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Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves
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Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Oceanography".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2019) | Viewed by 27647

Special Issue Editors

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hans Bihs

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NTNU Trondheim, Norway
Interests: development of REEF3D; computational fluid dynamics (CFD); wave hydrodynamics; wave modeling; wave–structure interaction; floating body dynamics; ocean wave energy; aquaculture hydrodynamics; sediment transport; open channel flow; turbulence; sloshing; high performance computing (HPC)
Dr. Arun Kamath

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, NTNU Trondheim, Norway
Interests: CFD modelling; regular and irregular wave kinematics; generation and propagation; non-breaking and breaking wave hydrodynamics; wave energy; floating bodies on waves; coastal engineering and management; high performance computing (HPC)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in computational methods and computing infrastructure have made it possible to develop high-resolution models to represent ocean surface waves. Several new modelling approaches have been developed that have greatly advanced the understanding of the different large- and local-scale phenomena in the field of ocean surface waves. Computational Fluid Dynamics can resolve the different processes in wind-wave generation, momentum transfer, coupled interaction, wave breaking and extreme wave interaction. This covers many aspects in mathematics, physical science and engineering to obtain a better understanding of wave generation and extreme events in the ocean, improving the modelling of these events at different scales to obtain new insights into the important physical processes in the ocean environment. This Special Issue aims to publish the most relevant advanced methods and models for ocean wave modelling including the different topics in met-ocean research, free surface wave modelling and wave hydrodynamics. 

High quality papers are encouraged, directly related to various aspects, as mentioned below. Novel approaches, methods and techniques are encouraged.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Hans Bihs
Dr. Arun Kamath
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • computational fluid dynamics
  • breaking waves
  • wave-current interaction
  • wind-wave interaction
  • non-linear wave transformations
  • physical oceanography
  • free surface turbulence
  • wave generation
  • extreme waves

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 68254 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Focusing Wave Properties in a Numerical Wave Tank with a Fully Nonlinear Potential Flow Model
by Weizhi Wang, Arun Kamath, Csaba Pakozdi and Hans Bihs
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(10), 375; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100375 - 21 Oct 2019
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4449
Abstract
Nonlinear wave interactions and superpositions among the different wave components and wave groups in a random sea sometimes produce rogue waves with extremely large wave heights that appear unexpectedly. A good understanding of the generation and evolution of such extreme wave events is [...] Read more.
Nonlinear wave interactions and superpositions among the different wave components and wave groups in a random sea sometimes produce rogue waves with extremely large wave heights that appear unexpectedly. A good understanding of the generation and evolution of such extreme wave events is of great importance for the analysis of wave forces on marine structures. A fully nonlinear potential flow (FNPF) model is proposed in the presented paper to investigate the different factors that influence the wave focusing location, focusing time and focusing wave height in a numerical wave tank. Those factors include wave steepness, spectrum bandwidth, wave generation method, focused wave spectrum, and wave spreading functions. The proposed model solves the Laplace equation together with the boundary conditions on a σ -coordinate grid using high-order discretisation schemes on a fully parallel computational framework. The model is validated against the focused wave experiments and thereafter used to obtain insights into the effects of the different factors. It is found that the wave steepness contributes to changing the location and time of focus significantly. Spectrum bandwidth and directional spreading affect the focusing wave height and profile, for example, a wider bandwidth and a wider directional spread lead to a lower focusing wave height. A Neumann boundary condition represents the nonlinearity of the wave groups better than a relaxation method for wave generation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves)
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16 pages, 4429 KiB  
Article
Effect of Girder Spacing and Depth on the Solitary Wave Impact on Coastal Bridge Deck for Different Airgaps
by Rameeza Moideen, Manasa Ranjan Behera, Arun Kamath and Hans Bihs
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(5), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050140 - 11 May 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4145
Abstract
Coastal bridge damage has become a severe issue of concern in the recent past with the destruction of a considerable number of bridges under the impact of waves during tsunami and storm surges. These events have become more frequent, with waves reaching the [...] Read more.
Coastal bridge damage has become a severe issue of concern in the recent past with the destruction of a considerable number of bridges under the impact of waves during tsunami and storm surges. These events have become more frequent, with waves reaching the bridge deck and causing upliftment and destruction. Past studies have demonstrated the establishment of various theoretical equations which works well for the submerged deck and regular wave types but show much scatter and uncertainty in case of a deck that is above still water level (SWL). The present study aims to generate a solitary wave to represent an extreme wave condition like a tsunami in the numerical wave tank modeled using the open source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model REEF3D and to study the vertical impact force on the coastal bridge deck. A parametric study is carried out for increasing wave heights, girders spacing and depth for varying airgaps to analyze the effect of these parameters on the peak vertical impact force. It is observed that increasing the girder spacing and girder depth is effective in reducing the peak vertical impact force for the cases considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves)
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45 pages, 3410 KiB  
Article
On the Assessment of Numerical Wave Makers in CFD Simulations
by Christian Windt, Josh Davidson, Pál Schmitt and John V. Ringwood
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020047 - 13 Feb 2019
Cited by 87 | Viewed by 7332
Abstract
A fully non-linear numerical wave tank (NWT), based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), provides a useful tool for the analysis of coastal and offshore engineering problems. To generate and absorb free surface waves within a NWT, a variety of numerical wave maker (NWM) [...] Read more.
A fully non-linear numerical wave tank (NWT), based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), provides a useful tool for the analysis of coastal and offshore engineering problems. To generate and absorb free surface waves within a NWT, a variety of numerical wave maker (NWM) methodologies have been suggested in the literature. Therefore, when setting up a CFD-based NWT, the user is faced with the task of selecting the most appropriate NWM, which should be driven by a rigorous assessment of the available methods. To provide a consistent framework for the quantitative assessment of different NWMs, this paper presents a suite of metrics and methodologies, considering three key performance parameters: accuracy, computational requirements and available features. An illustrative example is presented to exemplify the proposed evaluation metrics, applied to the main NWMs available for the open source CFD software, OpenFOAM. The considered NWMs are found to reproduce waves with an accuracy comparable to real wave makers in physical wave tank experiments. However, the paper shows that significant differences are found between the various NWMs, and no single method performed best in all aspects of the assessment across the different test cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves)
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17 pages, 10873 KiB  
Article
Experimental Validation of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics on Generation and Propagation of Water Waves
by Andi Trimulyono and Hirotada Hashimoto
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7010017 - 18 Jan 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4730
Abstract
This paper is aimed to validate smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) on the generation and propagation of water waves. It is a classical problem in marine engineering but a still important problem because there is a strong demand to generate intended nonlinear water waves [...] Read more.
This paper is aimed to validate smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) on the generation and propagation of water waves. It is a classical problem in marine engineering but a still important problem because there is a strong demand to generate intended nonlinear water waves and to predict complicated interactions between nonlinear water waves and fixed/floating bodies, which is indispensable for further ocean utilization and development. A dedicated experiment was conducted in a large wave basin of Kobe University equipped with a piston-type wavemaker, at three water depths using several amplitudes and periods of piston motion for the validation of SPH mainly on the long-distance propagation of water waves. An SPH-based two-dimensional numerical wave tank (NWT) is used for numerical simulation and is accelerated by a graphics processing units (GPU), assuming future applications to realistic engineering problems. In addition, comparison of large-deformation of shallow water waves, when passing over a fixed box-shape obstacle, is also investigated to discuss the applicability to wave-structure interaction problems. Finally, an SPH-based three-dimensional NWT is also validated by comparing with an experiment and two-dimensional simulation. Through these validation studies, detailed discussion on the accuracy of SPH simulation of water waves is made as well as providing a recommended set of SPH parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves)
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23 pages, 2424 KiB  
Article
Free Surface Reconstruction for Phase Accurate Irregular Wave Generation
by Ankit Aggarwal, Csaba Pákozdi, Hans Bihs, Dag Myrhaug and Mayilvahanan Alagan Chella
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2018, 6(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6030105 - 13 Sep 2018
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5881
Abstract
The experimental wave paddle signal is unknown to the numerical modellers in many cases. This makes it quite challenging to numerically reproduce the time history of free surface elevation for irregular waves. In the present work, a numerical investigation is performed using a [...] Read more.
The experimental wave paddle signal is unknown to the numerical modellers in many cases. This makes it quite challenging to numerically reproduce the time history of free surface elevation for irregular waves. In the present work, a numerical investigation is performed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based model to validate and investigate a non-iterative free surface reconstruction technique for irregular waves. In the current approach, the free surface is reconstructed by spectrally composing the irregular wave train as a summation of the harmonic components coupled with the Dirichlet inlet boundary condition. The verification is performed by comparing the numerically reconstructed free surface elevation with theoretical input waves. The applicability of the present approach to generate irregular waves by reconstructing the free surface is investigated for different coastal and marine engineering problems. A numerical analysis is performed to validate the free surface reconstruction approach to generate breaking irregular waves over a submerged bar. The wave amplitudes, wave frequencies and wave phases are modelled with good accuracy in the time-domain during the higher-order energy transfers and complex processes like wave shoaling, wave breaking and wave decomposition. The present approach to generate irregular waves is also employed to model steep irregular waves in deep water. The free surface reconstruction method is able to simulate the irregular free surface profiles in deep water with low root mean square errors and high correlation coefficients. Furthermore, the irregular wave forces on a monopile are investigated in the time-domain. The amplitudes and phases of the force signal under irregular waves generated by using the current technique are modelled accurately in the time-domain. The proposed approach to numerically reproduce the free surface elevation in the time-domain provides promising and accurate results for all the benchmark cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Fluid Dynamics for Ocean Surface Waves)
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