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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in a Variety of Disease Processes
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Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in a Variety of Disease Processes

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Nuclear Medicine & Radiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2020) | Viewed by 8198

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. David Wilson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Interests: molecular imaging; MR spectroscopy; prostate

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nuclear imaging of suspected bacterial infection can complement morphologic imaging (CT, MRI, and ultrasound) in clinical practice. Clinically used techniques include single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), which have been used to image white blood cells (111In-WBC scan) or activated immune cells (18F-FDG-PET). These approaches generally target the host’s immune response, which has motivated the recent development of bacteria-specific strategies especially for PET. The infection imaging component of this Special Issue focuses on detecting bacterial metabolism to image infection in vivo. Cutting-edge research in this area includes the synthesis and radiosynthesis of sugars, amino acids, antibotics, and siderophore complexes that are preferentially incorporated into pathogenic bacteria. We are, therefore, soliciting articles that describe either new probe ideas or the application of reported methods to preclinical models of bacterial infection.

Prof. Dr. David Wilson
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • positron emission tomography (PET)
  • cutting-edge magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
  • single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
  • bacterial metabolism
  • in vivo

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 700 KiB  
Article
Association of Regional Bone Synthetic Activities of Vertebral Corners and Vertebral Bodies Quantified Using 18F-Fluoride Positron Emission Tomography with Bone Mineral Density on Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
by Keunyoung Kim, Kyoungjune Pak, In-Joo Kim, Seong-Jang Kim, Dong Hyun Sohn, Aran Kim and Seung-Geun Lee
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(8), 2656; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082656 - 17 Aug 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2188
Abstract
We investigated whether the bone-synthetic activities of vertebral bodies or vertebral corners quantified using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the corresponding lumbar vertebrae in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at each vertebra level. We analyzed 48 [...] Read more.
We investigated whether the bone-synthetic activities of vertebral bodies or vertebral corners quantified using 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET) was associated with bone mineral density (BMD) at the corresponding lumbar vertebrae in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) at each vertebra level. We analyzed 48 lumbar vertebrae in 12 AS patients who underwent 18F-fluoride PET and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) of the vertebral body and corners from L1 to L4 were measured using the spatially separated region of interest (ROI). The L1–L4 BMDs were calculated based on the DXA (“conventional BMD”). The BMD of the internal vertebral bodies was measured by manually drawing ROIs to represent the trabecular BMD (“alternative BMD”). After adjusting the within-patient correlation, the 18F-fluoride SUVmean of the vertebral corners but not that of vertebral bodies was significantly related with the conventional BMD of the vertebra. Otherwise, the 18F-fluoride uptake of both the vertebral and vertebral bodies was significantly related with the alternative BMD. The bone-synthetic activities of the vertebral corners may be more closely related with BMD than those of the vertebral bodies, suggesting that the effects of regional bone metabolism at the vertebral corners and bodies on BMD differ in AS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in a Variety of Disease Processes)
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12 pages, 1344 KiB  
Article
Diagnostic Performance of Simultaneous [18F]-FDG PET/MR for Assessing Endoscopically Active Inflammation in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Study
by Jost Langhorst, Lale Umutlu, Benedikt Michael Schaarschmidt, Johannes Grueneisen, Aydin Demircioglu, Michael Forsting, Karsten Beiderwellen, Johannes Haubold, Jens Matthias Theysohn, Anna Katharina Koch, Gustav Dobos, Alexander Dechêne, Ken Herrmann, Nils Martin Bruckmann, Thomas Lauenstein and Yan Li
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(8), 2474; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082474 - 1 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3212
Abstract
Background: To investigate the diagnostic performance of simultaneous 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) PET/MR enterography in assessing and grading endoscopically active inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: 50 patients underwent PET/MR 24 h before ileocolonoscopy. Inflammatory activities of bowel segments were evaluated [...] Read more.
Background: To investigate the diagnostic performance of simultaneous 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose ([18F]-FDG) PET/MR enterography in assessing and grading endoscopically active inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: 50 patients underwent PET/MR 24 h before ileocolonoscopy. Inflammatory activities of bowel segments were evaluated with both Mayo endoscopic subscore and Nancy histologic index. MR, DWI (Diffusion-weighted imaging) and PET were utilized as qualitative parameters for detecting endoscopically active inflammation. SUVmaxQuot in each segment (maximum of standard uptake value relative to liver) was calculated to quantify inflammation. Results: In the study arm without bowel purgation, combined reading of PET and MR resulted in significantly increased specificity against each submodality alone (0.944 vs. 0.82 for MR and 0.843 for PET, p < 0.05) and highest overall accuracy. In the study arm with bowel purgation, the significantly lower specificity of PET (0.595) could be markedly improved by a combined reading of PET and MR. Metabolic conditions in bowel segments with both endoscopic and histological remission were significantly lower than in segments with endoscopic remission but persistent microscopic inflammation (SUVmaxQuot 0.719 vs. 0.947, p < 0.001). SUVmaxQuot correlated highly with Mayo endoscopic subscore (ρ = 0.718 and 0.606) and enabled grading of inflammatory activity. Conclusions: Simultaneous [18F]-FDG PET/MR may be considered as an alternative to endoscopy in clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in a Variety of Disease Processes)
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10 pages, 540 KiB  
Article
Skin and Arterial Wall Deposits of 18F-NaF and Severity of Disease in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum
by Antonio Gutierrez-Cardo, Eugenia Lillo, Belén Murcia-Casas, Juan Luis Carrillo-Linares, Francisco García-Argüello, Purificación Sánchez-Sánchez, Alejandro Rodriguez-Morata, Isabel Baquero Aranda, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Chaparro, María García-Fernández and Pedro Valdivielso
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(5), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051393 - 8 May 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2361
Abstract
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease characterized by the calcification of elastin fibers. Our aim was to quantify vascular calcification in the arteries and the deposition of 18F-sodium-fluoride (18F-NaF) in the skin and vessel walls with positron emission tomography/computed tomography. This [...] Read more.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease characterized by the calcification of elastin fibers. Our aim was to quantify vascular calcification in the arteries and the deposition of 18F-sodium-fluoride (18F-NaF) in the skin and vessel walls with positron emission tomography/computed tomography. This was an observational study including 18 patients with PXE. Vascular calcification was measured in Agatston units, and deposition in the skin and vessel walls was shown using target-to-background ratio (TBR). Severity of the disease was scored by Phenodex. We found higher vascular calcification in the popliteal, femoral, and aortic arch vessels compared to other vascular regions; however, the uptake of radiotracer was the highest in the aorta and femoral arteries. In the skin, the highest uptake was observed in the neck and the axillae. There was no significant association between 18F-NaF deposition in the arteries or skin and the global Phenodex score. In contrast, the Phenodex score was significantly associated in univariate analyses with the averaged vascular calcium score (p < 0.01). In the neck, patients with higher skin Phenodex scores exhibited higher radiotracer uptake. As a conclusion, because vascular calcification is physiological, our data suggested that the detection of cutaneous (neck) 18F-NaF deposits might serve to monitor the calcification process in the short-term for patients with PXE. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Positron Emission Tomography (PET) in a Variety of Disease Processes)
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