Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: What's New

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Methodology, Drug and Device Discovery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 9484

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
Interests: liposomes; nanoparticles; nanomedicine; drug delivery; microencapsulation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I am honored to serve as a Guest Editor for this Special Issue of the Journal of Personalized Medicine entitled “Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: What's New”. Despite the significant progress achieved in the field of personalized cancer nanomedicine, the gap is still wide between preclinical research and clinical application. In addition, the potential of discovering several milestone pathways in the battle against cancer, including the inhibition of PD-1 and CTLA-4 by immune checkpoint inhibitors, CRIPR/Cas9 gene editing machinery, and novel tumor targeting approaches, is expected to be fully unleashed when these advanced therapeutics are combined with the clinical application of personalized nanomedicine. Several barriers that slow down the translation of nanomedicine-based research to the clinic need to be rationally discussed and investigated. Research in this field should not only focus on developing new and ‘smarter’ therapeutics, but also should extend to developing new ex vivo and in vivo cancer models, utilizing techniques such as 3D printing and bioprinting, and high-throughput screening, genotyping, and sequencing, to accurately represent patient-to-patient tumor heterogeneity and individual variability. Advances in nanomedicine application should not only be restricted to cancer therapy, but also extend to imaging and diagnostics. In this new Special Issue, we welcome review or research articles on novel trends in personalized cancer nanomedicine, especially when combined with new treatment venues with small molecules, macromolecules, and gene therapy, state-of-the-art technologies such as 3D bioprinting, and advanced theranostics.

Dr. Youssef W. Naguib
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • nanomedicine
  • enhanced permeation and retention
  • theranostics
  • controlled release
  • combination therapy
  • gene therapy
  • CRISPR/Cas9
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • 3D printing
  • liposomes
  • nanoparticles
  • smart polymers
  • tumor targeting

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Review

27 pages, 1883 KiB  
Review
Advances in mRNA LNP-Based Cancer Vaccines: Mechanisms, Formulation Aspects, Challenges, and Future Directions
by Eslam Ramadan, Ali Ahmed and Youssef Wahib Naguib
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(11), 1092; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14111092 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 963
Abstract
After the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary technology in immunization and vaccination. These vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy against the virus and opened up avenues for their possible application in other diseases. This has renewed interest and investment in [...] Read more.
After the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA-based vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary technology in immunization and vaccination. These vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy against the virus and opened up avenues for their possible application in other diseases. This has renewed interest and investment in mRNA vaccine research and development, attracting the scientific community to explore all its other applications beyond infectious diseases. Recently, researchers have focused on the possibility of adapting this vaccination approach to cancer immunotherapy. While there is a huge potential, challenges still remain in the design and optimization of the synthetic mRNA molecules and the lipid nanoparticle delivery system required to ensure the adequate elicitation of the immune response and the successful eradication of tumors. This review points out the basic mechanisms of mRNA-LNP vaccines in cancer immunotherapy and recent approaches in mRNA vaccine design. This review displays the current mRNA modifications and lipid nanoparticle components and how these factors affect vaccine efficacy. Furthermore, this review discusses the future directions and clinical applications of mRNA-LNP vaccines in cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: What's New)
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18 pages, 2135 KiB  
Review
Emerging Applications of Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer
by Josephine B. Oehler, Weranga Rajapaksha and Hugo Albrecht
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(7), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14070723 - 4 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3634
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, driving the urgent need for innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the pivotal role of nanoparticles in revolutionizing breast cancer management through advancements of interconnected approaches including targeted therapy, imaging, [...] Read more.
Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, driving the urgent need for innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment. This review highlights the pivotal role of nanoparticles in revolutionizing breast cancer management through advancements of interconnected approaches including targeted therapy, imaging, and personalized medicine. Nanoparticles, with their unique physicochemical properties, have shown significant promise in addressing current treatment limitations such as drug resistance and nonspecific systemic distribution. Applications range from enhancing drug delivery systems for targeted and sustained release to developing innovative diagnostic tools for early and precise detection of metastases. Moreover, the integration of nanoparticles into photothermal therapy and their synergistic use with existing treatments, such as immunotherapy, illustrate their transformative potential in cancer care. However, the journey towards clinical adoption is fraught with challenges, including the chemical feasibility, biodistribution, efficacy, safety concerns, scalability, and regulatory hurdles. This review delves into the current state of nanoparticle research, their applications in breast cancer therapy and diagnosis, and the obstacles that must be overcome for clinical integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: What's New)
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23 pages, 4335 KiB  
Review
Inhibitors of Immune Checkpoints: Small Molecule- and Peptide-Based Approaches
by Natalie Fuchs, Longfei Zhang, Laura Calvo-Barreiro, Katarzyna Kuncewicz and Moustafa Gabr
J. Pers. Med. 2024, 14(1), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm14010068 - 4 Jan 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4307
Abstract
The revolutionary progress in cancer immunotherapy, particularly the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, marks a significant milestone in the fight against malignancies. However, the majority of clinically employed immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with several limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability [...] Read more.
The revolutionary progress in cancer immunotherapy, particularly the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors, marks a significant milestone in the fight against malignancies. However, the majority of clinically employed immune checkpoint inhibitors are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with several limitations, such as poor oral bioavailability and immune-related adverse effects (irAEs). Another major limitation is the restriction of the efficacy of mAbs to a subset of cancer patients, which triggered extensive research efforts to identify alternative approaches in targeting immune checkpoints aiming to overcome the restricted efficacy of mAbs. This comprehensive review aims to explore the cutting-edge developments in targeting immune checkpoints, focusing on both small molecule- and peptide-based approaches. By delving into drug discovery platforms, we provide insights into the diverse strategies employed to identify and optimize small molecules and peptides as inhibitors of immune checkpoints. In addition, we discuss recent advances in nanomaterials as drug carriers, providing a basis for the development of small molecule- and peptide-based platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Ongoing research focused on the discovery of small molecules and peptide-inspired agents targeting immune checkpoints paves the way for developing orally bioavailable agents as the next-generation cancer immunotherapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomedicine in Cancer Therapy: What's New)
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