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Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II

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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Ophthalmology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 November 2023) | Viewed by 15483

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kazuno Negishi

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Guest Editor

Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
Interests: visual function; cataract and refractive surgery; intraocular lens; aberration; accommodation; pres-byopia; myopia
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In March 2020, the first volume of my Special Issue “Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function” was launched (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/jcm/special_issues/visual_function). Many manuscripts about the broad range of clinical research in the field of ophthalmic optics and visual function, mainly related to the anterior segment and myopia control, have been published. The first Issue includes 16 manuscripts: two original papers on refraction measurement, four on presbyopia diagnosis and treatment, two on myopia treatment, four on other topics, and one review paper and three original papers on myopia control.

Given the enormous success of the first release, I believe that it is time to move forward and publish a second Special Issue, collecting additional insights into ophthalmic optics and visual function, especially including those handling the myopia control, prevention and treatment of presbyopia. For this second Issue, I am very keen to attract a global audience, and welcome any contributions on this subject from around the world.

I also welcome articles providing new insights into (i) the impact of COVID-19 in refraction, accommodation, visual function, and ocular surface condition; (ii) early diagnosis and management of presbyopia; (iii) novel approaches to the treatment of presbyopia or refractive error, including either surgical or medical management; (iv) clinical research on the accuracy of intraocular lens power determination for cataract and refractive surgery.

I welcome submissions that will contribute to this goal.

Dr. Kazuno Negishi
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

visual function
ocular surface
cataract and refractive surgery
intraocular lens
aberration
accommodation
presbyopia
myopia control
quality of life

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

9 pages, 1692 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Segmented Optical Axial Length on the Performance of New-Generation Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas in Extremely Long Eyes

by So Goto, Naoyuki Maeda, Kota Uehara, Keiko Ogawa, Maki Matsumaru, Saori Sugiyama, Kazuhiko Ohnuma, Tjundewo Lawu and Toru Noda

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(22), 6959; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12226959 - 7 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1214

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of traditional vergence formulas with segmented axial length (AL) compared to traditional composite AL in extremely long eyes, and to determine whether the segmented AL can be extended to the new-generation formulas, including the Barrett Universal II, Emmetropia Verifying Optical 2.0 (EVO2), Hill-RBF 3.0 (Hill3), Kane, and Ladas Super formula (LSF) formulas in extremely long eyes. Setting: National Hospital. Organization, Tokyo Medical Center, Japan. Design: Retrospective case series. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery implanted with a three-piece intraocular lens between December 2015 and March 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The composite AL was measured with a swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometer using a mean refractive index. The segmented AL was calculated by summing the geometric lengths of the ocular segments (cornea, aqueous, lens, and vitreous) using multiple specific refractive indices based on the data obtained by the SS-OCT-based biometer. When refraction was measured at three months postoperatively, the median absolute errors (MedAEs) were calculated with two ALs for each formula. Results: The study included 31 eyes of 22 patients. The segmented AL (30.45 ± 1.23 mm) was significantly shorter than the composite AL (30.71 ± 1.28 mm, p < 0.001). The MedAEs were significantly reduced when using segmented AL for SRK/T, Haigis, Hill3, and LSF, compared to those obtained using composite AL (0.38 vs. 0.62, 0.48 vs. 0.79, 0.50 vs. 0.90, 0.34 vs. 0.61, p < 0.001 for all formulas, respectively). On the contrary, the MedAE obtained by Kane with segmented AL was significantly worse compared to the one with composite AL (0.35 vs. 0.27, p = 0.03). Conclusion: In extremely high myopic eyes, the segmented AL improves the performance of SRK/T, Haigis, Hill3, and LSF formulas compared to the composite AL, while the segmented AL worsens the prediction accuracy of the Kane formula. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II)

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14 pages, 2826 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Aniseikonia in Patients with Successfully Treated Anisometropic Amblyopia Using Spatial Aniseikonia Test

by Ryusei Takigawa, Kakeru Sasaki, Masakazu Hirota, Maki Nakagawa, Kozue Sasaki, Toshifumi Mihashi, Yoshinobu Mizuno, Atsushi Mizota and Kumiko Matsuoka

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(11), 3766; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12113766 - 30 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2495

Abstract

Anisometropic amblyopia is decreased visual acuity in one eye, and treatment consists of wearing complete corrective spectacles. Aniseikonia occurs with complete correction of anisometropia using spectacles. Aniseikonia has been ignored when treating pediatric anisometropic amblyopia because of the prevailing belief that anisometropic symptoms are suppressed by adaptation. However, the conventional direct comparison method for evaluating aniseikonia significantly underestimates the degree of aniseikonia. This study investigated whether the adaptation occurs due to long-term anisometropic amblyopia treatment in patients who have had successful amblyopia treatment using a spatial aniseikonia test with high accuracy and repeatability compared with the conventional direct comparison method. The amount of aniseikonia was not significantly different between the patients with successful amblyopia treatment and individuals with anisometropia without a history of amblyopia. In both groups, the aniseikonia per 1.00 D of anisometropia and the aniseikonia per 1.00 mm of aniso-axial length were comparable. The repeatability of the amount of aniseikonia using the spatial aniseikonia test did not differ significantly between the two groups, indicating a high degree of agreement. These findings suggest that aniseikonia is not adapted to amblyopia treatment and that aniseikonia increases as the difference between spherical equivalent and axial length increases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II)

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8 pages, 805 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Postoperative Anterior Chamber Depth and Refraction Based on the Haptic Fix Position in Intraocular Lens Intrascleral Fixation

by Santaro Noguchi, Shunsuke Nakakura, Asuka Noguchi and Hitoshi Tabuchi

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(5), 1815; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12051815 - 24 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1441

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the refraction and iris capture tendency regarding the fixation position with respect to the intrascleral fixation (ISF) of intraocular lenses. Consecutive patients who underwent ISF 1.5 mm (ISF 1.5, 45 eyes) and 2.0 mm (ISF 2.0, 55 eyes) from the corneal limbus with NX60, as well as those who underwent normal phacoemulsification with in-the-bag ZCB00V (ZCB, 50 eyes), were enrolled. The anterior chamber depth (post-op ACD), the estimated ACD when using the SRK/T (post-op ACD—predicted ACD), and the refractive error (post-op MRSE, and the predicted MRSE) were all calculated. In addition, the postoperative iris capture was also investigated. The post-op MRSE—predicted MRSE values were: −0.59, 0.02, and 0.00 D (ISF 1.5, ISF 2.0, and ZCB) (p < 0.05, between ISF 1.5 vs. ISF 2.0 and ZCB); the post-op ACD values were: 4.00, 4.17, and 4.29 mm (p < 0.05, ISF 1.5 vs. ZCB); and the post-op ACD—predicted ACD values were: −2.03, −1.98, and −1.60 mm (p < 0.05, between ZCB vs. ISF 1.5 and ISF 2.0). The iris capture occurred in four eyes with regard to ISF 1.5 and three eyes with ISF 2.0 (p = 0.52). Moreover, ISF 2.0 possessed 0.6D hyperopia and 0.17 mm deeper anterior chamber depth. The refractive error of ISF 2.0 was less than that of ISF 1.5. Lastly, no significant iris capture onset was noted between ISF 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II)

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9 pages, 763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Vision-Related Parameters Affecting Stereopsis after Retinal Detachment Surgery

by Fumiki Okamoto, Tomoya Murakami, Shohei Morikawa, Yoshimi Sugiura, Takahiro Hiraoka and Tetsuro Oshika

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(4), 1527; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041527 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2318

Abstract

Even after successful surgery, the stereopsis of retinal detachment (RD) patients is inferior to that of normal subjects. However, it is unclear which visual dysfunction in the affected eye is responsible for the postoperative stereopsis impairment. This study included 127 patients after successful surgery for unilateral RD. Stereopsis, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), severity of metamorphopsia, letter contrast sensitivity and amount of aniseikonia were examined at 6-month postoperatively. Stereopsis was assessed using the Titmus Stereo Test (TST) and TNO stereotest (TNO). Postoperative stereopsis (log) in patients with RD were 2.09 ± 0.46 in the TST and 2.56 ± 0.62 in the TNO. Multivariate analysis with stepwise regression revealed postoperative TST was associated with BCVA, and TNO was associated with BCVA, letter contrast sensitivity, metamorphopsia and absolute values of aniseikonia. In a subgroup analysis that selected those with more impaired stereopsis, postoperative TST was associated with BCVA (p < 0.001), and TNO was associated with letter contrast sensitivity (p < 0.005) and absolute values of aniseikonia (p < 0.05) by multivariate analysis. Deterioration of stereopsis after RD surgery was affected by a variety of visual dysfunctions. The TST was affected by visual acuity, while the TNO was affected by contrast sensitivity and aniseikonia. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II)

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9 pages, 1942 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Visual Performance of a Violet-Filtering Intraocular Lens versus a Blue-Filtering Intraocular Lens of New/Old Manufacturing Processes

by Santaro Noguchi, Shunsuke Nakakura, Asuka Noguchi and Hitoshi Tabuchi

J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(3), 1195; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031195 - 2 Feb 2023

Viewed by 2081

Abstract

This article compares the visual performance of a violet light-filtering colored lens (ZCB00V) and blue light-filtering intraocular lens (IOL; SN60WF) before and after modifying the manufacturing process for glistening suppression. In this retrospective study, conducted at Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji, Japan, a consecutive sample of 8943 eyes of 5119 patients were included and implanted with blue-filtering IOLs before and after modifying the manufacturing process (SN60WF-J (1318 eyes) and SN60WF-Q,A (1418 eyes), respectively), noncolored UV-cut IOLs (ZCB00 (1418 eyes)), and ZCB00V (3717 eyes). For each patient, the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at 3 months postoperative (3MCDVA) and the area under log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) were measured. The 3MCDVA was −0.076 ± 0.1, −0.11 ± 0.13, −0.10 ± 0.17, and −0.11 ± 0.13, for SN60WF-J, SN60WF-Q,A, ZCB00, and ZCB00V, respectively. The SN60WF-J group revealed significant differences as compared to the other three groups (all p < 0.05). The mesopic AULCSF was 2.59 ± 0.20, 2.68 ± 0.19, −2.69 ± 0.18, and 2.76 ± 0.19, respectively, whereas the photopic AULSCF was 2.63 ± 0.23, 2.76 ± 0.25, −2.77 ± 0.25, and 2.88 ± 0.25. The SN60WF-J and ZCB00V groups exhibited significant differences as compared to the other three groups, whereas no significant differences were noted between the SN60WF-Q,A and the ZCB00 groups (all p < 0.05). The violet-filtering lens offers higher visual acuity and contrast sensitivity than the clear and blue-filtering lens. It was also found that the above functions were improved by modifying the manufacturing process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II)

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12 pages, 1699 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Short-Term Exposure to Violet Light Emitted from Eyeglass Frames in Myopic Children: A Randomized Pilot Clinical Trial

by Hidemasa Torii, Kiwako Mori, Takashi Okano, Shinichiro Kondo, Hao-Yung Yang, Erisa Yotsukura, Akiko Hanyuda, Mamoru Ogawa, Kazuno Negishi, Toshihide Kurihara and Kazuo Tsubota

J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(20), 6000; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11206000 - 11 Oct 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5211

Abstract

Violet light (VL), 360–400 nm wavelength, is contained in the sunlight and is an effective element for myopia suppression. This study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of novel eyeglasses that emit VL from the frames. This is a double-masked, randomized, pilot clinical trial conducted in a clinic in Japan. Forty-three children with myopia were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups, wearing VL-emitting eyeglass frames (VLf) that emitted VL of 310 μW/cm² (VLf group, n = 22) or pseudo-placebo eyeglass frames with a minimal emission of VL (<10 μW/cm²) (control group, n = 21). The exposure time was 3 h per day. The primary outcomes were visual acuity, tear film break-up time, corneal endothelial cell density, and the slit-lamp/fundus examinations. The secondary outcome was the 6-month changes in the axial lengths and cycloplegic refractions. Forty-one (95%) participants were included; twenty-one in the VLf group and twenty in the control group. No significant differences were seen in any safety evaluation. Significant changes were seen in axial elongation, choroidal thickness, and cycloplegic refractions in the subgroup analysis of 8- to 10-year-old children (p < 0.05), but otherwise no significant differences were seen. The VLf showed short-term safety and effectiveness against myopia progression. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ophthalmic Optics and Visual Function—Part II)

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