Antifungal Immune Responses against Invasive Mycoses

A special issue of Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X). This special issue belongs to the section "Fungal Pathogenesis and Disease Control".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2022) | Viewed by 9349

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Interests: microbial pathogenesis; Histoplasma; Candida; Cryptococcus; Paracoccidioides; extracellular fungal vesicles; novel therapeutics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
Interests: mycology; extracellular vesicles; host–patogen interaction; immunology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Less than 1% of fungal species are able to cause disease in humans and other endothermic animals, as opposed to the hundreds of thousands of characterized and millions of expected species in this Kingdom. While invasive fungi have evolved to evade host defense mechanisms, host immunity has developed to protect the host against the arsenal of fungal virulence factors and disease-promoting mechanisms. This Special Issue in the Journal of Fungi focuses on the strategies employed by host immune systems to deal with invasive fungal organisms. Barriers that isolate the host from the environment, as well as cellular and humoral components of the host immune response to encountering fungi or their reactions after the onset of disease, and the challenges for the development of an antifungal vaccine, among other themes, will be addressed in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Joshua D Nosanchuk
Prof. Dr. Daniel Zamith Miranda
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • microbial pathogenesis
  • host–pathogen interactions
  • immune response
  • invasive mycoses
  • fungi
  • yeast
  • hyphae

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 602 KiB  
Article
Targeted NGS-Based Analysis of Pneumocystis jirovecii Reveals Novel Genotypes
by Dora Pungan, Taylor Eddens, Kejing Song, Meredith A. Lakey, Nicolle S. Crovetto, Simran K. Arora, Shahid Husain and Jay K. Kolls
J. Fungi 2022, 8(8), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8080863 - 17 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an important etiological agent of pneumonia that is underdiagnosed due to the inability to culture the organism. The 2019 PERCH study identified Pneumocystis as the top fungal cause of pneumonia in HIV-negative children using a PCR cutoff of 104 [...] Read more.
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an important etiological agent of pneumonia that is underdiagnosed due to the inability to culture the organism. The 2019 PERCH study identified Pneumocystis as the top fungal cause of pneumonia in HIV-negative children using a PCR cutoff of 104 copies of Pneumocystis per mL of sample in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) specimens. Given that Pneumocystis consists of an environmental ascus form and a trophic from (the latter is the form that attaches to the lung epithelium), it is possible that life-form-specific molecular assays may be useful for diagnosis. However, to accomplish this goal, these assays require genotypic information, as the current fungal genomic data are largely from the US and Europe. To genotype Pneumocystis across the globe, we developed an NGS-based genotyping assay focused on genes expressed in asci as well as trophs using PERCH throat swabs from Africa, Bangladesh, and Thailand, as well as North American samples. The NGS panel reliably detected 21 fungal targets in these samples and revealed unique genotypes in genes expressed in trophs, including Meu10, an ascospore assembly gene; two in mitochondrial gene ATP8, and the intergenic region between COX1 and ATP8. This assay can be used for enhanced Pneumocystis epidemiology to study outbreaks but also permits more accurate RT-CPR- or CRISPR-based assays to be performed to improve the non-bronchoscopic diagnosis of this under-reported fungal pathogen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Immune Responses against Invasive Mycoses)
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Review

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20 pages, 2086 KiB  
Review
Talaromyces marneffei Infection: Virulence, Intracellular Lifestyle and Host Defense Mechanisms
by Kritsada Pruksaphon, Joshua D. Nosanchuk, Kavi Ratanabanangkoon and Sirida Youngchim
J. Fungi 2022, 8(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8020200 - 19 Feb 2022
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 6451
Abstract
Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) is an opportunistic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. Similar to other major causes of systemic mycoses, the extent of disease and outcomes are the results of complex interactions between this opportunistic human pathogen [...] Read more.
Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis) is an opportunistic mycosis caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei. Similar to other major causes of systemic mycoses, the extent of disease and outcomes are the results of complex interactions between this opportunistic human pathogen and a host’s immune response. This review will highlight the current knowledge regarding the dynamic interaction between T. marneffei and mammalian hosts, particularly highlighting important aspects of virulence factors, intracellular lifestyle and the mechanisms of immune defense as well as the strategies of the pathogen for manipulating and evading host immune cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antifungal Immune Responses against Invasive Mycoses)
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