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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Bioconversion of Marine Resources
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Bioconversion of Marine Resources

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2018) | Viewed by 21789

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. San-Lang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
2. Life Science Development Center, Tamkang University, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
Interests: marine chitin; applied microbiology; enzyme inhibitors; antidiabetic drugs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine-originated food is a unique source of nutrients. However, many parts of these marine bioresources, such as heads, bones, viscera, and shells, are discarded during processing despite the high levels of nutrients, and particularly micro-nutrients, found in these parts. Thus, the promotion of these unutilized marine bioresources using microbial technology, enzyme technology, or chemical modification to create high-quality food and bioactive materials could help reduce malnutrition. In this Special Issue, we focus on the reclamation of unutilized marine bioresources by biotechnology using microorganisms, enzymes, chemical procedures. With the opening of this Special Issue, “Bioconverion of Marine Bioresources”, we are planning to produce a strong, and very exciting issue that will encompass breakthroughs on highly valuable, scientific, and industrial research in this field.

For this Special Issue of Marine Drugs, we urge you to consider publishing your review paper or original research in the areas listed below:

  • Microbial conversion of marine bioresources for the production of bioactive materials
  • Enzymatic conversion of marine bioresources for the production of bioactive materials
  • Chemical conversion of marine bioresources for the production of bioactive materials

Prof. Dr. San-Lang Wang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microbial conversion
  • enzymatic conversion
  • chemical modification
  • marine processing by-products
  • bioactive materials

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 963 KiB  
Article
Conversion of Squid Pens to Chitosanases and Proteases via Paenibacillus sp. TKU042
by Chien Thang Doan, Thi Ngoc Tran, Van Bon Nguyen, Anh Dzung Nguyen and San-Lang Wang
Mar. Drugs 2018, 16(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/md16030083 - 8 Mar 2018
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5642
Abstract
Chitosanases and proteases have received much attention due to their wide range of applications. Four kinds of chitinous materials, squid pens, shrimp heads, demineralized shrimp shells and demineralized crab shells, were used as the sole carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source to produce chitosanases, [...] Read more.
Chitosanases and proteases have received much attention due to their wide range of applications. Four kinds of chitinous materials, squid pens, shrimp heads, demineralized shrimp shells and demineralized crab shells, were used as the sole carbon and nitrogen (C/N) source to produce chitosanases, proteases and α-glucosidase inhibitors (αGI) by four different strains of Paenibacillus. Chitosanase productivity was highest in the culture supernatants using squid pens as the sole C/N source. The maximum chitosanase activity of fermented squid pens (0.759 U/mL) was compared to that of fermented shrimp heads (0.397 U/mL), demineralized shrimp shells (0.201 U/mL) and demineralized crab shells (0.216 U/mL). A squid pen concentration of 0.5% was suitable for chitosanase, protease and αGI production via Paenibacillus sp. TKU042. Multi-purification, including ethanol precipitation and column chromatography of Macro-Prep High S as well as Macro-Prep DEAE (diethylaminoethyl), led to the isolation of Paenibacillus sp. TKU042 chitosanase and protease with molecular weights of 70 and 35 kDa, respectively. For comparison, 16 chitinolytic bacteria, including strains of Paenibacillus, were investigated for the production of chitinase, exochitinase, chitosanase, protease and αGI using two kinds of chitinous sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioconversion of Marine Resources)
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1160 KiB  
Article
Reclamation of Marine Chitinous Materials for the Production of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors via Microbial Conversion
by Van Bon Nguyen and San-Lang Wang
Mar. Drugs 2017, 15(11), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/md15110350 - 7 Nov 2017
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4608
Abstract
Six kinds of chitinous materials have been used as sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) sources for producing α-glucosidase inhibitors (aGI) by Paenibacillus sp. TKU042. The aGI productivity was found to be highest in the culture supernatants using demineralized crab shell powder (deCSP) and demineralized shrimp [...] Read more.
Six kinds of chitinous materials have been used as sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) sources for producing α-glucosidase inhibitors (aGI) by Paenibacillus sp. TKU042. The aGI productivity was found to be highest in the culture supernatants using demineralized crab shell powder (deCSP) and demineralized shrimp shell powder (deSSP) as the C/N source. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and maximum aGI activity of fermented deCSP (38 µg/mL, 98%), deSSP (108 µg/mL, 89%), squid pen powder (SPP) (422 µg/mL, 98%), and shrimp head powder (SHP) (455 µg/mL, 92%) were compared with those of fermented nutrient broth (FNB) (81 µg/mL, 93%) and acarbose (1095 µg/mL, 74%), a commercial antidiabetic drug. The result of the protein/chitin ratio on aGI production showed that the optimal ratio was 0.2/1. Fermented deCSP showed lower IC50 and higher maximum inhibitory activity than those of acarbose against rat intestinal α-glucosidase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioconversion of Marine Resources)
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1634 KiB  
Article
Production of Fish Protein Hydrolysates from Scyliorhinus canicula Discards with Antihypertensive and Antioxidant Activities by Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Mathematical Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology
by José A. Vázquez, Maria Blanco, Agueda E. Massa, Isabel Rodríguez Amado and Ricardo I. Pérez-Martín
Mar. Drugs 2017, 15(10), 306; https://doi.org/10.3390/md15100306 - 10 Oct 2017
Cited by 53 | Viewed by 5485
Abstract
Fish discards are of major concern in new EU policies. Alternatives for the management of the new biomass that has to be landed is compulsory. The production of bioactive compounds from fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) has been explored in recent years. However, the [...] Read more.
Fish discards are of major concern in new EU policies. Alternatives for the management of the new biomass that has to be landed is compulsory. The production of bioactive compounds from fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) has been explored in recent years. However, the viability of Scyliorhinus canicula discards, which might account for up to 90–100% of captures in mixed trawler, gillnet, and longline industrial fisheries, to produce FPH from the muscle with bioactivities has still not been studied in terms of the optimization of the experimental conditions to enhance its production. The effect of pH and temperature on the hydrolysis of the S. canicula muscle was mediated by three commercial proteases using response surface methodology. Temperatures of 64.6 °C and 60.8 °C and pHs of 9.40 and 8.90 were established as the best hydrolysis conditions for Alcalase and Esperase, respectively. Optimization of the best conditions for the maximization of antihypertensive and antioxidant activities was performed. Higher Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was found with Esperase. The pH optimum and temperature optimum for antioxidants were 55 °C/pH8.0 for ABTS/DPPH-Esperase, 63.1 °C/pH9.0 for DPPH-Alcalase, and 55 °C/pH9.0 for ABTS-Alcalase. No hydrolysis was detected when using Protamex. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioconversion of Marine Resources)
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922 KiB  
Article
Utilization of Fishery Processing By-Product Squid Pens for α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Production by Paenibacillus sp.
by Van Bon Nguyen, Anh Dzung Nguyen and San-Lang Wang
Mar. Drugs 2017, 15(9), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/md15090274 - 30 Aug 2017
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5340
Abstract
The supernatants (the solution part received after centrifugation) of squid pens fermented by four species of Paenibacillus showed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidases derived from yeast (79–98%) and rats (76–83%). The inhibition of acarbose—a commercial antidiabetic drug, used against yeast and rat α-glucosidases—was [...] Read more.
The supernatants (the solution part received after centrifugation) of squid pens fermented by four species of Paenibacillus showed potent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidases derived from yeast (79–98%) and rats (76–83%). The inhibition of acarbose—a commercial antidiabetic drug, used against yeast and rat α-glucosidases—was tested for comparison; it showed inhibitory activity of 64% and 88%, respectively. Other chitinolytic or proteolytic enzyme-producing bacterial strains were also used to ferment squid pens, but no inhibition activity was detected from the supernatants. Paenibacillus sp. TKU042, the most active α-glucosidase inhibitor (aGI)-producing strain, was selected to determine the optimal cultivation parameters. This bacterium achieved the highest aGI productivity (527 µg/mL) when 1% squid pens were used as the sole carbon/nitrogen source with a medium volume of 130 mL (initial pH 6.85) in a 250 mL flask (48% of air head space), at 30 °C for 3–4 d. The aGI productivity increased 3.1-fold after optimization of the culture conditions. Some valuable characteristics of Paenibacillus aGIs were also studied, including pH and thermal stability and specific inhibitory activity. These microbial aGIs showed efficient inhibition against α-glucosidases from rat, yeast, and bacteria, but weak inhibition against rice α-glucosidase with IC50 values of 362, 252, 189, and 773 µg/mL, respectively. In particular, these aGIs showed highly stable activity over a large pH (2–13) and temperature range (40–100 °C). Various techniques, including: Diaoin, Octadecylsilane opened columns, and preparative HPLC coupled with testing bioactivity resulted in isolating a main active compound; this major inhibitor was identified as homogentisic acid (HGA). Notably, HGA was confirmed as a new inhibitor, a non-sugar-based aGI, and as possessing stronger activity than acarbose with IC50, and maximum inhibition values of 220 μg/mL, 95%, and 1510 μg/mL, 65%, respectively. These results suggest that squid pens, an abundant and low-cost fishery processing by-product, constitute a viable source for the production of antidiabetic materials via fermentation by strains of Paenibacillus. This fermented product shows promising applications in diabetes or diabetes related to obesity treatment due to their stability, potent bioactivity, and efficient inhibition against mammalian enzymes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioconversion of Marine Resources)
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