking
  • pathogenesis
  • diagnoses

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

6 pages, 1687 KiB  
Editorial
Chronic Cough and Causes in Children
by Miles Weinberger
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(12), 3947; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12123947 - 9 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
Coughing is a natural means to clear the airway [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children)
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Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

12 pages, 264 KiB  
Article
Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Why Its Use Is Inappropriate in Children
by Anne B. Chang, Richard S. Irwin, Hannah E. O’Farrell, Peter V. Dicpinigaitis, Suhani Goel, Ahmad Kantar and Julie M. Marchant
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(15), 4879; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154879 - 25 Jul 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2728
Abstract
In children and adults, chronic cough is a common symptom presenting to health professionals worldwide. It is internationally accepted that children with chronic cough should be managed with pediatric specific management guidelines. The newly proposed clinical entity of ‘cough hypersensitivity syndrome’ has gained [...] Read more.
In children and adults, chronic cough is a common symptom presenting to health professionals worldwide. It is internationally accepted that children with chronic cough should be managed with pediatric specific management guidelines. The newly proposed clinical entity of ‘cough hypersensitivity syndrome’ has gained significant attention in adult literature. Given the significant differences between childhood and adult chronic cough, including in respiratory physiology and anatomy, and cough sensitivity, we address the suitability of the use of cough hypersensitivity syndrome in children. We explore these differences between childhood and adult chronic cough, explain what cough hypersensitivity is and highlight why the term cough hypersensitivity syndrome should not be used in children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children)

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

11 pages, 247 KiB  
Review
Role of Spirometry, Radiology, and Flexible Bronchoscopy in Assessing Chronic Cough in Children
by Wicharn Boonjindasup, Rahul J. Thomas, William Yuen and Margaret S. McElrea
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(19), 5720; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13195720 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 981
Abstract
Chronic cough in children is a common and multifaceted symptom, often requiring a comprehensive approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This review explores the use of spirometry, radiology (chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans), and flexible bronchoscopy in the assessment of [...] Read more.
Chronic cough in children is a common and multifaceted symptom, often requiring a comprehensive approach for accurate diagnosis and effective management. This review explores the use of spirometry, radiology (chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans), and flexible bronchoscopy in the assessment of chronic cough in children through current guidelines and studies. The strengths, clinical indications, and limitations of each modality are examined. Spirometry, radiology, and in some cases flexible bronchoscopy are integral to the assessment of chronic cough in children; however, a tailored approach, leveraging the strengths of each modality and guided by clinical indications, enhances diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic outcomes of pediatric chronic cough. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children)
13 pages, 302 KiB  
Review
Chronic Bronchitis in Children and Adults: Definitions, Pathophysiology, Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Consequences
by Jingwen Zhang, Danielle F. Wurzel, Jennifer L. Perret, Caroline J. Lodge, E. Haydn Walters and Shyamali C. Dharmage
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(8), 2413; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13082413 - 20 Apr 2024
Viewed by 3301
Abstract
The complex nature of chronic bronchitis (CB) and changing definitions have contributed to challenges in understanding its aetiology and burden. In children, CB is characterised by persistent airway inflammation often linked to bacterial infections and is therefore termed “protracted bacterial bronchitis” (PBB). Longitudinal [...] Read more.
The complex nature of chronic bronchitis (CB) and changing definitions have contributed to challenges in understanding its aetiology and burden. In children, CB is characterised by persistent airway inflammation often linked to bacterial infections and is therefore termed “protracted bacterial bronchitis” (PBB). Longitudinal studies suggest that CB in childhood persists into adulthood in a subgroup. It can also be associated with future chronic respiratory diseases including asthma, bronchiectasis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Adult CB is traditionally associated with smoking, occupational exposures, and lower socioeconomic status. The interplay between risk factors, childhood CB, adult CB, and other chronic respiratory diseases is intricate, requiring comprehensive longitudinal studies for a clearer understanding of the natural history of CB across the lifespan. Such longitudinal studies have been scarce to date given the logistic challenges of maintaining them over time. In this review, we summarise current evidence on the evolution of the definitions, pathophysiology, risk factors, and consequences of childhood and adulthood chronic bronchitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children)
26 pages, 1841 KiB  
Review
The Respiratory Microbiome in Paediatric Chronic Wet Cough: What Is Known and Future Directions
by Brianna Atto, Yitayal Anteneh, Seweryn Bialasiewicz, Michael J. Binks, Mostafa Hashemi, Jane Hill, Ruth B. Thornton, Jacob Westaway and Robyn L. Marsh
J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(1), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010171 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2169
Abstract
Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. [...] Read more.
Chronic wet cough for longer than 4 weeks is a hallmark of chronic suppurative lung diseases (CSLD), including protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB), and bronchiectasis in children. Severe lower respiratory infection early in life is a major risk factor of PBB and paediatric bronchiectasis. In these conditions, failure to clear an underlying endobronchial infection is hypothesised to drive ongoing inflammation and progressive tissue damage that culminates in irreversible bronchiectasis. Historically, the microbiology of paediatric chronic wet cough has been defined by culture-based studies focused on the detection and eradication of specific bacterial pathogens. Various ‘omics technologies now allow for a more nuanced investigation of respiratory pathobiology and are enabling development of endotype-based models of care. Recent years have seen substantial advances in defining respiratory endotypes among adults with CSLD; however, less is understood about diseases affecting children. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the airway microbiome among children with chronic wet cough related to the PBB–bronchiectasis diagnostic continuum. We explore concepts emerging from the gut–lung axis and multi-omic studies that are expected to influence PBB and bronchiectasis endotyping efforts. We also consider how our evolving understanding of the airway microbiome is translating to new approaches in chronic wet cough diagnostics and treatments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children)
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8 pages, 1101 KiB  
Review
Neurobiology of Coughing in Children
by Stuart B. Mazzone
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(23), 7285; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12237285 - 24 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1470
Abstract
A cough is one of several defensive responses that protect and clear the airways of inhaled, aspirated or locally produced chemicals and matter. The neural components needed to initiate a cough begin to develop in utero, and at birth the airways and lungs [...] Read more.
A cough is one of several defensive responses that protect and clear the airways of inhaled, aspirated or locally produced chemicals and matter. The neural components needed to initiate a cough begin to develop in utero, and at birth the airways and lungs already have a rich supply of sensory and motor-neural innervation. However, a cough is not always the primary defensive response to airway challenge in very young infants, but instead develops in the first postnatal months and matures further into puberty. Consequently, the clinical presentation of a troublesome cough in children may not be the same as in adults, exemplified by important differences in cough sensitivity and hypersensitivity between children and adults. This review will summarise key anatomical and functional concepts in airway neurobiology that may improve understanding of coughs in children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insight into Cough: Seed of Respiratory Disease with a Focus on Children)
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