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Marine Drugs
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Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity, 3rd Edition
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Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity, 3rd Edition

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry of Marine Natural Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 6981

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Joana Reis Almeida

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Guest Editor
CIIMAR|Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
Interests: marine biology and ecology; marine environmental health; marine biotechnology; sustainable antifouling strategies; natural bioactive metabolites; bioproducts and biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marta Correia-da-Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências, Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
2. CIIMAR | Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
Interests: medicinal chemistry; synthesis of sulfated and glycosylated small-molecule mimetics of heparin; discovery of biological activities for persulfated versus partially sulfated small molecules; antifouling studies of partially sulfated small molecules; antithrombotic studies of persulfated small molecules; structure–activity and structure–property relationship studies of bioactive small molecules
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine biofouling is one of the natural phenomena representing a challenge worldwide due to the costly effects on shipping and maritime-related industries and the related environmental threats. Intense research is aimed at new methods for preventing, controlling, or reducing fouling development in different submerged marine structures. The most prevalent solution to inhibit fouling is to make surfaces unsuitable for settlers, using coatings with repellent AF properties. Most of the AF agents in use in these coatings have undesirable effects on nontarget species, including commercially important ones. The search for new nontoxic antifouling technologies has become a necessity, particularly after the ban on organotin compounds such as tributyltin (TBT), one of the most efficient and widespread antifouling agents. Alternative organic and metal-based biocides are now used in antifouling paints, but their persistence and toxic effects in the aquatic environment have been reported. A nontoxic alternative for antifouling protection comes from the possibility of adopting natural antifouling compounds that may be found in sessile marine invertebrates like sponges, bryozoans, corals, and tunicates, as well as in marine microorganisms. Such metabolites prevent their producers from being fouled on by other organisms, or are simply products of their secondary metabolism and may act as bioactive compounds for several purposes. As natural marine compounds, they may inhibit settlements through a nontoxic mechanism without posing adverse effects on the marine environment. Such compounds can constitute new harmless ingredients for antifouling coatings. So far, a rather limited number of natural product antifoulants (NPAs) have been isolated from marine organisms, but a huge reservoir of compounds with potential antifouling activity is hidden in marine organisms. This Special Issue on Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity, 3rd Edition aims to discover such natural compounds, the use of these compounds as an inspiration for the design of new ones, their activity against biofouling species settlement, the evaluation of environmental fate parameters, and their application in antifouling coatings as novel environmentally friendly agents. Studies which may contribute to the advancement of  knowledge in the antifouling scientific field are also welcome.

Dr. Joana Reis Almeida
Dr. Marta Correia-da-Silva
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine natural compounds
  • antifouling
  • toxicity
  • coatings
  • environment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3533 KiB  
Article
The Marine Antimicrobial Peptide AOD with Intact Disulfide Bonds Has Remarkable Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activity
by Ruoyu Mao, Qingyi Zhao, Haiqiang Lu, Na Yang, Yuanyuan Li, Da Teng, Ya Hao, Xinxi Gu and Jianhua Wang
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(10), 463; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100463 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 969
Abstract
American Oyster Defensin (AOD) is a marine peptide that is derived from North American mussels. It has been demonstrated to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity and high safety in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, to facilitate synthesis, mutants of [...] Read more.
American Oyster Defensin (AOD) is a marine peptide that is derived from North American mussels. It has been demonstrated to exhibit potent antimicrobial activity and high safety in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this study, to facilitate synthesis, mutants of AOD with fewer disulfide bonds were designed and subjected to structural, antimicrobial, and anti-biofilm analysis. The antimicrobial activity of AOD-derived peptides decreased after reduction in the disulfide bond, and among its three derivatives, only AOD-1 inhibited very few bacteria with a MIC value of 64 μg/mL, whereas the others had no inhibitory effect on pathogenic bacteria. The findings demonstrated that full disulfide bonds are indispensable for bactericidal activity, with the α-helix playing a pivotal role in inhibiting bacterial membranes. Furthermore, the results of the ATP, ROS, membrane potential, and membrane fluidity assays demonstrated that intracellular ATP, reactive oxygen species, and membrane fluidity were all increased, while membrane potential was reduced. This indicated that AOD resulted in the impairment of membrane fluidity and induced metabolic disorders, ultimately leading to bacterial death. The inhibitory effect of AOD on the biofilm of S. epidermidis G-81 was determined through the crystal violet and confocal microscopy. The results demonstrated that AOD exhibited a notable inhibitory impact on the biofilm of S. epidermidis G-81. The minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration of AOD on S. epidermidis G-81 was 16 μg/mL, and the minimum biofilm scavenging concentration was 32 μg/mL, which exhibited superior efficacy compared to that of lincomycin. The inhibitory effect on the primary biofilm was 90.3%, and that on the mature biofilm was 82.85%, with a dose-dependent inhibition effect. Concurrently, AOD cleared intra-biofilm organisms and reduced the number of biofilm-holding bacteria by six orders of magnitude. These data indicate that disulfide bonds are essential to the structure and activity of AOD, and AOD may potentially become an effective dual-action antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity, 3rd Edition)
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Review

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80 pages, 28457 KiB  
Review
A Chemical Toolbox to Unveil Synthetic Nature-Inspired Antifouling (NIAF) Compounds
by Ana Rita Neves, Sara Godinho, Catarina Gonçalves, Ana Sara Gomes, Joana R. Almeida, Madalena Pinto, Emília Sousa and Marta Correia-da-Silva
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(9), 416; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22090416 - 12 Sep 2024
Viewed by 3234
Abstract
The current scenario of antifouling (AF) strategies to prevent the natural process of marine biofouling is based in the use of antifouling paints containing different active ingredients, believed to be harmful to the marine environment. Compounds called booster biocides are being used with [...] Read more.
The current scenario of antifouling (AF) strategies to prevent the natural process of marine biofouling is based in the use of antifouling paints containing different active ingredients, believed to be harmful to the marine environment. Compounds called booster biocides are being used with copper as an alternative to the traditionally used tributyltin (TBT); however, some of them were recently found to accumulate in coastal waters at levels that are deleterious for marine organisms. More ecological alternatives were pursued, some of them based on the marine organism mechanisms’ production of specialized metabolites with AF activity. However, despite the investment in research on AF natural products and their synthetic analogues, many studies showed that natural AF alternatives do not perform as well as the traditional metal-based ones. In the search for AF agents with better performance and to understand which molecular motifs were responsible for the AF activity of natural compounds, synthetic analogues were produced and investigated for structure–AF activity relationship studies. This review is a comprehensive compilation of AF compounds synthesized in the last two decades with highlights on the data concerning their structure–activity relationship, providing a chemical toolbox for researchers to develop efficient nature-inspired AF agents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity, 3rd Edition)
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13 pages, 299 KiB  
Review
Bioactive Peptides from Barnacles and Their Potential for Antifouling Development
by Xuan Liu, Hui Jin, Gaochi Xu, Ren Lai and Aili Wang
Mar. Drugs 2023, 21(9), 480; https://doi.org/10.3390/md21090480 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 2159
Abstract
Barnacles, a prevalent fouler organism in intertidal zones, has long been a source of annoyance due to significant economic losses and ecological impacts. Numerous antifouling approaches have been explored, including extensive research on antifouling chemicals. However, the excessive utilization of small-molecule chemicals appears [...] Read more.
Barnacles, a prevalent fouler organism in intertidal zones, has long been a source of annoyance due to significant economic losses and ecological impacts. Numerous antifouling approaches have been explored, including extensive research on antifouling chemicals. However, the excessive utilization of small-molecule chemicals appears to give rise to novel environmental concerns. Therefore, it is imperative to develop new strategies. Barnacles exhibit appropriate responses to environmental challenges with complex physiological processes and unique sensory systems. Given the assumed crucial role of bioactive peptides, an increasing number of peptides with diverse activities are being discovered in barnacles. Fouling-related processes have been identified as potential targets for antifouling strategies. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of peptides derived from barnacles, aiming to underscore their significant potential in the quest for innovative solutions in biofouling prevention and drug discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Natural Products with Antifouling Activity, 3rd Edition)
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