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Machines
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Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives
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Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Machines Testing and Maintenance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 19619

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Antonio J. Marques Cardoso

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Guest Editor
CISE—Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: diagnosis and fault tolerance of electrical machines, power electronics and drives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi

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Guest Editor
Riga Technical University, Riga LV-1658, Latvia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Amel Adouni

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Guest Editor
CISE - Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: renewable energy; electrical grid; power electronics; fault diagnosis

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

During the design step, electric machines are modeled and optimized as standalone machines. However, with the diversity of new technologies, electric machines are used in different sectors of activity such as railway traction, nuclear plants, renewable energies production, etc. During different operation modes, these electric machines are working under different conditions and are impacted by different phenomena. Much attention has been paid to the thermal analysis of standalone electric machines. However, studying heat transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation) by taking into account realistic contexts still needs more research and development.

Heat transfer includes high-complexity and nonlinearity phenomena. Choosing the appropriate cooling method has a significant effect on the amount of heat extraction from an electric machine. This improvement in the amount of heat extraction has a direct effect on the power rating of electric machines and also on the reliability of temperature-sensitive components.

This is a call for papers for a Special Issue on "Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives". This Special Issue will provide a forum for researchers and practitioners to exchange their latest theoretical and technological achievements and identify critical issues and challenges for future investigation in the thermal analysis of electric machine drives. The submitted papers are expected to raise original ideas and potential contributions to theory and practice. Topics include, but are not limited to, the following research areas:

  • Temperature prediction of electric machine drives used in specific contexts;
  • Thermal behavior evaluation of electric machine drives under different control modes;
  • Thermal management of electric machine drives by implementing different cooling systems;
  • Heat transfer and fluid flow in electric machine drives;
  • Evaluation of convective heat transfer by using analytical and numerical methods;
  • Cooling designs/applications for electric machine drives;
  • Heat transfer enhancement techniques in electric machine drives. 

Prof. Dr. Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
Dr. Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi
Dr. Amel Adouni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Electric machine drives
  • Thermal analysis
  • Heat transfer enhancement
  • Cooling
  • Thermal management

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3108 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Commonly Used Cooling Concepts for Electrical Machines in Automotive Applications
by Robert Lehmann, Moritz Künzler, Matthias Moullion and Frank Gauterin
Machines 2022, 10(6), 442; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10060442 - 2 Jun 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4064
Abstract
The thermal design of electrical machines has numerous influencing factors. This paper compares different cooling methods, their volume flow rates and other machine parameters with regard to the continuous power of a PMSM. Understanding the characteristics of different heat sinks depending on their [...] Read more.
The thermal design of electrical machines has numerous influencing factors. This paper compares different cooling methods, their volume flow rates and other machine parameters with regard to the continuous power of a PMSM. Understanding the characteristics of different heat sinks depending on their operating point is important for an expedient design in order to avoid derating due to overtemperatures. As a design guideline, this contribution shows the influence of stator cooling jackets, rotor shaft cooling and direct end winding cooling for different machine lengths and volume flow rates. Both water and oil are investigated as coolants. With increasing machine dimensions, end winding cooling becomes less effective for heat sources in the center of the machine while the heat transferred in the cooling jacket increases. A sensitivity study of other machine parameters, such as the maximum allowed magnet temperature or the coolant inlet temperature, improves the understanding of the reader as to how the continuous power of a PMSM can be increased when the rotor temperature limits the performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives)
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15 pages, 6291 KiB  
Article
Challenges in Winding Design and Thermal Calculations: Physical Model of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
by Jan Laksar, Lukáš Veg and Roman Pechánek
Machines 2021, 9(10), 234; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9100234 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3960
Abstract
Interest in multilayer windings is increasing with the application of the hairpin winding technology to the manufacturing of electrical machines. Therefore, the four-layer fractional slot concentrated winding is used for the initial design of the machine in this paper. The proposed physical model [...] Read more.
Interest in multilayer windings is increasing with the application of the hairpin winding technology to the manufacturing of electrical machines. Therefore, the four-layer fractional slot concentrated winding is used for the initial design of the machine in this paper. The proposed physical model of the machine uses winding with a relatively high number of turns which is inappropriate to hairpin winding. Therefore the round-wire winding is created and the three-layer winding is derived and analyzed including the effect on the slot leakage inductance. The thermal analysis is then applied to the physical model of the machine to evaluate the slot-related thermal properties of the slot and the whole machine. The measurement is compared with the finite element analysis (FEA) and the equivalent slot thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficients of the stator and rotor are obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives)
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12 pages, 1659 KiB  
Article
Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficient from Housing Surface of a Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled Machine during Passive Cooling
by Payam Shams Ghahfarokhi, Andrejs Podgornovs, Ants Kallaste, Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, Anouar Belahcen, Toomas Vaimann, Bilal Asad and Hans Tiismus
Machines 2021, 9(6), 120; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9060120 - 18 Jun 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4413
Abstract
This paper presents the analytical calculation of the heat transfer coefficient of a complex housing shape of a Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) industrial machine when it works below 20% of its nominal speed or close to stall. Therefore, passive cooling is dominant, and [...] Read more.
This paper presents the analytical calculation of the heat transfer coefficient of a complex housing shape of a Totally Enclosed Fan-Cooled (TEFC) industrial machine when it works below 20% of its nominal speed or close to stall. Therefore, passive cooling is dominant, and most of the heat is extracted by the combination of natural convection and radiation phenomena. Under these conditions, the area-based composite approach was used for the development of the analytical calculation method. A test rig using a TEFC Synchronous Reluctance Motor (SynRM) was constructed, and the collected experimental data was used to validate the proposed analytical method successfully. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives)
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11 pages, 2251 KiB  
Article
Thermal Analysis of Low-Power Three-Phase Induction Motors Operating under Voltage Unbalance and Inter-Turn Short Circuit Faults
by Amel Adouni and Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
Machines 2021, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9010002 - 26 Dec 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 4808
Abstract
Three-phase induction motors are considered to be the workhorse of industry. Therefore, induction motor faults are not only the cause of users’ frustrations but they also drive up the costs related to unexpected breakdowns, repair actions, and safety issues. One of the most [...] Read more.
Three-phase induction motors are considered to be the workhorse of industry. Therefore, induction motor faults are not only the cause of users’ frustrations but they also drive up the costs related to unexpected breakdowns, repair actions, and safety issues. One of the most critical faults in three-phase induction motors is related to the occurrence of inter-turn short circuits, due to its devastating consequences. The topic of inter-turn short-circuit faults in three-phase induction motors has been discussed over recent decades by several researchers. These studies have mainly dealt with early fault detection to avoid dramatic consequences. However, they fall short of addressing the potential burnout of the induction motor before the detection step. Furthermore, the cumulative action played by an inevitable degree of unbalanced supply voltages may exacerbate such consequences. For that reason, in deep detail, this paper delves into the thermal analysis of the induction motor when operating under these two harsh conditions: unbalanced supply voltages and the presence of the most incipient type of inter-turn short-circuit condition—a short-circuit between two turns only. In this work, the finite element method has been applied to create the faulty scenarios, and a commercial software (Flux2D) has been used in order to simulate the electromagnetic and thermal behavior of the machine for various degrees of severity of the aforementioned faulty modes. The obtained results confirm that the diagnostic tools reported in the literature might not be effective, failing to warrant the required lead time so that suitable actions can be taken to prevent permanent damage to the machine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Analysis of Electric Machine Drives)
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