Functional Scaffolds for Bone and Joint Surgery

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Bone Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 7281

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Constructional Materials and Biomaterials Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: bone tissue biomechanics and endocrinology; orthopaedic biomaterials; connecting scaffolds for resurfacing arthroplasty endoprostheses; surface modification and functionalization of biomaterials
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E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Constructional Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Interests: orthopaedic biomaterials; engineering of bone–implant interface; scaffolds for bone reconstruction; surface modification and functionalization of biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Adult Spine Orthopaedics Department, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
Interests: morphological changes in the course of degenerative spine disease biomechanical evaluation of spine and hip implants; concentration of metals and elements in the motion system; quality of life in elderly patients with spine diseases; back pain syndromes especially in degenerative disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

One of the ultimate goals of bone and joint surgery is reconstruction via the implantation of a device to replace the bone and/or joints affected by disease or traumatic damage or deformity. In the case of reconstruction of large osseous defects, which remains a significant challenge, 3D scaffolds are developed architectures that promote native tissue regeneration and are used as a template for bone tissue engineering. The recent progress in the field of biomaterials science and engineering, and in modern manufacturing approaches in addition to design strategy allow for tackling this challenge by creating functionally graded scaffolds mimicking the anatomical geometry of bone with varied pore size distribution and gradual structural and mechanical properties of the different morphological structures of a given joint that facilitates bearing external loading. Apart from structurally functional (osteoconductive) designs, continuing efforts are held to develop osteoinductive scaffolds offering enhanced performance for interactions with host tissues. Such functional (or multifunctional) scaffolds are seeded with mesenchymal stromal cells and involve biomolecules and growth factors producing biological signals to stimulate the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast-like cells to promote bone regeneration. They are simultaneously capable of inhibiting local bacterial infections (intrinsically antimicrobial or loaded with antibiotics, peptides, antimicrobial metallic ions and/or nanoparticles) or, e.g., addressing bone cancer therapies (preventing the recurrence of the tumor) involving hyperthermia, photothermal and/or localized drug delivery.

This Special Issue aims to exhibit and discuss the latest advancements in functional scaffolds for bone and joint surgery. It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript to this Special Issue. Full papers, communications and reviews are welcome.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Methods for functionalizing scaffolds to support a variety of in vivo functions;
  • Development of functional 3D scaffolds within tissue engineering;
  • Novel biomaterials and biofactors for functional scaffolds;
  • Conventional and advanced technologies for functional 3D scaffold engineering;
  • Applications of functional scaffolds in surgical treatment procedures.

Prof. Dr. Ryszard Uklejewski
Dr. Mariusz Winiecki
Dr. Mikołaj Dąbrowski
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • functional scaffolds
  • osteoconductive scaffolds
  • osteoinductive scaffolds
  • porous scaffolds
  • bone scaffolding
  • 3D-printed scaffolds
  • drug delivery scaffolds
  • bone regeneration
  • bone and joint surgery

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 9246 KiB  
Article
Fibronectin Functionalization: A Way to Enhance Dynamic Cell Culture on Alginate/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds
by Bianca Zumbo, Benedetta Guagnini, Barbara Medagli, Davide Porrelli and Gianluca Turco
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(8), 222; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15080222 - 10 Aug 2024
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Abstract
Bone defects are a global health concern; bone tissue engineering (BTE) is the most promising alternative to reduce patient morbidity and overcome the inherent drawbacks of autograft and allograft bone. Three-dimensional scaffolds are pivotal in this field due to their potential to provide [...] Read more.
Bone defects are a global health concern; bone tissue engineering (BTE) is the most promising alternative to reduce patient morbidity and overcome the inherent drawbacks of autograft and allograft bone. Three-dimensional scaffolds are pivotal in this field due to their potential to provide structural support and mimic the natural bone microenvironment. Following an already published protocol, a 3D porous structure consisting of alginate and hydroxyapatite was prepared after a gelation step and a freezing-drying step. Despite the frequent use of alginate in tissue regeneration, the biological inertness of this polysaccharide hampers proper cell colonization and proliferation. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to enhance the biological properties by promoting the interaction and adhesion between cells and biomaterial with the use of Fibronectin. This extracellular matrix protein was physically adsorbed on the scaffold, and its presence was evaluated with environmental scanning electron microscopy (eSEM) and the Micro-Bicinchoninic Acid (μBCA) protein assay. The MG-63 cell line was used for both static and dynamic (i.e., in bioreactor) 3D cell culturing on the scaffolds. The use of the bioreactor allowed for a better exchange of nutrients and oxygen and a better removal of cell catabolites from the inner portion of the construct, mimicking the physiological environment. The functionalized scaffolds showed an improvement in cell proliferation and colonization compared to non-functionalized ones; the effect of the addition of Fibronectin was more evident in the dynamic culturing conditions, where the cells clearly adhered on the surface of functionalized scaffolds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Scaffolds for Bone and Joint Surgery)
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19 pages, 4533 KiB  
Article
Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Porous Polymer-Blended Scaffolds Functionalized with Tricalcium Phosphate
by Iwona Pudełko-Prażuch, Mareeswari Balasubramanian, Sundara Moorthi Ganesan, Stanisław Marecik, Kamila Walczak, Kinga Pielichowska, Suvro Chatterjee, Ravichandran Kandaswamy and Elżbieta Pamuła
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(3), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15030057 - 26 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2039
Abstract
Bone tissue is one of the most transplanted tissues. The ageing population and bone diseases are the main causes of the growing need for novel treatments offered by bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, as artificial structures that fulfil certain characteristics, can be [...] Read more.
Bone tissue is one of the most transplanted tissues. The ageing population and bone diseases are the main causes of the growing need for novel treatments offered by bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, as artificial structures that fulfil certain characteristics, can be used as a temporary matrix for bone regeneration. In this study, we aimed to fabricate 3D porous polymer scaffolds functionalized with tricalcium phosphate (TCP) particles for applications in bone tissue regeneration. Different combinations of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG with molecular weight of 600 or 2000 Da) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with TCP were blended by a gel-casting method combined with rapid heating. Porous composite scaffolds with pore sizes from 100 to 1500 µm were obtained. ATR-FTIR, DSC, and wettability tests were performed to study scaffold composition, thermal properties, and hydrophilicity, respectively. The samples were observed with the use of optical and scanning electron microscopes. The addition of PCL to PLA increased the hydrophobicity of the composite scaffolds and reduced their susceptibility to degradation, whereas the addition of PEG increased the hydrophilicity and degradation rates but concomitantly resulted in enhanced creation of rounded mineral deposits. The scaffolds were not cytotoxic according to an indirect test in L929 fibroblasts, and they supported adhesion and growth of MG-63 cells when cultured in direct contact. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Scaffolds for Bone and Joint Surgery)
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Review

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40 pages, 3649 KiB  
Review
Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Materials, Methods, and Future Directions
by Emily Ann Todd, Nicholas A. Mirsky, Bruno Luís Graciliano Silva, Ankita Raja Shinde, Aris R. L. Arakelians, Vasudev Vivekanand Nayak, Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio, Nikhil Gupta, Lukasz Witek and Paulo G. Coelho
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(10), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100280 - 25 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3133
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is a rapidly evolving field aimed at the development of biocompatible materials and devices, such as scaffolds, to treat diseased and damaged osseous tissue. Functional scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide mechanical support at the defect site during the healing [...] Read more.
Bone tissue regeneration is a rapidly evolving field aimed at the development of biocompatible materials and devices, such as scaffolds, to treat diseased and damaged osseous tissue. Functional scaffolds maintain structural integrity and provide mechanical support at the defect site during the healing process, while simultaneously enabling or improving regeneration through amplified cellular cues between the scaffold and native tissues. Ample research on functionalization has been conducted to improve scaffold–host tissue interaction, including fabrication techniques, biomaterial selection, scaffold surface modifications, integration of bioactive molecular additives, and post-processing modifications. Each of these methods plays a crucial role in enabling scaffolds to not only support but actively participate in the healing and regeneration process in bone and joint surgery. This review provides a state-of-the-art, comprehensive overview of the functionalization of scaffold-based strategies used in tissue engineering, specifically for bone regeneration. Critical issues and obstacles are highlighted, applications and advances are described, and future directions are identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Scaffolds for Bone and Joint Surgery)
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