Novel Techniques and Instruments for the Estimation of the Sea-Wave Directional Spectrum

Dear Colleagues,

In non-trivial sea states, wind-generated wave energy may propagate differently than the wind direction. In the past, to obtain information on wave directionality, extensive data acquisition techniques were developed through the application of different types of instruments (e.g., buoys and wave probe arrays). Each of these acquisition techniques has both merits and limitations, and they have been used to obtain important information on wind waves. Their directionality is indeed extremely significant for the design of marine systems, such as ships and ocean structures, and for a comprehensive understanding of the energy exchanges across the air–sea interface. Today, the technological advancement of instruments such as radars, stereo-imaging, polarimetric cameras, and others allows the direct analysis of oceanic waves (from satellites, platforms, or vessels) in both their spatial and temporal aspects. As a consequence, the wave frequency–wavenumber relationship can now be studied without decoupling, opening new, interesting research opportunities. For example, the direct estimation of spatiotemporal wave fields has seen applications in the study of the bimodality of the directional spectrum, the detection of rogue waves, the estimation of sea surface currents, observation of breaking ocean waves, and more.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to collect original research articles and reviews focused both on remote sensing and in situ technologies and methodologies to estimate the directional sea wave fields and their applications. Topics of interest include but are not limited to the following:

• Wave field analysis via remote imaging;
• Sea surface elevation maps from radars;
• Sea-wave spectra from satellite imagery;
• Polarimetric imaging;
• Wave mechanics and sea surface dynamics;
• Data fusion and signal processing;
• Statistical and probabilistic methods;
• Assessment of wave models;
• Nonlinear wave interactions.

Prof. Dr. Filippo Bergamasco
Dr. Alvise Benetazzo
Guest Editors

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• Directional wave spectrum
• Ocean wave observations
• Wind-wave modeling
• Sea technology
• Wave mechanics