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Life
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Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System
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Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 10791

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Michael L. Pretterklieber

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Macroscopic and Clinical Anatomy, Medical University of Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010 Graz, Austria
Interests: musculoskeletal system, biomechanical phenomena; functional laterality; anatomic variation; topographic anatomy; comparative anatomy; cross-sectional anatomy; human development; larynx
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, we have prepared and published a Special Issue on the topographic anatomy of the human body, covering all of its aspects. Now, we will focus on topography and functional aspects of the musculoskeletal system. In general medical practice, most patients present with pain and other problems of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, knowledge of its functional and topographic aspects is of utmost importance. For our Special Issue, we invite manuscripts focusing on these topics, also including radio-anatomical, developmental and comparative anatomical aspects. Furthermore, we also welcome manuscripts dealing with the anatomical basis of surgical approaches to the bones and joints. Ideally, they should point out the fact that minimal invasive surgery is not represented by the shortest possible skin incision but by minimalizing trauma to the surrounding soft tissues. Hence, “love the soft tissues inside” should be the fundamental idea behind.

As for any articles, dealing with morphology images at the best possible quality is mandatory, and we ask potential authors to prepare their illustrations at the best possible resolution and highest quality. A minimum resolution of 300 dpi is thus a prerequisite. Blurred images or photographs taken at a resolution far below that minimum will be rejected. In these cases, the authors will be asked to prepare new images which fit the prerequisite prior to starting the peer review process. In order not to prolong this process, we urgently ask authors to comply with this requirement.

On dealing with anatomical topics, the authors should also have a look at earlier publications. They should cover not only the last decade but also the original publications and monographs of the 19th and 20th centuries. Many aspects have already been focused on but nearly forgotten in the time since. Recent improvements, especially in radiologic diagnostics and surgical approaches, will now benefit from at least some of that hidden knowledge.

This Special Issue is now open for submissions. Prospective authors should first send a short abstract or tentative title to the Editorial Office. If the editor deems the topic to be appropriate for inclusion in the Special Issue, the author will be encouraged to submit a full manuscript.

Prof. Dr. Michael L. Pretterklieber
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • muscle
  • bone
  • joint
  • peripheral nerve
  • motor innervation
  • proprioception
  • anatomical variant
  • radiologic imaging
  • development
  • comparative anatomy

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 4059 KiB  
Article
The Morphology of the Femur Influences the Fracture Risk during Stumbling and Falls on the Hip—A Computational Biomechanical Study
by Jan-Oliver Sass, Michael Saemann, Maeruan Kebbach, Ehsan Soodmand, Andreas Wree, Rainer Bader and Daniel Kluess
Life 2024, 14(7), 841; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070841 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 997
Abstract
Proximal femur fracture risk depends on subject-specific factors such as bone mineral density and morphological parameters. Here, we aim to analyze the dependency of the femoral strength on sixteen morphological parameters. Therefore, finite-element analyses of 20 human femurs during stumbling and lateral falls [...] Read more.
Proximal femur fracture risk depends on subject-specific factors such as bone mineral density and morphological parameters. Here, we aim to analyze the dependency of the femoral strength on sixteen morphological parameters. Therefore, finite-element analyses of 20 human femurs during stumbling and lateral falls on the hip were conducted. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated and morphological parameters with significant correlations were examined in principal component analysis and linear regression analysis. The dependency of the fracture strength on morphological parameters was more pronounced during lateral falls on the hip compared to stumbling. Significant correlations were observed between the neck shaft angle (r = −0.474), neck diameter (r = 0.507), the true distance between the femoral head center and femoral shaft axis (r = 0.459), and its projected distance on the frontal plane (r = 0.511), greater trochanter height (r = 0.497), and distance between the femoral head center and a plane parallel to the frontal plane containing the projection of the femoral head center to the femoral neck axis (r = 0.669). Principal component analysis was strongly weighted by parameters defining the lever arm during a lateral fall as well as the loaded cross-section in the femoral neck. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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12 pages, 1910 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of 3D Footprint Morphology of Knee-Related Muscle Attachments Based on CT Data Reconstruction: A Feasibility Study
by Anne-Marie Neumann, Maeruan Kebbach, Rainer Bader, Guido Hildebrandt and Andreas Wree
Life 2024, 14(6), 778; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060778 - 19 Jun 2024
Viewed by 775
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) understanding of muscle attachment footprints became increasingly relevant for musculoskeletal modeling. The established method to project attachments as points ignores patient-specific individuality. Research focuses on investigating certain muscle groups rather than comprehensively studying all muscles spanning a joint. Therefore, we [...] Read more.
A three-dimensional (3D) understanding of muscle attachment footprints became increasingly relevant for musculoskeletal modeling. The established method to project attachments as points ignores patient-specific individuality. Research focuses on investigating certain muscle groups rather than comprehensively studying all muscles spanning a joint. Therefore, we present a reliable method to study several muscle attachments in order to reconstruct the attachment sites in 3D based on CT imaging for future applications in musculoskeletal modeling. For the present feasibility study, 23 knee-related muscle attachments were CT-scanned postmortem from four nonadipose male specimens. For this, the specific muscle attachments were dissected and marked with a barium sulfate containing paint (60 g BaSO4 in 30 mL water and 10 mL acrylic paint). Subsequently, bone geometries and muscle attachments were reconstructed and evaluated from CT datasets. Bone morphology and footprint variations were studied. Exemplarily, variations were high for pes anserinus insertions (mean 56%) and the origins of M. biceps femoris (mean 54%). In contrast, the origins of the vastus muscles as well as the insertion of the Achilles tendon showed low variation (mean 9% and 13%, respectively). Most attachment sites showed variation exceeding the individuality of bone morphology. In summary, the present data were consistent with the few published studies of specific muscle footprints. Our data shed light on the high variability of muscle attachments, which need to be addressed when studying muscle forces and movements through musculoskeletal modeling. This is the first step to achieving a more profound understanding of muscle morphology to be utilized in numerical simulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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15 pages, 4006 KiB  
Article
What Is New about the Semimembranosus Distal Tendon? Ultrasound, Anatomical, and Histological Study with Clinical and Therapeutic Application
by Pere Iglesias-Chamorro, Albert Pérez-Bellmunt, Sara Ortiz-Miguel, Ingrid Möller, Juan Blasi, Juan Ortiz-Sagristà, Carlo Martinoli, Xavier Sanjuan and Maribel Miguel-Pérez
Life 2024, 14(5), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050631 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1510
Abstract
The semimembranosus muscle inserts into several tendons that are associated with some pathologies. Although ultrasound is useful for studying, diagnosing, and managing these pathologies, the correct interpretation of any images requires a clear knowledge of the related anatomical structures and the inter-related functions. [...] Read more.
The semimembranosus muscle inserts into several tendons that are associated with some pathologies. Although ultrasound is useful for studying, diagnosing, and managing these pathologies, the correct interpretation of any images requires a clear knowledge of the related anatomical structures and the inter-related functions. We studied 38 cryopreserved non-paired knees from adult anatomical specimens and 4 non-paired knees from 29 to 38-week-old fetuses. The semimembranosus muscle and its tendons were located, observed, and injected under ultrasound guidance. The macroscopic anatomy was studied using dissection and anatomical cuts and the tendons were analyzed histologically. Measurements of muscle were taken 10 cm from the medial epicondyle and just before the tendon divided. The ultrasound facilitated the identification of the different divisions of the tendon of semimembranosus muscle and the rotation of the muscle and tendon from medial to posterior. An anatomical study confirmed this rotation and revealed an average width, thickness, and diameter of 38.29 mm, 14.36 mm, and 112.64 mm, respectively. Important relationships were observed between the divisions of the main tendons and the medial collateral ligament, the posterior side of the knee and popliteus muscle. This information can help to explain knee pathologies and facilitate rehabilitation after surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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12 pages, 577 KiB  
Article
Skeletal Muscle Echo Intensity Values Differ Significantly across Ultrasound Parameter Settings
by Aldo Scafoglieri, Jona Van den Broeck, Paolo Bartocci, Erik Cattrysse, Harriët Jager-Wittenaar and Maria Cristina Gonzalez
Life 2024, 14(3), 291; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030291 - 22 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Echo intensity determined by muscle ultrasound has been proposed as an efficient method for the assessment of muscle quality. The influence of changing ultrasound parameter settings on echo intensity values was assessed using a standardized approach. In this repeated measures cross-sectional study, sixteen [...] Read more.
Echo intensity determined by muscle ultrasound has been proposed as an efficient method for the assessment of muscle quality. The influence of changing ultrasound parameter settings on echo intensity values was assessed using a standardized approach. In this repeated measures cross-sectional study, sixteen repeated scans of rectus femoris, gracilis, and rectus abdominis were taken in 21 middle-aged persons with a portable Mindray M7 premium ultrasound machine equipped with a linear 5.0–10.0 MHz transducer. The settings of three parameters were fixed: gain, depth, and frequency. The settings of the following adjustable parameters were changed over their entire range: dynamic range, gray map, line density, persistence, and IClear. Repeated measures analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of changing the settings on echo intensity values. In all three muscles, dynamic range, gray map, and IClear correlated significantly (rrm-values ranging between −0.86 and 0.45) with echo intensity. In all three muscles, the echo intensity values differed significantly across the dynamic range (p < 0.013), gray map (p < 0.003), and IClear (p < 0.003). In middle-aged subjects, echo intensity values of lower limb and trunk muscles are significantly related to ultrasound parameters and significantly differ across their respective setting range. For the assessment of muscle quality through ultrasound, it is suggested to fix parameter settings within their midrange in order to minimize the effect of setting-dependent factors on EI values. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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13 pages, 2344 KiB  
Article
Meralgia Paresthetica—An Approach Specific Neurological Complication in Patients Undergoing DAA Total Hip Replacement: Anatomical and Clinical Considerations
by Jozef Almasi, Richard Ambrus and Boris Steno
Life 2024, 14(1), 151; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010151 - 20 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2606
Abstract
Introduction: Mini-invasive surgical (MIS) approaches to total hip replacement (THR) are becoming more popular and increasingly adapted into practice. THR via the direct anterior approach (MIS DAA) has become a rather controversial topic in hip arthroplasty literature in the last decades. Our retrospective [...] Read more.
Introduction: Mini-invasive surgical (MIS) approaches to total hip replacement (THR) are becoming more popular and increasingly adapted into practice. THR via the direct anterior approach (MIS DAA) has become a rather controversial topic in hip arthroplasty literature in the last decades. Our retrospective observational study focuses on the prevalence of one approach-specific complication—lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) iatrogenic lesion—and tries to clarify the possible pathogenesis of this injury. Methods: This is a retrospective single-cohort observational single-center and single-surgeon study. Our patient records were searched for the period from 2015 to 2017—after a safe period of time after the learning curve for MIS DAA. All intra- and post-operative lesions of the LFCN were recorded. Lesion of the LFCN was confirmed by a neurological examination. Minimum patient follow-up was 2 years. Results: This study involved 417 patients undergoing single-side THR via MIS DAA. Patients were examined on follow-up visits at 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. There were 17 cases of LCFN injury at the 6 weeks early follow-up visit (4.1%). All cases of clinically presenting LFCN injury resolved at the 2-year follow-up ad integrum. Discussion: Possible explanations of such neurological complications are direct iatrogenic injury, vigorous traction, hyperextension, or extreme external rotation of the operated limb. Use of a traction table or concomitant spinal pathology and deformity also play a role. Prevention involves stepwise adaptation of the approach during the learning curve period by attending cadaver lab courses, rational use of traction and hyperextension, and careful surgical technique in the superficial and deep fascial layers. Dynamometers could be used to visualise the limits of manipulation of the operated limb. Conclusions: Neurological complications are not as rare but questionably significant in patients undergoing THR via the DAA. Incidental finding of LFCN injury has no effect on the functional outcome of the artificial joint. It can lead to lower subjective satisfaction of patients with the operation, which can be avoided with careful education and management of expectations of the patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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21 pages, 10156 KiB  
Article
Topographical Anatomy of the Adductor Muscle Group in the Albino Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
by Bettina Pretterklieber, Michael L. Pretterklieber and Katharina Kerschan-Schindl
Life 2023, 13(10), 2096; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13102096 - 21 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1952
Abstract
In comparative anatomy, the adductor muscles are said to be quite variable and to often cause difficulty in separation. The arrangement of these muscles and the possible occurrence of the adductor minimus and obturator intermedius muscles in the albino rat has not been [...] Read more.
In comparative anatomy, the adductor muscles are said to be quite variable and to often cause difficulty in separation. The arrangement of these muscles and the possible occurrence of the adductor minimus and obturator intermedius muscles in the albino rat has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to accurately describe the adductor muscles in the albino rat (Rattus norvegicus). We hypothesized that all adductor muscles are constantly present and can be separated in a constant manner, and that the adductor minimus and obturator intermedius muscles are constant structures. Both pelvic limbs of 30 formalin-embalmed male albino rats were carefully dissected. The identification of the individual muscles was made based on their position in relation to the two branches of the obturator nerve and by comparing our results with previous findings in other species including humans. All examined rats had two gracilis muscles. The adductor longus muscle was the most superficial and smallest individual. The adductor brevis split into two parts of insertion—the femoral and genicular parts. The adductor magnus and minimus muscles could be separated constantly. The obturator intermedius muscle was a constant structure next to the obturator externus muscle. The adductor muscles of the albino rat were constantly separable and could be clearly assigned to their names. Further research is needed to investigate these muscles, especially the obturator intermedius muscle, in other species including humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Topographic and Functional Anatomy of Musculoskeletal System)
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