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Life
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Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration
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Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (18 February 2022) | Viewed by 25159

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Janja Zupan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: mesenchymal stem/ stromal cells; regenerative medicine; degenerative joint disorders; molecular biology; cell culture
Dr. Rihard Trebše

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Valdoltra Orthopaedic Hospital, 6280 Ankaran, Slovenia
Interests: degenerative joint disorder; joint arthroplasty failure reasons; bone and joint infection treatment; IT aided surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Osteoarthritis is the most common degenerative disorder of the joints. Despite the fact that this debilitating disease is currently well managed by modern surgical approaches, the ultimate aim is to delay joint degeneration and prolong the time needed for the joint replacement surgery. Much of the research interest in the past few decades has been focused on studying the mechanism of joint degeneration such as cartilage breakdown, remodeling of the underlying bone, synovial inflammation, and others. Our current understanding is that osteoarthritis is a complex disorder of the whole joint (cartilage, underlying subchondral bone, synovium etc.) to which various mechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors contribute. Since age is a strong risk factor for joint degeneration and osteoarthritis, age-related exhaustion of the endogenous regenerative potential, i.e. mesenchymal stem cells, could also contribute. On the other hand, cell therapies bare massive potential for regenerative treatment of the joint wear and tear disease, osteoarthritis.

The present Special Issue, edited by Dr. Janja Zupan and Dr. Rihard Trebše, will cover all aspects of studying joint degeneration, from basic to clinical research studies and reviews. In particular, we will focus on our current understanding on the mechanisms of joint degeneration and management using surgical intervention. We will also discuss other treatment options, such as cellular therapies, and evaluate their potential role in managing joint degeneration.

Dr. Janja Zupan
Dr. Rihard Trebše
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • osteoarthritis
  • joint degeneration
  • surgical treatment
  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • cartilage regeneration
  • arthroplasty
  • immunomodulation

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3643 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Characterization of the Human Skeletal Stem Cell-like Properties of Primary Bone-Derived Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Patients with Late and Early Hip Osteoarthritis
by Lara Jasenc, Klemen Stražar, Anže Mihelič, Rene Mihalič, Rihard Trebše, Gregor Haring, Matjaž Jeras and Janja Zupan
Life 2022, 12(6), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060899 - 15 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2505
Abstract
Human skeletal stem cells (hSSCs) were recently identified as podoplanin (PDPN)/CD73/CD164-positive and CD146-negative cells that decline with age, and play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to identify the hSSC-like properties of bone-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal [...] Read more.
Human skeletal stem cells (hSSCs) were recently identified as podoplanin (PDPN)/CD73/CD164-positive and CD146-negative cells that decline with age, and play a role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to identify the hSSC-like properties of bone-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) of patients with late and early OA. Methods: First, we performed gene expression profiling for the hSSC markers in 32 patients with late and early OA, and donors without OA. Having identified the low expression of hSSC markers in late OA patients, we further performed trilineage differentiation and immunophenotyping for hSSC makers in the selected subsets from each donor group. Results: Our results show no differences in osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis between the MSCs from the three groups. However, the immunophenotyping shows lower CD164 in MSCs from early OA patients in comparison with late and no OA subjects (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017). Conclusions: Our study shows that the in vitro hSSC-like properties of bone-derived MSCs are similar in patients with early and late OA, and in donors without OA. However, the lower percentage of CD164-positive MSCs in early OA patients indicates the potential of CD164 as a marker of the onset of OA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration)
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Review

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21 pages, 8161 KiB  
Review
The Surgical Treatment of Osteoarthritis
by Peter Brumat, Ožbej Kunšič, Samo Novak, Urban Slokar, Janez Pšenica, Matevž Topolovec, Rene Mihalič and Rihard Trebše
Life 2022, 12(7), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12070982 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4854
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the whole joint with the underlying bone, representing a major source of pain, disability, and socioeconomic cost worldwide. Age is considered the strongest risk factor, albeit abnormal biomechanics, morphology, congenital abnormality, deformity, malalignment, limb-length discrepancy, lifestyle, and [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative condition affecting the whole joint with the underlying bone, representing a major source of pain, disability, and socioeconomic cost worldwide. Age is considered the strongest risk factor, albeit abnormal biomechanics, morphology, congenital abnormality, deformity, malalignment, limb-length discrepancy, lifestyle, and injury may further increase the risk of the development and progression of osteoarthritis as well. Pain and loss of function are the main clinical features that lead to treatment. Although early manifestations of osteoarthritis are amenable to lifestyle modification, adequate pain management, and physical therapy, disease advancement frequently requires surgical treatment. The symptomatic progression of osteoarthritis with radiographical confirmation can be addressed either with arthroscopic interventions, (joint) preservation techniques, or bone fusion procedures, whereas (joint) replacement is preferentially reserved for severe and end-stage disease. The surgical treatment aims at alleviating pain and disability while restoring native biomechanics. Miscellaneous surgical techniques for addressing osteoarthritis exist. Advanced computer-integrated surgical concepts allow for patient personalization and optimization of surgical treatment. The scope of this article is to present an overview of the fundamentals of conventional surgical treatment options for osteoarthritis of the human skeleton, with emphasis on arthroscopy, preservation, arthrodesis, and replacement. Contemporary computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery concepts are further elucidated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration)
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17 pages, 1641 KiB  
Review
The Role of Inflammasomes in Osteoarthritis and Secondary Joint Degeneration Diseases
by Samo Roškar and Iva Hafner-Bratkovič
Life 2022, 12(5), 731; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050731 - 13 May 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3690
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is age-related and the most common form of arthritis. The main characteristics of the disease are progressive loss of cartilage and secondary synovial inflammation, which finally result in pain, joint stiffness, and functional disability. Similarly, joint degeneration is characteristic of systemic inflammatory [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis is age-related and the most common form of arthritis. The main characteristics of the disease are progressive loss of cartilage and secondary synovial inflammation, which finally result in pain, joint stiffness, and functional disability. Similarly, joint degeneration is characteristic of systemic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout, with the associated secondary type of osteoarthritis. Studies suggest that inflammation importantly contributes to the progression of the disease. Particularly, cytokines TNFα and IL-1β drive catabolic signaling in affected joints. IL-1β is a product of inflammasome activation. Inflammasomes are inflammatory multiprotein complexes that propagate inflammation in various autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions through cell death and the release of inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecule patterns. In this article, we review genetic, marker, and animal studies that establish inflammasomes as important drivers of secondary arthritis and discuss the current evidence for inflammasome involvement in primary osteoarthritis. The NLRP3 inflammasome has a significant role in the development of secondary osteoarthritis, and several studies have provided evidence of its role in the development of primary osteoarthritis, while other inflammasomes cannot be excluded. Inflammasome-targeted therapeutic options might thus provide a promising strategy to tackle these debilitating diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration)
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14 pages, 1354 KiB  
Review
Degenerative Meniscus in Knee Osteoarthritis: From Pathology to Treatment
by Nobutake Ozeki, Hideyuki Koga and Ichiro Sekiya
Life 2022, 12(4), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12040603 - 18 Apr 2022
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 8768
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic knee pain and disability in daily living. The lesion can involve the cartilage as well as the synovium, bone, ligaments, and meniscus, indicating a complicated pathology for knee osteoarthritis. The association with [...] Read more.
Knee osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by chronic knee pain and disability in daily living. The lesion can involve the cartilage as well as the synovium, bone, ligaments, and meniscus, indicating a complicated pathology for knee osteoarthritis. The association with the meniscus has recently attracted much attention. Meniscal tears can initiate and progress knee osteoarthritis, with deleterious effects on the important roles of the meniscus in load distribution, shock absorption, and stability of the knee joint. Degenerative meniscus lesions are commonly observed in elderly people, but they have less impact on the prognosis of osteoarthritis. However, they are often accompanied by meniscal extrusion, which substantially decreases the hoop function of the meniscus and increases the risk of knee osteoarthritis. When surgical treatment is necessary, meniscal tears should be repaired to the greatest extent possible to preserve meniscus function. Long-term studies show better clinical outcomes and less degenerative osteoarthritis changes following meniscal repair than following partial meniscectomy. For meniscal extrusion repair, centralization techniques have been proposed that involve suturing the meniscus-capsule complex to the edge of the tibial plateau. Advancements in orthobiologics, such as platelet-rich plasma or stem cell therapy, have the potential to prevent the initiation or progression of osteoarthritis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration)
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18 pages, 371 KiB  
Review
Effect of Dietary Polyphenols on Osteoarthritis—Molecular Mechanisms
by Mateja Sirše
Life 2022, 12(3), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030436 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3944
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common crippling and degenerative disease resulting in irreversible functional changes due to damage of the cartilage and other tissues of the joint. With limited safe and effective pharmaceutical treatments, the demand and use for alternative therapeutic approaches with symptomatic relief [...] Read more.
Osteoarthritis is a common crippling and degenerative disease resulting in irreversible functional changes due to damage of the cartilage and other tissues of the joint. With limited safe and effective pharmaceutical treatments, the demand and use for alternative therapeutic approaches with symptomatic relief for OA patients have increased. Clinical, pre-clinical, and in vitro studies have demonstrated that polyphenols can exert pain-relieving symptoms coupled with increased functional capacity in OA models. This review will highlight studies carried out in the last five years to define the efficacies and underlying mechanisms in polyphenols such as quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, rosmarinic acid, genistein, ginger, berries, silver fir, pine bark, and Boswellia. Most of these studies indicate that polyphenols exhibit their beneficial roles through regulating changes at the biochemical and molecular levels, inducing or inhibiting various signaling pathways related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Polyphenols have also been implicated in modulating microRNA at the posttranscriptional level to counteract OA pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoarthritis: How to Manage Joint Degeneration)
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