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MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment
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MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Personalized Medicine (ISSN 2075-4426). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanisms of Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2023) | Viewed by 14278

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Radosław Mlak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Body Composition Research Laboratory in the Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland
Interests: molecular biology; genetics; epigenetics; cancer; chemotherapy; radiotherapy; targeted therapies; immunotherapy; biomarkers; predictive factors; prognostic factors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the last decade, miRNAs have become one of the most promising biomarkers in cancer.  Numerous studies have shown that these short RNA sequences play a crucial role in the neoplastic process, including cell death regulation, proliferation, signalling, and the formation of metastasis. On the basis of changes in the level of miRNA expression, the detection and differentiation of many pathological conditions, including the development of cancer, are possible. Moreover, miRNAs have been indicated as markers of metastasis, treatment outcome predictors (chemosensitivity, radiosensitivity), and prognostic factors in nearly all types of cancers. Every day scientists all over the world conduct research focused on miRNA's role in cancer and provide us with new exciting results. However, many questions remain unanswered. What is the best strategy to search for miRNAs with the highest predictive value? How many promising results have been validated so far and have the previous results been confirmed? How far are we from using individual miRNAs or complete miRNA profiles in routine clinical practice? With your help, we aim to answer these and many other questions in this Special Issue, entitled MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Research articles and comprehensive reviews are welcome in this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Radosław Mlak
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Personalized Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • miRNA
  • cancer
  • biomarker
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • prediction
  • prognosis

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

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16 pages, 644 KiB  
Review
Three Pathways of Cancer Cachexia: Inflammation, Changes in Adipose Tissue and Loss of Muscle Mass—The Role of miRNAs
by Iwona Homa-Mlak, Dominika Pigoń-Zając, Paweł Wawrejko, Teresa Małecka-Massalska and Radosław Mlak
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1438; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091438 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2419
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, cancers, along with over 18 million new cases and over 9.5 million deaths remained one of the main causes of mortality globally. Cancer-cachexia, also called wasting syndrome is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive [...] Read more.
According to the World Health Organization, in 2018, cancers, along with over 18 million new cases and over 9.5 million deaths remained one of the main causes of mortality globally. Cancer-cachexia, also called wasting syndrome is a complex, multifactorial disorder characterized by progressive skeletal muscle mass loss, with or without adipose tissue atrophy. It is considered as a state of cancer-related malnutrition (CRM) accompanied by inflammation, that is irreversible despite the introduction of nutritional support. Indication of markers of pre-cachectic state seems to be urgently needed. Moreover, such markers have also potential to be used in the assessment of the effects of anti-cachexia treatment, and prognosis. miRNAs are non-coding RNA molecules that are about 20–30 nucleotides long. Single miRNA has the potential to control from few dozen to several hundred different genes. Despite the fact, that the number of miRNAs keep growing. we are making steady progress in establishing regulatory targets and their physiological levels. In this review we described the current knowledge on the impact of miRNAs on processes involved in cancer cachexia development: inflammation, adipose tissue remodelling, and loss of muscle mass both in animal models and the human cohorts. The available studies suggest that miRNAs, due to their properties, e.g., the possibility of regulating even hundreds of different genes, signalling pathways, and biological processes by one molecule, but also due their stability in biological material, the fact, that the change in their level reflects the disease status or the response to the applied treatment, they have great potential to be used as valuable biomarkers in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancer cachexia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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13 pages, 578 KiB  
Review
MiRNA as a Potential Target for Multiple Myeloma Therapy–Current Knowledge and Perspectives
by Aneta Szudy-Szczyrek, Sean Ahern, Janusz Krawczyk, Michał Szczyrek and Marek Hus
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(9), 1428; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12091428 - 31 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2350
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite the huge therapeutic progress thanks to the introduction of novel therapies, MM remains an incurable disease. Extensive research is currently ongoing to find new options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules [...] Read more.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite the huge therapeutic progress thanks to the introduction of novel therapies, MM remains an incurable disease. Extensive research is currently ongoing to find new options. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level. Aberrant expression of miRNAs in MM is common. Depending on their role in MM development, miRNAs have been reported as oncogenes and tumor suppressors. It was demonstrated that specific miRNA alterations using miRNA mimics or antagomirs can normalize the gene regulatory network and signaling pathways in the microenvironment and MM cells. These properties make miRNAs attractive targets in anti-myeloma therapy. However, only a few miRNA-based drugs have been entered into clinical trials. In this review, we discuss the role of the miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MM, their current status in preclinical/clinical trials, and the mechanisms by which miRNAs can theoretically achieve therapeutic benefit in MM treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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22 pages, 3051 KiB  
Review
MicroRNAs as Regulators of Cancer Cell Energy Metabolism
by Natarajaseenivasan Suriya Muthukumaran, Prema Velusamy, Charles Solomon Akino Mercy, Dianne Langford, Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan and Santhanam Shanmughapriya
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081329 - 18 Aug 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3178
Abstract
To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was [...] Read more.
To adapt to the tumor environment or to escape chemotherapy, cancer cells rapidly reprogram their metabolism. The hallmark biochemical phenotype of cancer cells is the shift in metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis. It was thought that this metabolic shift to glycolysis alone was sufficient for cancer cells to meet their heightened energy and metabolic demands for proliferation and survival. Recent studies, however, show that cancer cells rely on glutamine, lipid, and mitochondrial metabolism for energy. Oncogenes and scavenging pathways control many of these metabolic changes, and several metabolic and tumorigenic pathways are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNA (miRNAs). Genes that are directly or indirectly responsible for energy production in cells are either negatively or positively regulated by miRNAs. Therefore, some miRNAs play an oncogenic role by regulating the metabolic shift that occurs in cancer cells. Additionally, miRNAs can regulate mitochondrial calcium stores and energy metabolism, thus promoting cancer cell survival, cell growth, and metastasis. In the electron transport chain (ETC), miRNAs enhance the activity of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) and cytochrome c, and these apoptosome proteins are directed towards the ETC rather than to the apoptotic pathway. This review will highlight how miRNAs regulate the enzymes, signaling pathways, and transcription factors of cancer cell metabolism and mitochondrial calcium import/export pathways. The review will also focus on the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells to promote survival, proliferation, growth, and metastasis with an emphasis on the therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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20 pages, 1006 KiB  
Review
The Role of the Selected miRNAs as Diagnostic, Predictive and Prognostic Markers in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
by Michał Szczyrek, Paulina Bitkowska, Marta Jutrzenka and Janusz Milanowski
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(8), 1227; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081227 - 27 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2309
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, overtaking colon, breast, and prostate cancer-related deaths. Due to the limited diagnostic possibilities, it is often diagnosed after it has reached an advanced stage. The delayed diagnosis significantly worsens the patient’s prognosis. In [...] Read more.
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, overtaking colon, breast, and prostate cancer-related deaths. Due to the limited diagnostic possibilities, it is often diagnosed after it has reached an advanced stage. The delayed diagnosis significantly worsens the patient’s prognosis. In recent years, we have observed an increased interest in the use of microRNAs (miRNAs) as diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic markers in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The abnormal expression levels of the miRNAs could be used to detect NSCLC in its early stages while it is still asymptomatic. This could drastically improve the clinical outcome. Furthermore, some miRNAs could serve as promising predictive and prognostic factors for NSCLC. Some of the currently available studies have shown a correlation between the miRNAs’ levels and the sensitivity of tumour cells to different treatment regimens. Analysing and modulating the miRNAs’ expression could be a way to predict and improve the treatment’s outcome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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Other

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17 pages, 1388 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Importance of SNPs at miRNA Binding Sites as Biomarkers of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review
by Fatemeh Hajibabaie, Navid Abedpoor, Nazanin Assareh, Mohammad Amin Tabatabaiefar, Laleh Shariati and Ali Zarrabi
J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12(3), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12030456 - 14 Mar 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3309
Abstract
Dysregulated mRNA–miRNA profiles might have the prospective to be used for early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers, estimating survival, and predicting response to treatment. Here, a novel biomarker based on miRNAs binding to mRNAs in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites related to gastrointestinal cancers [...] Read more.
Dysregulated mRNA–miRNA profiles might have the prospective to be used for early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers, estimating survival, and predicting response to treatment. Here, a novel biomarker based on miRNAs binding to mRNAs in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites related to gastrointestinal cancers is introduced that could act as an early diagnosis. The electronic databases used for the recruiting published articles included EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed, based on MESH keywords and PRISMA methodology. Based on the considered criteria, different experimental articles were reviewed, during which 15 studies with the desired criteria were collected. Accordingly, novel biomarkers in prediction, early prognosis, and diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers were highlighted. Moreover, it was found that 20 SNP sites and 16 miRNAs were involved in gastrointestinal cancers, with altered expression patterns associated with clinicopathological and demographic data. The results of this systematic study revealed that SNPs could affect the binding of miRNAs in the SNP sites that might play a principal role in the progression, invasion, and susceptibility of gastrointestinal cancers. In addition, it was found that the profiles of SNPs and miRNAs could serve as a convenient approach for the prognosis and diagnosis of gastric and colorectal cancers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MiRNA Targets in Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment)
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