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Life
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Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function
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Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 26 May 2025 | Viewed by 7117

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Duca

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Sport, Exercise, Recreation, and Kinesiology, Clemmer College, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
Interests: resistance training; football; track and field; sprint; strength and conditioning
Dr. Athos Trecroci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
Interests: training and testing; football; team sports; strength and conditioning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to introduce the Special Issue titled "Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function", dedicated to advancing our understanding of the impacts of exercise, with a focus on resistance training and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), on muscle function in sports and trained individuals.

Exercise training has emerged as a vital tool in optimizing athletic performance and overall fitness. This Special Issue seeks to unravel the intricate mechanisms underlying how these training modalities influence muscle function at various levels.

Resistance training, characterized by progressively challenging muscular contractions, has shown the capacity to induce muscle hypertrophy, enhance strength, and improve functional abilities. Similarly, HIIT, involving brief bursts of intense exercise followed by recovery periods, has gained attention for its potential to boost cardiovascular fitness and metabolic efficiency, potentially affecting muscle fibre composition.

Through a collection of research articles and reviews, this Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of the effects of resistance training and HIIT on muscle function. We invite submissions elucidating the molecular, cellular, and physiological adaptations that drive these improvements. Additionally, we encourage investigations into their integration within sports training and protocols, as well as potential synergies between these modalities.

This Special Issue serves as a platform to enrich our understanding of how exercise training influences muscle function, providing invaluable insights for both practitioners and researchers.

Together, let us bridge the gap between theory and practice, fostering a deeper comprehension of how these training modalities can optimize muscle function and ultimately elevate physical performance.

Dr. Marco Duca
Dr. Athos Trecroci
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exercise
  • training
  • muscle function
  • resistance training
  • HIIT

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 961 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors Involved in Postural Disorders in Children and Adolescents
by Dalia Dop, Vlad Pădureanu, Rodica Pădureanu, Stefan-Adrian Niculescu, Alice Nicoleta Drăgoescu, Aritina Moroșanu, Diana Mateescu, Carmen Elena Niculescu and Iulia Rahela Marcu
Life 2024, 14(11), 1463; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111463 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 418
Abstract
Postural disorders in children and adolescents have an increasing incidence. The aim of this study was to identify the type of postural defects in school-age and preschool children, as well as the external risk factors determined by an inadequate lifestyle. The research included [...] Read more.
Postural disorders in children and adolescents have an increasing incidence. The aim of this study was to identify the type of postural defects in school-age and preschool children, as well as the external risk factors determined by an inadequate lifestyle. The research included 134 children aged between 5 and 18 years, in whom postural defects were identified. The project involved an examination of the children’s body posture, a survey of the parents to determine the children’s lifestyle, blood tests, and spinal X-rays. A significant percentage (76%) of the children included in the study were underweight. The examination of postural defects in the students revealed scoliosis in 21% of the patients, kyphosis in 7.5%, and lordosis in 1.5%, while 70% of the patients presented an association between at least two postural defects. As far as risk factors are concerned, we identified the presence of rickets sequelae in 70% of the patients, the presence of pectus excavatum in 43% of the patients, genu varum in 15%, and flat foot in 12%. Additionally, 90% of the children had an incorrect posture at the desk, while 42% incorrectly carried their backpack on one shoulder only. In terms of diet quality, associations between an inadequate diet and postural disorders were found for kyphosis, scoliosis, and other deformities. In conclusion, postural abnormalities in children have an increased incidence from an early age and are a result of the change in lifestyle in recent years, represented by sedentarism, a lack of physical activity, the excessive use of electronic devices, stress, and an inadequate diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function)
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16 pages, 2275 KiB  
Article
Effects of Endurance Training on Antioxidant and Hormonal Status in Peripheral Blood of Young Healthy Men
by Stanimir Stojiljković, Ljubica Gavrilović, Snežana Pejić, Snežana B. Pajović, Marija Macura, Dragan Nikolić, Saša Bubanj and Vesna Stojiljković
Life 2024, 14(8), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080921 - 24 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 977
Abstract
(1) Background: Physical activity may cause an imbalance in the major functions of the human body. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance running training on the parameters of the antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH), LPO (malondialdehyde, MDA), [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Physical activity may cause an imbalance in the major functions of the human body. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance running training on the parameters of the antioxidant defense system (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH), LPO (malondialdehyde, MDA), and stress hormones (A, NA) in young healthy, previously untrained men. (2) Methods: The training program was as follows: 8 weeks of running, three times per week; the duration of a single session was 30–70 min, the intensity was twice a week in the so-called extensive endurance zone, and once a week in the anaerobic threshold zone. Blood samples were collected from the subjects, before and after the running program. (3) Results: The training program resulted in a significant increase in maximal oxygen consumption (p < 0.001). The activities of SOD, GPx, and GR also increased significantly (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, and p < 0.05, respectively), while CAT activity and GSH and MDA concentrations remained unchanged. The concentration of A decreased (p < 0.05), while the NA concentration increased significantly (p < 0.05). SOD, GPx, GR, and NA positively correlated with VO2max (p < 0.05, p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.05, respectively), while a negative correlation was detected between A and VO2max (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that there is no persistent oxidative stress in response to the applied 8-week running program, probably due to exercise-induced protective alterations in the antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, adaptations occurred at the hormonal level, making the organism more ready for a new challenge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function)
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12 pages, 4568 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Effects of Pilates and Yoga Exercise on the Dynamic Balancing Ability and Functional Movement of Fencers
by So-Jung Lim, Hyun-Jin Kim, Yong-Soo Kim, Eunkuk Kim, Inyoung Hwang and Ju-Seop Kang
Life 2024, 14(5), 635; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050635 - 16 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1427
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare and analyze whether Pilates exercise and yoga exercise help improve the performance of female fencers and prevent injury, and the dynamic balance test (LQ-YBT) and functional movement screening (FMS) test score of the elite adult female fencers [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to compare and analyze whether Pilates exercise and yoga exercise help improve the performance of female fencers and prevent injury, and the dynamic balance test (LQ-YBT) and functional movement screening (FMS) test score of the elite adult female fencers were compared and analyzed as evaluation indicators. Participants were randomly classified into Pilates (n = 10) and yoga groups (n = 10), members of which took part in 50 min of exercise (5 min of warm-up, 40 min of main exercise, and 5 min of cool-down) twice weekly for eight weeks. The results obtained from this study were analyzed via independent t-test and 2-way ANOVA. The results were as follows: LQ-YBT measures (reaching distance) increased significantly for both groups, as did FMS scores (deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, trunk-stability push-up, and rotary stability). These results suggest that Pilates exercise and yoga exercise might be likely effective in improving the performance of adult female fencers and injury prevention by increasing their dynamic balance ability and functional movement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function)
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16 pages, 721 KiB  
Article
The Efficiency of Kinesiotherapy versus Physical Modalities on Pain and Other Common Complaints in Fibromyalgia
by Daniela Matei, Rodica Trăistaru, Vlad Pădureanu, Taina Elena Avramescu, Daniela Neagoe, Amelia Genunche and Anca Amzolini
Life 2024, 14(5), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050604 - 8 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
Due to its variety of signs and symptoms, there have been numerous attempts to treat fibromyalgia (FM), but a cure has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex kinetic therapy program and a [...] Read more.
Due to its variety of signs and symptoms, there have been numerous attempts to treat fibromyalgia (FM), but a cure has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex kinetic therapy program and a combined physical modality program on pain and other common symptoms of FM. Patients and methods: A total of 78 female patients were included in this study; 39 subjects underwent a kinesiotherapy (KT) intervention (combining aerobic and Pilates exercises), and 39 participated in a physical modality (PM) program (including electrotherapy (TENS and low-laser therapy) and thermotherapy). Results: Regarding the parameter of pain assessment, kinesiotherapy demonstrated its superiority both during the treatment period and in the evaluation 3 months after therapy cessation. Both in terms of patient-reported pain (inter-group comparisons: p = 0.000 at T3) and the examination of tender points (inter-group comparisons: p = 0.000 at T3), as well as the algometric assessment, pain was alleviated by the two forms of applied kinetic therapy. The observed functional impairment was statistically significantly influenced (p = 0.001) at the end of the kinetic program application, while for the perceived functional impairment, neither therapy proved superiority over the other at any point of evaluation (inter-group comparisons: p = 0.715 at T3). Regarding the influence of the emotional consequences implied by fibromyalgia, neither the forms of kinesiotherapy nor the chosen physical modalities proved superiority at any point of evaluation (HAQ anxiety inter-group comparisons: p = 0.000 at T3). In conclusion, even though kinesiotherapy had superior influences on fibromyalgia pain in the studied group, the current research lends credence to the significance of non-pharmacological therapy in managing fibromyalgia. Participants demonstrated positive advancements in subjective and objective pain assessments, as well as improvements in functional and emotional well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function)
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15 pages, 1830 KiB  
Article
Management of Upper-Limb Spasticity Using Modern Rehabilitation Techniques versus Botulinum Toxin Injections Following Stroke
by Ana Maria Bumbea, Otilia Constantina Rogoveanu, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Ionica Pirici, George Cioroianu, Diana Iulia Stanca, Oana Criciotoiu, Viorel Biciusca, Rodica Magdalena Traistaru and Danut Visarion Caimac
Life 2023, 13(11), 2218; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112218 - 17 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2113
Abstract
Our purpose is to emphasize the role of botulinum toxin in spasticity therapy and functional recovery in patients following strokes. Our retrospective study compared two groups, namely ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The study group (BT group) comprised 80 patients who received focal [...] Read more.
Our purpose is to emphasize the role of botulinum toxin in spasticity therapy and functional recovery in patients following strokes. Our retrospective study compared two groups, namely ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients. The study group (BT group) comprised 80 patients who received focal botulinum toxin as therapy for an upper limb with spastic muscle three times every three months. The control group (ES group) comprised 80 patients who received only medical rehabilitation consisting of electrostimulation and radial shockwave therapy for the upper limb, which was applied three times every three months. Both groups received the same stretching program for spastic muscles as a home training program. We evaluated the evolution of the patients using muscle strength, Ashworth, Tardieu, Frenchay, and Barthel scales. The analysis indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups for all scales, with better results for the BT group (p < 0.0001 for all scales). In our study, the age at disease onset was an important prediction factor for better recovery in both groups but not in all scales. Better recovery was obtained for younger patients (in the BT group, MRC scale: rho = −0.609, p-value < 0.0001; Tardieu scale: rho = −0.365, p-value = 0.001; in the ES group, MRC scale: rho = −0.445, p-value < 0.0001; Barthel scale: rho = −0.239, p-value = 0.033). Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy compared with the rehabilitation method, showing a reduction of the recovery time of the upper limb, as well as an improvement of functionality and a reduction of disability. Although all patients followed a specific kinetic program, important improvements were evident in the botulinum toxin group. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise Training on Muscle Function)
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