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Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
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Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 9087

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Carlos Fernando Mourão

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Administration, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Interests: membranes/barries; blood-derived growth factors; guide bone regeneration; soft tissue regeneration; biomaterials; regenerative medicine; drug delivery systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Regenerative medicine is a field that aims to enhance the body's natural healing abilities using advanced medical technologies. Tissue engineering is at the core of this field, which relies heavily on biomaterials with transformative potential. These biocompatible substances not only provide a structural foundation for engineered tissues, but also guide cellular responses, deliver therapeutic agents, and assimilate with host tissues. Recent advancements have enabled the successful regeneration of complex structures like vasculature, which previously relied on evolving biomaterial properties. This Special Issue explores the intricate relationship between tissue regeneration and biomaterials, discussing advancements in both hard and soft tissue reconstruction, novel scaffold designs, and bioactive compound integration. The use of biomaterials has significantly expanded the horizons of regenerative medicine, providing new avenues for research and development. I look forward to your participation in this Special Issue, as we work towards uncovering the full potential of biomaterials in regenerative medicine.

Warm Regards,

Prof. Dr. Carlos Fernando Mourão
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • tissue engineering
  • regenerative medicine
  • bone regeneration
  • soft tissue regeneration

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 9347 KiB  
Article
Nanofat Improves Vascularization and Tissue Integration of Dermal Substitutes without Affecting Their Biocompatibility
by Francesca Bonomi, Ettore Limido, Andrea Weinzierl, Emmanuel Ampofo, Yves Harder, Michael D. Menger and Matthias W. Laschke
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(10), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100294 - 3 Oct 2024
Viewed by 807
Abstract
Dermal substitutes require sufficient tissue integration and vascularization to be successfully covered with split-thickness skin grafts. To rapidly achieve this, we provide the proof of principle for a novel vascularization strategy with high translational potential. Nanofat was generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of [...] Read more.
Dermal substitutes require sufficient tissue integration and vascularization to be successfully covered with split-thickness skin grafts. To rapidly achieve this, we provide the proof of principle for a novel vascularization strategy with high translational potential. Nanofat was generated from subcutaneous adipose tissue of green fluorescence protein (GFP)+ C57BL/6J donor mice and seeded onto small samples (4 mm in diameter) of the clinically approved dermal substitute Integra®. These samples and non-seeded controls were then implanted into full-thickness skin defects in the dorsal skinfold chamber of C57BL/6J wild-type mice and analyzed by intravital fluorescence microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry over a 14-day period. Nanofat-seeded dermal substitutes exhibited an accelerated vascularization, as indicated by a significantly higher functional microvessel density on days 10 and 14 when compared to controls. This was primarily caused by the reassembly of GFP+ microvascular fragments inside the nanofat into microvascular networks. The improved vascularization promoted integration of the implants into the surrounding host tissue, which finally exhibited an increased formation of a collagen-rich granulation tissue. There were no marked differences in the inflammatory host tissue reaction to nanofat-seeded and control implants. These findings demonstrate that nanofat significantly improves the in vivo performance of dermal substitutes without affecting their biocompatibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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15 pages, 6976 KiB  
Article
Effect of Silica Nanoparticle Treatment on Adhesion between Tissue-like Substrates and In Vivo Skin Wound Sealing
by Yeji Jeon, Tae Ryeol Kim, Eun Seo Park, Jae Hyun Park, Han Sung Youn, Dae Youn Hwang and Sungbaek Seo
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(9), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15090259 - 9 Sep 2024
Viewed by 891
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles are innovative solutions of surgical glue that can readily adhere to various tissue-like substrates without the need for time-consuming chemical reactions or ultraviolet irradiation. Herein, 10 nm-sized silica nanoparticle (SiNP10) treatment exhibited maximum adhesion strength in the porcine heart [...] Read more.
Silica nanoparticles are innovative solutions of surgical glue that can readily adhere to various tissue-like substrates without the need for time-consuming chemical reactions or ultraviolet irradiation. Herein, 10 nm-sized silica nanoparticle (SiNP10) treatment exhibited maximum adhesion strength in the porcine heart tissue model, which was approximately 7.15 times higher than that of the control group of non-treatment. We assessed the effects of silica nanoparticle treatment on in vivo skin wounds by scoring tissue adhesion and inflammation using histological images. Compared to the commercial cyanoacrylate skin adhesive (Dermabond), suppression of inflammatory cytokine levels in the incision wound skin was observed. We further quantified the expression of angiogenic growth factors and connective tissue formation-related proteins. On day 5 after wound closing treatment, the expression levels of PDGF-BB growth factor were significantly higher in SiNP10 treatment (0.64 ± 0.03) compared to Dermabond (0.07 ± 0.05). This stimulated angiogenesis and connective tissue formation in the skin of the incision wound may be associated with the promoting effects of SiNP10 treatment on wound closure and tissue adhesion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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13 pages, 17899 KiB  
Article
A Two-Stage Approach Integrating Provisional Biomaterial-Mediated Stabilization Followed by a Definitive Treatment for Managing Volumetric Muscle Loss Injuries
by Andrew R. Clark, Jonathan Kulwatno, Sergey S. Kanovka, George J. Klarmann, Claudia E. Hernandez, Roman M. Natoli, Todd O. McKinley, Benjamin K. Potter, Christopher L. Dearth and Stephen M. Goldman
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(6), 160; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060160 - 6 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1181
Abstract
Treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML) faces challenges due to its unique pathobiology and lower priority in severe musculoskeletal injury management. Consequently, a need exists for multi-stage VML treatment strategies to accommodate delayed interventions owing to comorbidity management or prolonged casualty care in [...] Read more.
Treatment of volumetric muscle loss (VML) faces challenges due to its unique pathobiology and lower priority in severe musculoskeletal injury management. Consequently, a need exists for multi-stage VML treatment strategies to accommodate delayed interventions owing to comorbidity management or prolonged casualty care in combat settings. To this end, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used at concentrations of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% to generate provisional muscle void fillers (MVFs) of varying stiffness values (1.125 kPa, 3.700 kPa, and 7.699 kPa) to stabilize VML injuries as part of a two-stage approach. These were implanted into a rat model for a duration of 4 weeks, then explanted and either left untreated (control) or treated through minced muscle grafting (MMG). Additional benchmarks included acute MMG and unrepaired groups. At the MVF explant, the 7.5% PVA group exhibited superior neuromuscular function compared to the 5% and 10% PVA groups, the least fibrosis, and the largest median myofiber size among all groups at the 12-week endpoint. Despite the 7.5% PVA’s superiority amongst the two-stage treatment groups, neuromuscular function was neither improved nor impaired relative to acute treatment benchmarks. This suggests that the future success of a two-stage VML treatment strategy will necessitate a more effective definitive intervention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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24 pages, 20720 KiB  
Article
Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Laden Nanocomposite Scaffolds Enhance Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Critical-Size Segmental Bone Defect Model
by Elangovan Kalaiselvan, Swapan Kumar Maiti, Shivaraju Shivaramu, Shajahan Amitha Banu, Khan Sharun, Divya Mohan, Sangeetha Palakkara, Sadhan Bag, Monalisa Sahoo, Suresh Ramalingam and Jürgen Hescheler
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15030066 - 10 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2207
Abstract
Bone regeneration poses a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering, prompting ongoing research to explore innovative strategies for effective bone healing. The integration of stem cells and nanomaterial scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to enhance regenerative [...] Read more.
Bone regeneration poses a significant challenge in the field of tissue engineering, prompting ongoing research to explore innovative strategies for effective bone healing. The integration of stem cells and nanomaterial scaffolds has emerged as a promising approach, offering the potential to enhance regenerative outcomes. This study focuses on the application of a stem cell-laden nanomaterial scaffold designed for bone regeneration in rabbits. The in vivo study was conducted on thirty-six healthy skeletally mature New Zealand white rabbits that were randomly allocated into six groups. Group A was considered the control, wherein a 15 mm critical-sized defect was created and left as such without any treatment. In group B, this defect was filled with a polycaprolactone–hydroxyapatite (PCL + HAP) scaffold, whereas in group C, a PCL + HAP-carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH) scaffold was used. In group D, a PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used with local injection of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. The rabbit bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) were seeded onto the PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold by the centrifugal method. In group E, an rBMSC-seeded PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH scaffold was used along with the local injection of rBMSC on postoperative days 7, 14, and 21. For group F, in addition to the treatment given to group E, BMP-2 was administered locally on postoperative days 30, 45, and 60. Gross observations, radiological observation, scanning electron microscopic assessment, and histological evaluation study showed that group F displayed the best healing properties, followed by group E, group D, group C, and B. Group A showed no healing with ends blunting minimal fibrous tissue. Incorporating growth factor BMP-2 in tissue-engineered rBMSC-loaded nanocomposite PCL + HAP + MWCNT-COOH construct can augment the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties, thereby enhancing the healing in a critical-sized bone defect. This novel stem cell composite could prove worthy in the treatment of non-union and delayed union fractures in the near future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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20 pages, 6414 KiB  
Article
The Association of Nanostructured Carbonated Hydroxyapatite with Denatured Albumin and Platelet-Rich Fibrin: Impacts on Growth Factors Release and Osteoblast Behavior
by Renata de Lima Barbosa, Neilane Rodrigues Santiago Rocha, Emanuelle Stellet Lourenço, Victor Hugo de Souza Lima, Elena Mavropoulos, Rafael Coutinho Mello-Machado, Carolina Spiegel, Carlos Fernando Mourão and Gutemberg Gomes Alves
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15010018 - 5 Jan 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2413
Abstract
Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF), a second-generation blood concentrate, offers a versatile structure for bone regeneration due to its composition of fibrin, growth factors, and cytokines, with adaptations like denatured albumin-enriched with liquid PRF (Alb-PRF), showing potential for enhanced stability and growth factor dynamics. Researchers [...] Read more.
Platelet-rich Fibrin (PRF), a second-generation blood concentrate, offers a versatile structure for bone regeneration due to its composition of fibrin, growth factors, and cytokines, with adaptations like denatured albumin-enriched with liquid PRF (Alb-PRF), showing potential for enhanced stability and growth factor dynamics. Researchers have also explored the combination of PRF with other biomaterials, aiming to create a three-dimensional framework for enhanced cell recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation in bone repair studies. This study aimed to evaluate a combination of Alb-PRF with nanostructured carbonated hydroxyapatite microspheres (Alb-ncHA-PRF), and how this association affects the release capacity of growth factors and immunomodulatory molecules, and its impact on the behavior of MG63 human osteoblast-like cells. Alb-PRF membranes were prepared and associated with nanocarboapatite (ncHA) microspheres during polymerization. MG63 cells were exposed to eluates of both membranes to assess cell viability, proliferation, mineralization, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. The ultrastructural analysis has shown that the spheres were shattered, and fragments were incorporated into both the fibrin mesh and the albumin gel of Alb-PRF. Alb-ncHA-PRF presented a reduced release of growth factors and cytokines when compared to Alb-PRF (p < 0.05). Alb-ncHA-PRF was able to stimulate osteoblast proliferation and ALP activity at lower levels than those observed by Alb-PRF and was unable to positively affect in vitro mineralization by MG63 cells. These findings indicate that the addition of ncHA spheres reduces the biological activity of Alb-PRF, impairing its initial effects on osteoblast behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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Review

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14 pages, 3680 KiB  
Review
The Impact of the Dermal Matrix in Tissue Reconstruction: A Bibliometric Perspective in Plastic Surgery
by Daniel Pit, Bogdan Hoinoiu, Razvan Bardan and Teodora Hoinoiu
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(7), 189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15070189 - 9 Jul 2024
Viewed by 852
Abstract
In the vast field of medical scientific research, few topics have managed to attract as much attention and mobilise academic resources as the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. In this study, we used bibliographic metrics such as [...] Read more.
In the vast field of medical scientific research, few topics have managed to attract as much attention and mobilise academic resources as the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. In this study, we used bibliographic metrics such as co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citations per document to analyse the relationship between the use of dermal matrices to reconstruct soft tissue defects caused by burns, tumours, and trauma. In addition, keyword analysis has highlighted the crucial role of technology in recent studies and the innovation brought about by the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Keywords used in recent studies have revealed the critical role of technology in the development of the field. We extracted a set of 1329 research papers from the Web of Science Core Collection database between 2010 and 2024 that met our criteria. Through keyword analysis, we identified technology as a significant factor in recent studies. Our results showed that there is very little collaboration between authors on the topic and that most of them are from Asia. A significant number of articles on this topic come from the USA, China, Japan, Germany, the UK, and France. We discovered the top ten most cited sources analysing the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Finally, we think that this study will be beneficial for our further research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine)
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