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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity
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Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 32817

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. María Carmen Rodríguez-Argüelles

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: nanoparticles; green synthesis; biological activity
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rosana Simón-Vázquez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CINBIO, Vigo, Spain
Interests: material characterization; nanomaterials; nanoscience; biophysics; nanoparticles; proteins; cell biology; nanoparticle synthesis; cells; biopolymers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal nanoparticles have a great potential in the field of nanomedicine due to their possible application in therapy, diagnosis or theragnosis. For this reason, significant attention is being given to the development of novel strategies for their synthesis. Among these, the so-called green-synthesis approach occupies a prominent place, since it is an alternative, nontoxic, reliable, and ecofriendly synthesis technology for the production of nanomaterials. Among the different sources used in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles, different marine organisms like macroalga, microalga, bacteria, fungus or their components have attracted considerable attention due not only to their capacity to produce metal nanoparticles, but also to their diverse therapeutic properties (antitumor, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, etc).

This special issue will focus on nanoparticles synthetized using marine organisms or their components and the evaluation of their biological activity. It is a novel topic for Marine Drugs and we hope to receive manuscripts dealing with new research in the field. Relevant reviews on the topic are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. María Carmen Rodríguez-Argüelles
Dr. Rosana Simón-Vázquez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanoparticles
  • marine species
  • marine polysaccharides
  • polyphenols
  • antimicrobial
  • antioxidant
  • anti-inflammatory
  • antitumoral
  • toxicity
  • green synthesis

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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24 pages, 3508 KiB  
Article
Immunomodulatory and Antitumoral Activity of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized by Red Algae Aqueous Extracts
by Noelia González-Ballesteros, Lara Diego-González, Mariano Lastra-Valdor, Maria Grimaldi, Antonella Cavazza, Franca Bigi, M. Carmen Rodríguez-Argüelles and Rosana Simón-Vázquez
Mar. Drugs 2022, 20(3), 182; https://doi.org/10.3390/md20030182 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3819
Abstract
This study reports on the green and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles from three different red algae extracts. The nanoparticles synthesized were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, and Z-potential. Relevant components occurring in the extracts, such as polysaccharides or phenolic content, were [...] Read more.
This study reports on the green and cost-efficient synthesis of gold nanoparticles from three different red algae extracts. The nanoparticles synthesized were fully characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, HRTEM, and Z-potential. Relevant components occurring in the extracts, such as polysaccharides or phenolic content, were assessed by analytical techniques such as spectrophotometric assays and liquid chromatography. Finally, the antioxidant, antitumoral, and anti-inflammatory potential of both the extracts and the gold nanoparticles synthesized were analyzed in order to determine a possible synergistic effect on the nanoparticles. The results obtained confirmed the obtainment of gold nanoparticles with significant potential as immunotherapeutic agents. The therapeutic potential of these nanoparticles could be higher than that of inert gold nanoparticles loaded with bioactive molecules since the former would allow for higher accumulation into the targeted tissue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity)
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12 pages, 2113 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Marine Organism Extracellular Matrix-Anchored Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biological Effect on the Alleviation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
by Sung-Han Jo, Seon-Hwa Kim, Changsu Kim and Sang-Hyug Park
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(11), 592; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110592 - 21 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4227
Abstract
Representative marine materials such as biopolymers and bioceramics contain bioactive properties and are applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The marine organism-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists of structural and functional molecules, has been studied as a biomaterial. It has been used [...] Read more.
Representative marine materials such as biopolymers and bioceramics contain bioactive properties and are applied in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. The marine organism-derived extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists of structural and functional molecules, has been studied as a biomaterial. It has been used to reconstruct tissues and improve biological functions. However, research on marine-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) among marine functional materials is limited. Recent studies on marine-derived EVs were limited to eco-system studies using bacteria-released EVs. We aimed to expand the range of representative marine organisms such as fish, crustaceans, and echinoderms; establish the extraction process; and study the bioactivity capability of marine EVs. Results confirmed that marine organism ECM-anchored EVs (mEVs) have a similar morphology and cargos to those of EVs in land animals. To investigate physiological effects, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-infected macrophages were treated with EVs derived from sea cucumber, fish, and shrimp. A comparison of the expression levels of inflammatory cytokine genes revealed that all types of mEVs alleviated pro-inflammatory cytokines, although to different degrees. Among them, the sea cucumber-derived EVs showed the strongest suppression ability. This study showed that research on EVs derived from various types of marine animals can lead to the development of high value-added therapeutics from discarded marine wastes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity)
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16 pages, 6657 KiB  
Article
Phagocytosis of Astaxanthin-Loaded Microparticles Modulates TGFβ Production and Intracellular ROS Levels in J774A.1 Macrophages
by Eleonora Binatti, Gianni Zoccatelli, Francesca Zanoni, Giulia Donà, Federica Mainente and Roberto Chignola
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(3), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19030163 - 19 Mar 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
Radiation-induced fibrosis is a serious long-lasting side effect of radiation therapy. Central to this condition is the role of macrophages that, activated by radiation-induced reactive oxygen species and tissue cell damage, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). [...] Read more.
Radiation-induced fibrosis is a serious long-lasting side effect of radiation therapy. Central to this condition is the role of macrophages that, activated by radiation-induced reactive oxygen species and tissue cell damage, produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ). This, in turn, recruits fibroblasts at the site of the lesion that initiates fibrosis. We investigated whether astaxanthin, an antioxidant molecule extracted from marine and freshwater organisms, could help control macrophage activation. To this purpose, we encapsulated food-grade astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis into micrometer-sized whey protein particles to specifically target macrophages that can uptake material within this size range by phagocytosis. The data show that astaxanthin-loaded microparticles are resistant to radiation, are well-tolerated by J774A.1 macrophages, induce in these cells a significant reduction of intracellular reactive oxygen species and inhibit the release of active TGFβ as evaluated in a bioassay with transformed MFB-F11 fibroblasts. Micro-encapsulation of bioactive molecules is a promising strategy to specifically target phagocytic cells and modulate their own functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity)
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14 pages, 3669 KiB  
Article
Fucoxanthin@Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanoparticles Promoted Oxidative Stress-Induced Cell Death in Caco-2 Human Colon Cancer Cells
by Yue Sui, Yue Gu, Yujing Lu, Chenxu Yu, Jie Zheng and Hang Qi
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(2), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19020092 - 5 Feb 2021
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 2995
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (FX), a natural carotenoid found in seaweed with multiple functional activities, is unstable with a poor water solubility that limits its utilization. This study aimed to improve FX’s stability and bioavailability via the nano-encapsulation of FX in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated FX@PVP nanoparticles (NPs). [...] Read more.
Fucoxanthin (FX), a natural carotenoid found in seaweed with multiple functional activities, is unstable with a poor water solubility that limits its utilization. This study aimed to improve FX’s stability and bioavailability via the nano-encapsulation of FX in polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated FX@PVP nanoparticles (NPs). The FX@PVP NPs were evaluated in terms of their morphology, stability, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), and in vitro release to optimize the encapsulation parameters, and a 1:8 FX:PVP ratio was found to perform the best with the highest EE (85.50 ± 0.19%) and LC (10.68 ± 0.15%) and improved FX stability. In addition, the FX@PVP NPs were shown to effectively deliver FX into Caco-2 cancer cells, and the accumulation of FX in these cancer cells showed pro-oxidative activities to ameliorate H2O2-induced damage and cell death. The FX@PVP NPs could potentially become a new therapeutical approach for targeted cancer treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity)
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Review

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19 pages, 15196 KiB  
Review
Extraction and Nano-Sized Delivery Systems for Phlorotannins to Improve Its Bioavailability and Bioactivity
by Tianjian Tong, Xiaoyang Liu and Chenxu Yu
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(11), 625; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19110625 - 5 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3159
Abstract
This review aims to provide an informative summary of studies on extraction and nanoencapsulation of phlorotannins to improve their bioavailability and bioactivity. The origin, structure, and different types of phlorotannins were briefly discussed, and the extraction/purification/characterization methods for phlorotannins were reviewed, with a [...] Read more.
This review aims to provide an informative summary of studies on extraction and nanoencapsulation of phlorotannins to improve their bioavailability and bioactivity. The origin, structure, and different types of phlorotannins were briefly discussed, and the extraction/purification/characterization methods for phlorotannins were reviewed, with a focus on techniques to improve the bioactivities and bioavailability of phlorotannins via nano-sized delivery systems. Phlorotannins are promising natural polyphenol compounds that have displayed high bioactivities in several areas: anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, and antioxidant. This review aims to provide a useful reference for researchers working on developing better utilization strategies for phlorotannins as pharmaceuticals, therapeuticals, and functional food supplements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity)
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24 pages, 1280 KiB  
Review
Preparation of Alginate-Based Biomaterials and Their Applications in Biomedicine
by Hengtong Zhang, Junqiu Cheng and Qiang Ao
Mar. Drugs 2021, 19(5), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/md19050264 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 231 | Viewed by 13998
Abstract
Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel, alginates can be processed into various forms, such as hydrogels, microspheres, fibers and sponges, and have been widely applied in biomedical field. The [...] Read more.
Alginates are naturally occurring polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae and bacteria. Being biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and easy to gel, alginates can be processed into various forms, such as hydrogels, microspheres, fibers and sponges, and have been widely applied in biomedical field. The present review provides an overview of the properties and processing methods of alginates, as well as their applications in wound healing, tissue repair and drug delivery in recent years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles from Marine Organisms and Their Biological Activity)
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