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A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Dental Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2024) | Viewed by 33193

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Dileep Sharma

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School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, The University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW 2258, Australia
Interests: biomaterials; stem cells; tissue engineering; dental implants; periodontal disease; oral cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Poornima Ramamurthy

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Guest Editor

Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
Interests: biomaterials; tissue engineering; dental implants; public health; prevention; oral cancer
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Dr. Kate Miller

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Guest Editor

Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns 4870, Australia
Interests: biomaterials; stem cells; tissue engineering; dental implants; inflammation; immune response
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Stephen Hamlet

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Guest Editor

School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus 4222, Nathan, Australia
Interests: biomaterials; stem cells; tissue engineering; dental implants; inflammation; immune response
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over recent decades, advances in nanotechnology and bioengineering have exponentially increased the range of biomaterials being developed for various applications in the ever evolving field of dentistry. Although newer biomaterials are continually being developed, recent technological developments have resulted in significant improvements in the materials that are already being used in dental clinics including, but not limited to, bioactive glasses, resins, and polymers that are being assessed for future applications in periodontal and regenerative procedures, maxillofacial reconstruction, and implantology.

This Special Issue invites recent studies and comprehensive reviews from the fields of bioengineering, health sciences, material sciences, and basic and clinical sciences which investigate approaches aimed at developing new or improved biomaterials intended for use in restorative and regenerative treatments, including implant therapy. Furthermore, studies around approaches that can enhance osseointegration of dental implants through utilisation of bioactive materials or biomimetic implant surface modifications to modulate early and delayed healing response are also invited.

Prof. Dr. Dileep Sharma
Dr. Poornima Ramamurthy
Dr. Kate Miller
Dr. Stephen Hamlet
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

dental materials
bioengineering
tissue engineering
biomaterials
stem cells
biomimetic
tissue regeneration
dental implants
bone grafts

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Related Special Issue

Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry (2nd Edition) in Journal of Functional Biomaterials

Published Papers (12 papers)

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12 pages, 2940 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Bergenin on Human Gingival Fibroblast Response on Zirconia Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro Study

by John Xiong, Catherine M. Miller and Dileep Sharma

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(9), 474; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14090474 - 15 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1402

Abstract

The poor quality of life associated with the loss of teeth can be improved by the placing of dental implants. However, successful implantation relies on integration with soft tissues or peri-implant inflammatory disease that can lead to the loss of the implant. Pharmacological agents, such as antibiotics and antiseptics, can be used as adjunct therapies to facilitate osseointegration; however, they can have a detrimental effect on cells, and resistance is an issue. Alternative treatments are needed. Hence, this study aimed to examine the safety profile of bergenin (at 2.5 μM and 5 μM), a traditional medicine, towards human gingival fibroblasts cultured on acid-etched zirconia implant surfaces. Cellular responses were analysed using SEM, resazurin assay, and scratch wound healing assay. Qualitative assessment was conducted for morphology (day 1) and attachment (early and delayed), and quantitative evaluation for proliferation (day 1, 3, 5 and 7), and migration (0 h, 6 h and 24 h). The concentrations of bergenin at 2.5 μM and 5 μM did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect with regard to any of the cellular responses (p > 0.05) tested. In conclusion, bergenin is non-cytotoxic and is potentially safe to be used as a local pharmacological agent for the management of peri-implant inflammatory diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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13 pages, 3857 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Dental Titanium Implants with Different Surface Treatments Using Femtosecond and Nanosecond Lasers on Biofilm Formation

by Bo Yun Seo, KeunBaDa Son, Young-Tak Son, Ram Hari Dahal, Shukho Kim, Jungmin Kim, JunHo Hwang, Sung-Min Kwon, Jae-Mok Lee, Kyu-Bok Lee and Jin-Wook Kim

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(6), 297; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14060297 - 26 May 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2354

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of different surface treatments (machined; sandblasted, large grit, and acid-etched (SLA); hydrophilic; and hydrophobic) on dental titanium (Ti) implant surface morphology, roughness, and biofilm formation. Four groups of Ti disks were prepared using distinct surface treatments, including femtosecond and nanosecond lasers for hydrophilic and hydrophobic treatments. Surface morphology, wettability, and roughness were assessed. Biofilm formation was evaluated by counting the colonies of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), and Prevotella intermedia (Pi) at 48 and 72 h. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the groups using the Kruskal–Wallis H test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (α = 0.05). The analysis revealed that the hydrophobic group had the highest surface contact angle and roughness (p < 0.05), whereas the machined group had significantly higher bacterial counts across all biofilms (p < 0.05). At 48 h, the lowest bacterial counts were observed in the SLA group for Aa and the SLA and hydrophobic groups for Pg and Pi. At 72 h, low bacterial counts were observed in the SLA, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic groups. The results indicate that various surface treatments affect implant surface properties, with the hydrophobic surface using femtosecond laser treatment exerting a particularly inhibitory effect on initial biofilm growth (Pg and Pi). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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12 pages, 2227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Titanium Surface Topography on Adherent Macrophage Integrin and Cytokine Expression

by Manju Sofia Pitchai, Deepak Samuel Ipe and Stephen Hamlet

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(4), 211; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040211 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2154

Abstract

Immunomodulatory biomaterials have the potential to stimulate an immune response able to promote constructive and functional tissue remodeling, as opposed to persistent inflammation and scar tissue formation. This study examined the effects of titanium surface modification on integrin expression and concurrent cytokine secretion by adherent macrophages in vitro in an attempt to delineate the molecular events involved in biomaterial-mediated immunomodulation. Non-polarised (M0) and inflammatory polarised (M1) macrophages were cultured on a relatively smooth (machined) titanium surface and two proprietary modified rough titanium surfaces (blasted and fluoride-modified) for 24 h. The physiochemical characteristics of the titanium surfaces were assessed by microscopy and profilometry, while macrophage integrin expression and cytokine secretion were determined using PCR and ELISA, respectively. After 24 h adhesion onto titanium, integrin α1 expression was downregulated in both M0 and M1 cells on all titanium surfaces. Expression of integrins α2, αM, β1 and β2 increased in M0 cells cultured on the machined surface only, whereas in M1 cells, expression of integrins α2, αM and β1 all increased with culture on both the machined and rough titanium surfaces. These results correlated with a cytokine secretory response whereby levels of IL-1β, IL-31 and TNF-α increased significantly in M1 cells cultured on the titanium surfaces. These results show that adherent inflammatory macrophages interact with titanium in a surface-dependent manner such that increased levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-31 secreted by M1 cells were associated with higher expression of integrins α2, αM and β1. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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14 pages, 5162 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Functionalization of a Cortical Membrane with a Photodynamic Protocol

by Tania Vanessa Pierfelice, Emira D’Amico, Simonetta D’Ercole, Stefania Lepore, Adriano Piattelli, Antonio Barone, Giovanna Iezzi and Morena Petrini

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030133 - 27 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1496

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) comprehends the application of membranes to drive bone healing and to exclude non-osteogenic tissues from interfering with bone regeneration. However, the membranes may be exposed to bacterial attack, with the risk of failure of the GBR. Recently, an antibacterial photodynamic protocol (ALAD-PDT) based on a gel with 5% 5-aminolevulinic acid incubated for 45 min and irradiated for 7 min by a LED light at 630 nm, also showed a pro-proliferative effect on human fibroblasts and osteoblasts. The present study hypothesized that the functionalization of a porcine cortical membrane (soft-curved lamina, OsteoBiol) with ALAD-PDT might promote its osteoconductive properties. TEST 1 aimed to verify the response of osteoblasts seeded on lamina with respect to the plate surface (CTRL). TEST 2 aimed to investigate the effects of ALAD-PDT on the osteoblasts cultured on the lamina. SEM analyses were performed to study the topographical characteristics of the membrane surface, the adhesion, and the morphology of cells at 3 days. The viability was assessed at 3 days, the ALP activity at 7 days, and calcium deposition at 14 days. Results showed the porous surface of the lamina and the increase in cell attachment of osteoblasts with respect to controls. The proliferation, the ALP, and bone mineralization activity of osteoblasts seeded on lamina resulted in being significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than controls. Results also showed an additional significative enhancement (p < 0.0001) in the proliferative rate in ALP and calcium deposition after applying ALAD-PDT. In conclusion, the functionalization of the cortical membranes cultured with osteoblasts with the ALAD-PDT improved their osteoconductive properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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15 pages, 3452 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Collagen Membranes Functionalized with 150 Cycles of Atomic Layer Deposited Titania Improve Osteopromotive Property in Critical-Size Defects Created on Rat Calvaria

by Leonardo P. Faverani, Sarah Hashemi Astaneh, Monique Gonçalves da Costa, Leonardo A. Delanora, Tiburtino J. Lima-Neto, Stéfany Barbosa, Maretaningtias Dwi Ariani, Christos Takoudis and Cortino Sukotjo

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030120 - 23 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1681

Abstract

The membranes used in bone reconstructions have been the object of investigation in the field of tissue engineering, seeking to improve their mechanical strength and add other properties, mainly the osteopromotive. This study aimed to evaluate the functionalization of collagen membranes, with atomic layer deposition of TiO₂ on the bone repair of critical defects in rat calvaria and subcutaneous biocompatibility. A total of 39 male rats were randomized into four groups: blood clot (BC), collagen membrane (COL), COL 150—150 cycles of titania, and COL 600—600 cycles of titania. The defects were created in each calvaria (5 mm in diameter) and covered according to each group; the animals were euthanized at 7, 14, and 28 days. The collected samples were assessed by histometric (newly bone formed, soft tissue area, membrane area, and residual linear defect) and histologic (inflammatory cells and blood cells count) analysis. All data were subjected to statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The COL150 group showed statistically significant differences compared to the other groups, mainly in the analysis of residual linear defects (1.5 ± 0.5 × 10⁶ pixels/µm² for COL 150, and around 1 ± 0.5 × 10⁶ pixels/µm² for the other groups) and newly formed bone (1500 ± 1200 pixels/µm for COL 150, and around 4000 pixels/µm for the others) (p < 0.05), demonstrating a better biological behavior in the chronology of defects repair. It is concluded that the collagen membrane functionalized by TiO₂ over 150 cycles showed better bioactive potential in treating critical size defects in the rats’ calvaria. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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25 pages, 28701 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Experimental Anodized Titanium Surface for Transgingival Dental Implant Elements—Preliminary Report

by Jakub Hadzik, Paweł Kubasiewicz-Ross, Tomasz Gębarowski, Natalia Waloszczyk, Artur Maciej, Agnieszka Stolarczyk, Tomasz Gedrange, Marzena Dominiak, Ernest Szajna and Wojciech Simka

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14010034 - 6 Jan 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6018

Abstract

The characteristics such as microtopography, physical and chemical properties influence the behavior of an implant in a soft tissue. Anodization—as a potent method of titanium alloy surface modification—of the transgingival abutment or healing screw, has achieved some improvement. One of the possible surface treatment method is low-pressure radiofrequency oxygen plasma treatment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the chemical properties and cytocompatibility of the experimental surface. Titanium discs made of grade-23 titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) anodized (A sample) with different voltage parameters (28, 67, 78, and 98 V) were included in the study. Half of the samples regarded as the “S” group were additionally treated with low-pressure radiofrequency oxygen plasma treatment. The surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemically investigated via a corrosion test. Furthermore, two cell lines were used, including the CHO-compatible reference line and a primary human fibroblast line for the MTT assay; direct (contact) cytotoxicity of the materials was tested with the cells, and the growth of fibroblasts on the surfaces of the different materials was tested. The morphology of the “S”-treated samples did not differ from the morphology of only-anodized samples. However, the oxygen concentration on the surface in that group slightly increased by about 1% as a result of post-trial treatment. The highest corrosion resistance was observed for both A-78 V and S-78 V samples. The cytotoxicity assay revealed no changes in cell morphology or vitality. The MTT test proved comparable culture viability among all groups; however, the “S” samples showed statistically significantly higher fibroblast proliferation and adhesion scores compared to the “A” samples. Through the in vitro study, the low-pressure radiofrequency oxygen plasma treatment of the anodized Ti-6Al-4V alloy presented itself as an auspicious option in the field of transgingival element surface modification of implants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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16 pages, 3427 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decomposing Organic Molecules on Titanium with Vacuum Ultraviolet Light for Effective and Rapid Photofunctionalization

by Toshikatsu Suzumura, Takanori Matsuura, Keiji Komatsu and Takahiro Ogawa

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14010011 - 23 Dec 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2859

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) photofunctionalization counteracts the biological aging of titanium to increase the bioactivity and osseointegration of titanium implants. However, UV photofunctionalization currently requires long treatment times of between 12 min and 48 h, precluding routine clinical use. Here, we tested the ability of a novel, xenon excimer lamp emitting 172 nm vacuum UV (VUV) to decompose organic molecules coated on titanium as a surrogate of photofunctionalization. Methylene blue as a model organic molecule was coated on grade 4 commercially pure titanium and treated with four UV light sources: (i) ultraviolet C (UVC), (ii) high-energy UVC (HUVC), (iii) proprietary UV (PUV), and (iv) VUV. After one minute of treatment, VUV decomposed 57% of methylene blue compared with 2%, 36%, and 42% for UVC, HUVC, and PUV, respectively. UV dose-dependency testing revealed maximal methylene blue decomposition with VUV within one minute. Equivalent decomposition was observed on grade 5 titanium alloy specimens, and placing titanium specimens in quartz ampoules did not compromise efficacy. Methylene blue was decomposed even on polymethyl methacrylate acrylic specimens at 20–25% lower efficiency than on titanium specimens, indicating a relatively small contribution of titanium dioxide-mediated photocatalytic decomposition to the total decomposition. Load-testing revealed that VUV maintained high efficacy of methylene blue decomposition regardless of the coating density, whereas other UV light sources showed low efficacy with thin coatings and plateauing efficacy with thicker coatings. This study provides foundational data on rapid and efficient VUV-mediated organic decomposition on titanium. In synergy with quartz ampoules used as containers, VUV has the potential to overcome current technical challenges hampering the clinical application of UV photofunctionalization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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17 pages, 3863 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Accuracy and Technical Predictability of Computer Guided Bone Harvesting from the Mandible: A Cone-Beam CT Analysis in 22 Consecutive Patients

by Luca De Stavola, Alessandro Cristoforetti, Andrea Fincato, Giandomenico Nollo, Paolo Ghensi, Anna Cantarutti and Francesco Tessarolo

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040292 - 10 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2072

Abstract

This study assesses the accuracy and technical predictability of a computer-guided procedure for harvesting bone from the external oblique ridge using a patient-specific cutting guide. Twenty-two patients needing bone augmentation for implant placement were subjected to mandibular osteotomy employing a case-specific stereolithographic surgical guide generated through computer aided design. Differences between planned and real cut planes were measured comparing pre- and post-operative Cone Beam Computed Tomography images of the donor site according to six validated angular and displacement indexes. Accuracy and technical predictability were assessed for 119 osteotomy planes over the study population. Three different guide fitting approaches were compared. An average root-mean-square discrepancy of 0.52 (0.30–0.97) mm was detected. The accuracy of apical and medial planes was higher than the mesial and distal planes due to occasional antero-posterior guide shift. Fitting the guide with an extra reference point on the closest tooth performed better than using only the bone surface, with two indexes significantly lower and less disperse. The study showed that the surgical plan was actualized with a 1 mm safety margin, allowing effective nerve preservation and reducing technical variability. When possible, surgical guide design should allow fitting on the closest tooth based on both radiological and/or intra-oral scan data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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10 pages, 1444 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CBCT Evaluation of Sticky Bone in Horizontal Ridge Augmentation with and without Collagen Membrane—A Randomized Parallel Arm Clinical Trial

by Jane Belinda Tony, Harinath Parthasarathy, Anupama Tadepalli, Deepa Ponnaiyan, Ahmed Alamoudi, Mona Awad Kamil, Khalid J. Alzahrani, Khalaf F. Alsharif, Ibrahim F. Halawani, Mrim M. Alnfiai, Lakshmi Ramachandran, Thodur Madapusi Balaji and Shankargouda Patil

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040194 - 19 Oct 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3632

Abstract

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a reliable technique used to treat ridge deficiencies prior or during implant placement. Injectable-platelet rich fibrin (i-PRF) laced with a bone substitute (sticky bone) has heralded the way for advancing the outcomes of bone regeneration. This study evaluated the efficacy of sticky bone in horizontal ridge augmentation with and without collagen membrane. A total of 20 partially edentulous patients (Group-I n = 10; Group-II n = 10) that indicated GBR were included, and the surgical procedure was carried out. In Group-I, the sticky bone and collagen membrane were placed in ridge-deficient sites and Group-II received only sticky bone. At the end of 6 months, 20 patients (Group-I (n = 10); Group-II (n = 10)) completed the follow-up period. A CBCT examination was performed to assess changes in the horizontal ridge width (HRW) and vertical bone height (VBH). A statistically significant increase in HRW (p < 0.05) was observed in both groups with mean gains of 1.35 mm, 1.55 mm, and 1.93 mm at three levels (crest, 3 mm, and 6 mm) in Group-I and 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, and 2.6 mm at three levels in Group-II. The intergroup comparison revealed statistical significance (p < 0.05) with respect to HRW and KTW (Keratinised tissue width) gains of 0.775 at the 6-month follow-up. Sticky-bone (Xenogenic-bone graft + i-PRF) served as a promising biomaterial in achieving better horizontal bone width gain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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6 pages, 445 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Microbiological Effect of Colloidal Nanosilver Solution for Root Canal Treatment

by Svetlana Razumova, Anzhela Brago, Haydar Barakat, Ammar Howijieh, Alexander Senyagin, Dimitriy Serebrov, Zoya Guryeva, Yuliya Kozlova and Elvira Adzhieva

J. Funct. Biomater. 2022, 13(4), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb13040163 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1936

Abstract

Background: The goal of endodontic treatment, along with the preparation of the root canal and giving it a shape corresponding to the obturation technique, is the drug treatment of the canal. The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial effect of a colloidal solution of nanosilver at its various dilutions on root canal microorganism. Materials and methods: A solution of silver nanoparticles at a concentration of 10,000 ppm (1.0%) was diluted in various concentrations (10 solutions from 1% to 0.0025%). Cultures used for research: Str. agalacticae ATCC 3984, E. faecalis ATCC 323, St. aureus ATCC 4785, C. albicans ATCC 10231. After thawing, cultures of microorganisms were introduced into a liquid nutrient medium: cerebral heart broth for bacterial cultures and Sabouraud broth for C. albicans. The cultivation was carried out at a temperature of 37 °C for 24 h. A bacterial suspension for inoculation was prepared from a microbial sediment according to a turbidity standard of 0.5 McFarland in saline. Then, 100 μL of the obtained suspension of microorganisms was inoculated by the “lawn” method using a spatula on the Muller–Hinton medium. Solutions of silver nanoparticles were introduced into wells prepared in agar with a sterile metal punch. Further incubation was carried out for 24 h at 37 °C. Results: colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, 0.5% inhibited the growth of Str. agalacticae ATCC 3984 with a growth retardation zone of 6–7 mm. The E. faecalis ATCC 29212 strain was sensitive to solutions of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, 0.5% with a growth inhibition zone of 6–7 mm. Strain St. aureus 4785 demonstrated sensitivity to solutions of silver nanoparticles at concentrations of 1%, 0.75%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05% with a growth retardation zone of 6-8 mm. Conclusion: colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial action against gram-positive bacteria (Str.agalacticae ATCC 3984, St. aureus ATCC 4785, E. faecalis ATCC 29212) and yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. albicans 672 and C. albicans D-225M), but this action is strain-specific and depends on the concentration of the solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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16 pages, 1784 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Microbiological and Clinical Assessments of Suture Materials and Cyanoacrylate Application in Impacted Third Molar Surgeries: A Scoping Review

by Andrea Scribante, Martina Ghizzoni, Matteo Pellegrini, Pier Paolo Poli, Carlo Maiorana and Francesco Spadari

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(10), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14100529 - 20 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2457

Abstract

The extraction of impacted third molars is a common but potentially complication-prone oral surgical procedure. Wound healing plays a vital role in preventing complications. This scoping review aimed to assess the clinical and microbiological aspects of various suture materials and cyanoacrylates. Unlike existing studies, we included more articles and comprehensively compared suture materials. Articles published in languages other than English; duplicate studies; studies deemed irrelevant for the specific research questions, including those analyzing different supplementary treatments or not corresponding to the abstract’s content; ex vivo or experimental animal studies; studies lacking approval from an ethics committee; and narrative reviews, systematic reviews, or systematic and meta-analysis reviews were excluded. Thus, only 17 studies, published between 2000 and 2023, were included in the search. Suture techniques varied among surgeons, with debates on primary and secondary closure methods. A comparison of different suture materials and their effects on wound healing, infection rates, and other factors was described. Cyanoacrylate has also been used as an alternative to traditional sutures. Microbiological analysis showed varying bacterial adhesion based on the suture material, with silk sutures retaining more microbes than PTFE sutures. Clinical assessments have revealed differing inflammatory responses that affect wound healing and complications. Cyanoacrylate has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional sutures, owing to its rapid polymerization and early healing. However, the choice of suture material in impacted third molar surgery remains controversial, considering microbiological factors and clinical outcomes. More extensive randomized clinical trials are required to better understand the effect of suture materials on surgical outcomes and potential improvements. This study could enhance the safety and effectiveness of this common oral surgical procedure. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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22 pages, 3202 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Localized Ionic Microenvironment in Bone Modelling/Remodelling: A Potential Guide for the Design of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

by Yuqing Mu, Zhibin Du, Lan Xiao, Wendong Gao, Ross Crawford and Yin Xiao

J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14020056 - 19 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2955

Abstract

Bone is capable of adjusting size, shape, and quality to maintain its strength, toughness, and stiffness and to meet different needs of the body through continuous remodeling. The balance of bone homeostasis is orchestrated by interactions among different types of cells (mainly osteoblasts and osteoclasts), extracellular matrix, the surrounding biological milieus, and waste products from cell metabolisms. Inorganic ions liberated into the localized microenvironment during bone matrix degradation not only form apatite crystals as components or enter blood circulation to meet other bodily needs but also alter cellular activities as molecular modulators. The osteoinductive potential of inorganic motifs of bone has been gradually understood since the last century. Still, few have considered the naturally generated ionic microenvironment’s biological roles in bone remodeling. It is believed that a better understanding of the naturally balanced ionic microenvironment during bone remodeling can facilitate future biomaterial design for bone tissue engineering in terms of the modulatory roles of the ionic environment in the regenerative process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials and Bioengineering in Dentistry)

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