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Heat Treatment of Metallic Materials in Modern Industry—Volume II

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 2769

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pavel Novak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: intermetallic alloys; powder metallurgy; titanium alloys; aluminum alloys; mechanical alloying; spark plasma sintering; high-entropy alloys
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Peter Jurči

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Material Sciences and Technology of the STU in Trnava, J. Bottu 25, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
Interests: heat treatment of metals; thermochemical treatments; physical vapor deposition; microstructural analyses; microstructure–properties relationships
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Steels, cast irons and non-ferrous metals are nowadays widely used in various industrial branches for manufacturing of components or tools. The tools or components must be subjected to different heat, thermo-chemical or surface treatments before being operated. These treatments either convert the initial annealed microstructures to hard martensitic or bainitic ones, or assist to form hard and wear resistant surface layers that protect the materials against various environmental attacks. A variety of techniques are used to generate these modifications such as hardening and tempering procedures, carburizing, nitriding, boriding or selective laser or electron beam thermal treatments. Alternatively, there are various physical or chemical vapor deposition techniques that make it possible to create hard surface layers without thermal influencing of the base material. This Special Issue is devoted to the studies related (but not strictly limited) to the effects of different thermal or superficial treatments on microstructure, mechanical properties, wear performance and other important characteristics of iron-based and non-ferrous metals used in the today’s industry. Articles focused on treatments of not only steels but also aluminum, copper, magnesium and/or titanium alloys are welcome. Additionally, this SI is open for articles dealing with modelling of heat treatment processes and their impact on the resulting microstructures.

Dr. Pavel Novak
Dr. Peter Jurči
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • steels
  • non-ferrous alloys
  • heat treatment
  • thermo-chemical treatment
  • physical vapor deposition
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • wear performance

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 8640 KiB  
Article
Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Hardness, Fracture Toughness, and Wear Properties of Vanadis 6 Tool Steel
by Venu Yarasu, Peter Jurci, Jana Ptacinova, Ivo Dlouhy and Jakub Hornik
Materials 2024, 17(7), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071688 - 7 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1216
Abstract
The ability of cryogenic treatment to improve tool steel performance is well established; however, the selection of optimal heat treatment is pivotal for cost reduction and extended tool life. This investigation delves into the influence of distinct cryogenic and tempering treatments on the [...] Read more.
The ability of cryogenic treatment to improve tool steel performance is well established; however, the selection of optimal heat treatment is pivotal for cost reduction and extended tool life. This investigation delves into the influence of distinct cryogenic and tempering treatments on the hardness, fracture toughness, and tribological properties of Vanadis 6 tool steel. Emphasis was given to comprehending wear mechanisms, wear mode identification, volume loss estimation, and detailed characterization of worn surfaces through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and confocal microscopy. The findings reveal an 8–9% increase and a 3% decrease in hardness with cryogenic treatment compared to conventional treatment when tempered at 170 °C and 530 °C, respectively. Cryotreated specimens exhibit an average of 15% improved fracture toughness after tempering at 530 °C compared to conventional treatment. Notably, cryogenic treatment at −140 °C emerges as the optimum temperature for enhanced wear performance in both low- and high-temperature tempering scenarios. The identified wear mechanisms range from tribo-oxidative at lower contacting conditions to severe delaminative wear at intense contacting conditions. These results align with microstructural features, emphasizing the optimal combination of reduced retained austenite and the highest carbide population density observed in −140 °C cryogenically treated steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Treatment of Metallic Materials in Modern Industry—Volume II)
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13 pages, 9722 KiB  
Article
Effect of Secondary Phase on Electroless Ni Plating Behaviour of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Advanced Li-Ion Battery Case
by Byung-Hyun Shin, Seongjun Kim, Jinyong Park, Jung-Woo Ok, Doo-In Kim, Dohyung Kim and Jang-Hee Yoon
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1441; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061441 - 21 Mar 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1076
Abstract
The development of Li-ion battery cases requires superior electrical conductivity, strength, and corrosion resistance for both cathode and anode to enhance safety and performance. Among the various battery case materials, super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), which is composed of austenite and ferrite as [...] Read more.
The development of Li-ion battery cases requires superior electrical conductivity, strength, and corrosion resistance for both cathode and anode to enhance safety and performance. Among the various battery case materials, super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), which is composed of austenite and ferrite as two-phase stainless steel, exhibits outstanding strength and corrosion resistance. However, stainless steel, which is an iron-based material, tends to have lower electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, nickel-plating SDSS can achieve excellent electrical conductivity, making it suitable for Li-ion battery cases. Therefore, this study analysed the plating behaviour of SDSS plates after nickel plating to leverage their exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. Electroless Ni plating was performed to analyse the plating behaviour, and the plating behaviour was studied with reference to different plating durations. Heat treatment was conducted at 1000 °C for one hour, followed by cooling at 50 °C/s. Post-heat treatment, the analysis of phases was executed using FE-SEM, EDS, and EPMA. Electroless Ni plating was performed at 60–300 s. The plating duration after the heat treatment was up to 300 s, and the behaviour of the materials was observed using FE-SEM. The phase analysis concerning different plating durations was conducted using XRD. Post-heat treatment, the precipitated secondary phases in SAF2507 were identified as Sigma, Chi, and CrN, approximating a 13% distribution. During the electroless Ni plating, the secondary phase exhibited a plating rate equivalent to that of ferrite, entirely plating at around 180 s. Further increments in plating time displayed growth of the plating layer from the austenite direction towards the ferrite, accompanied by a reduced influence from the substrate. Despite the differences in composition, both the secondary phase and austenite demonstrated comparable plating rates, showing that electroless Ni plating on SDSS was primarily influenced by the substrate, a finding which was primarily confirmed through phase analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Treatment of Metallic Materials in Modern Industry—Volume II)
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