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Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications
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Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 February 2025 | Viewed by 11800

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sepanta Hosseinpour

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Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
Interests: tissue regeneration; bone tissue engineering; oral biology; evidence based dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Laurence J. Walsh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
Interests: dental prescribing; oral microbiology; biofilms; novel antimicrobials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chun Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
Interests: nanoparticles; surface modification; drug delivery; tissue engineering; bone regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Conventional dental materials have, for a long time, been utilized with the principle of ‘adopt, adapt, and improve’ and sometimes are even made up of personal recipes of individual clinicians. In recent years, almost all fields of dentistry have utilized novel materials in order to tackle technical and biological issues, improve clinical outcomes, and facilitate clinical procedures for patients as well as practitioners. Thanks to digital technology in the dental industry, various new materials have been developed in each field of dentistry: endodontics, prosthetics and restoration, periodontics, and orthodontics. For instance, the evolution and exponential diffusion of digital technologies has allowed the development of special materials to be used for CAD/CAM systems.

With the help of recent advances in nanotechnology, numerous next-generation materials have emerged on the dental material market. These novel materials have demonstrated several merits, for example, boosting the interaction of organic/inorganic constituents at the molecular level; allowing the incorporation of the material in the living tooth structure complex; and permitting the implantation and replacement of biomaterials. On the other hand, they have also raised several questions regarding the safety of clinical applications, clinical outcomes, side effects, etc. As often happens, numerous claims and challenges have not been accompanied with valid scientific research, and consequently the field requires clinically relevant investigation.

This Special Issue aims to highlight recent solutions and perspectives regarding problems with the materials used in dentistry, and provide wide-ranging knowledge related to the current trends in the field. It comprises clinical investigations, original research articles, and literature reviews focused on the latest advances and prospects of dental materials concerning all fields of dentistry.

Dr. Sepanta Hosseinpour
Prof. Dr. Laurence J Walsh
Dr. Chun Xu
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dental materials
  • biomaterials
  • nanomaterials
  • regenerative medicine
  • dental implants
  • tissue engineering
  • 3D-printing
  • regenerative endodontics
  • pulp regeneration
  • bioactive materials
  • dental adhesion
  • ceramics and prosthetic materials
  • CAD/CAM related materials
  • materials for orthodontics

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Class II Bulk-Fill, Self-Adhesive Composites, Alkasite, and High-Viscosity Glass Ionomer Restorations in Terms of Marginal and Internal Adaptation
by Agnès Sahli, Laurent Daeniker, Isaline Rossier, Luciana Caseiro, Enrico di Bella, Ivo Krejci and Tissiana Bortolotto
Materials 2024, 17(17), 4373; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17174373 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 709
Abstract
(1) Background: Restoring decayed teeth in young patients can be challenging. This calls for a simplification of the protocols through new biomaterials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation delivered by restorative materials applied on class II cavities [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Restoring decayed teeth in young patients can be challenging. This calls for a simplification of the protocols through new biomaterials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the marginal adaptation delivered by restorative materials applied on class II cavities by using a simplified protocol, before and after fatigue test, followed by the assessment of the internal adaptation. (2) Methods: Forty-eight human teeth were divided into six groups (n = 8). Dentinal fluid simulation was performed before restoring the class II cavities: Gr 1—adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick) and nanohybrid flowable composite (Clearfil Majesty ES Super Low Flow), Gr 2—adhesive (Clearfil Universal Bond Quick) and nanohybrid composite (Clearfil Majesty ES standard), Gr 3—bulk fill self-adhesive composite (Surefil One), Gr 4—bioactive powder-liquid filling material (Cention Forte), Gr 5—universal adhesive (Adhese Universal) and nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric Powerfill); and control group (CT)—high-viscosity glass ionomer (Equia Forte). Marginal adaptation was observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and compared before and after a fatigue test consisting of repeated thermal and mechanical cycles. The specimens were then cut mesio-distally, and internal adaptation was undertaken using SEM again. Repeated measures and one way ANOVA followed by a Fisher’s LSD test and Fisher’s LSD post hoc test were used in order to compare the statistically significant differences among groups. (3) Results: As for the marginal adaptation after loading, Cention Forte (58%) and Equia Forte HT (53%) were statistically equivalent and presented the highest results, followed by Clearfil Majesty ES Standard (32%) and Tetric Powerfill (27%), with Surefil One (8%) and Clearfil Majesty ES Flow Super Low (7%) showing the worst results. In terms of internal adaptation, Cention Forte (85%) and Clearfil Majesty ES Standard (74%) had the highest percentages of continuous margins. Tetric powerfill (56%) and Equia Forte HT (44%) showed statistically significantly lower results, followed by Clearfil Majesty ES Flow Super Low (33%) and eventually Surefil One (17%). (4) Conclusions: This in vitro study showed promising results for the marginal and internal adaptation of alkasite dual cured Cention Forte in the restoration of class II cavities. This material could be considered an interesting restorative alternative for the restoration of deciduous teeth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications)
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15 pages, 13512 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Characteristics of Individualized Biodegradable Augmentation Scaffold—In Vitro Pilot Study
by Roko Bjelica, Vladimir Prpić, Nenad Drvar, Amir Ćatić and Dragana Gabrić
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1419; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061419 - 20 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 980
Abstract
The alveolar ridge reconstruction of vertical and combined bone defects is a non-predictable procedure with varying percentages of success. The greatest challenge for vertical and combined bone augmentation is to maintain mechanical stability of the bone graft; therefore, it is mandatory to provide [...] Read more.
The alveolar ridge reconstruction of vertical and combined bone defects is a non-predictable procedure with varying percentages of success. The greatest challenge for vertical and combined bone augmentation is to maintain mechanical stability of the bone graft; therefore, it is mandatory to provide and preserve space for bone regeneration. The development of biomaterials and 3D printing has enabled the use of polymer scaffolds in the reconstruction of alveolar ridge defects. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of an innovative individualized biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold, under dynamic conditions, simulating biodegradation and the influence of masticatory forces. After the design and 3D printing of PLA scaffolds, two groups of 27 scaffolds were formed according to the compression testing procedure. The compression tests were performed in occlusal and lateral directions. In each of the two groups, nine subgroups of three scaffolds were formed for different testing periods during in vitro degradation with a total period of 16 weeks. Results showed that biodegradation and load application had no significant influence on mechanical characteristics of tested scaffolds. It can be concluded that simulated masticatory forces and biodegradation do not significantly influence the mechanical characteristics of an individualized biodegradable augmentation scaffold. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications)
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12 pages, 3333 KiB  
Article
Effect of Stabilized Martensite on the Long-Term Performance of Superelastic NiTi Endodontic Files
by Patricia Sánchez, Benedetta Vidi, Jesús Mena-Alvarez, Javier Gil, Cristina Rico and Juan Manuel Aragoneses
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4089; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114089 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1650
Abstract
One of the most used rotary files in endodontics is NiTi files due to their superelastic properties. This property means that this instrument has extraordinary flexion that can adapt to large angles inside the tooth canals. However, these files lose their superelasticity and [...] Read more.
One of the most used rotary files in endodontics is NiTi files due to their superelastic properties. This property means that this instrument has extraordinary flexion that can adapt to large angles inside the tooth canals. However, these files lose their superelasticity and fracture during use. The aim of this work is to determine the cause of fracture of the endodontic rotary files. For this purpose, 30 NiTi F6 SkyTaper® files (Komet, Germany) were used. Their chemical composition was determined by X-ray microanalysis, and their microstructure was determined by optical microscopy. Successive drillings were carried out with artificial tooth molds at 30, 45, and 70°. These tests were carried out at a temperature of 37 °C with a constant load controlled by a high sensitivity dynamometer of 5.5 N, and every five cycles were lubricated with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite. The cycles to fracture were determined, and the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Transformation (austenite to martensite) and retransformation (martensite to austenite) temperatures and enthalpies were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimeter at different endodontic cycles. The results showed an original austenitic phase with a Ms temperature of 15 °C and Af of 7 °C. Both temperatures increase with endodontic cycling, indicating that martensite forms at higher temperatures, and the temperature must be increased with cycling to retransform it to austenite. This fact indicates the stabilization of martensite with cycling, which is confirmed by the decrease in both transformation and retransformation enthalpies. The martensite is stabilized in the structure due to defects and does not retransform. This stabilized martensite has no superelasticity and, therefore, fractures prematurely. It has been possible to observe the stabilized martensite by studying the fractography, observing that the mechanism is by fatigue. The results showed that the files fracture earlier the greater the angle applied (for the tests at 70° at 280 s, at 45° at 385 s, and at 30° at 1200 s). As the angle increases, there is an increase in mechanical stress, and, therefore, the martensite stabilizes at lower cycles. To destabilize the martensite, a heat treatment can be carried out at 500 °C for 20 min, and the files recovers all its superelasticity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications)
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11 pages, 1439 KiB  
Article
Dentinal Tubule Penetrability and Bond Strength of Two Novel Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers
by Karissa Shieh, Jack Yang, Elsa Heng Zhu, Ove Andreas Peters and Sepanta Hosseinpour
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3309; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093309 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1894
Abstract
Background: Once the chemo-mechanical preparation of root canals is finished, achieving a complete seal of the root canal system becomes crucial in determining the long-term success of endodontic treatment. The important goals of root canal obturation are to minimize leakage and achieve an [...] Read more.
Background: Once the chemo-mechanical preparation of root canals is finished, achieving a complete seal of the root canal system becomes crucial in determining the long-term success of endodontic treatment. The important goals of root canal obturation are to minimize leakage and achieve an adequate seal. Thus, a material that possesses satisfactory mechanical characteristics, is biocompatible, and has the ability to penetrate the dentine tubules adequately is needed. Aim: This study aimed to compare the penetrability and bond strength between two calcium silicate-based sealers and an epoxy resin-based sealer, as well as examine the relationship between penetrability and bond strength for the different sealers. Method and materials: Thirty-nine recently extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth were instrumented and divided evenly into three groups (n = 13), according to the sealer used for obturation: AH Plus Jet, EndoSequence, and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer. Three teeth (30 slices) were randomly selected out of each for analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy to assess penetrability. The remaining ten teeth (90 slices) in each group were subject to push-out tests using a universal testing machine. All teeth were sectioned into nine transverse slices of 0.9 mm thickness for their respective tests (apical, middle, coronal). Results: AH Plus Jet exhibited significantly lower penetrability and significantly higher bond strength compared to EndoSequence BC sealer (p = 0.002) and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (p = 0.006). There was no significant difference between EndoSequence BC sealer and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in terms of either penetrability or bond strength. No correlation was found between penetrability and bond strength. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study and regardless of the location in the canal, the bioceramic based root canal sealers appeared to perform better than the epoxy resin-based sealer in terms of dentinal penetration rate. Further studies are required to compare other biomechanical properties of bioceramic sealers including setting characteristics and bacterial leakage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications)
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22 pages, 6711 KiB  
Article
Algorithm for Designing a Removable Complete Denture (RCD) Based on the FEM Analysis of Its Service Life
by Dmitry I. Grachev, Nurmukhamet S. Ruzuddinov, Anatoliy S. Arutyunov, Gadzhi D. Akhmedov, Lubov V. Dubova, Yaser N. Kharakh, Sergey V. Panin and Sergey D. Arutyunov
Materials 2022, 15(20), 7246; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207246 - 17 Oct 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3601
Abstract
(1) Background: The paper addresses the computer simulation and prediction of the service life of the base of removable complete dentures (RCDs) under typical loads caused by biting and chewing food. For this purpose, the finite element method (FEM) was used. It is [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The paper addresses the computer simulation and prediction of the service life of the base of removable complete dentures (RCDs) under typical loads caused by biting and chewing food. For this purpose, the finite element method (FEM) was used. It is assumed that various blocks of teeth, such as incisors, canines, premolars and molars, are subjected to cyclic impacts during a human life. (2) Methods: Both symmetric and asymmetric mastication (two- and one-sided loads, respectively) cases were considered. The load level was assumed to be 100 N, which corresponds to the average muscular compression force of typical human jaws. (3) Results: The FEM analysis of the stress–strain state evolution for RCDs under cyclic loads was carried out. Maps of equivalent lines were drawn for the denture base in terms of its durability. A multi-axial criterion was implemented to determine the number of cycles prior to failure by the mechanism of a normal opening mode crack. The FEM-based assessment of the service life of RCDs enabled us to establish the critical stress concentration areas, thereby allowing for further planning for the correction of an occlusal scheme or teeth inclinations. As a result, the service life of RCDs under cyclic loading can be improved. (4) Conclusions: An algorithm for designing RCDs in the case of edentulism based on the FEM simulation using commercial software as part of the procedure is proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications)
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11 pages, 1641 KiB  
Article
A Clinical Risk Assessment of a 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Scaffold by Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
by Ping Qi Lim, Sue Huey Lim, Maria Sherilyn, Tulio Fernandez-Medina, Sašo Ivanovski and Sepanta Hosseinpour
Materials 2022, 15(15), 5442; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155442 - 8 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1710
Abstract
This study aims to carry out a risk assessment to identify and rectify potential clinical risks of a 3D-printed patient-specific scaffold for large-volume alveolar bone regeneration. A survey was used to assess clinicians’ perceptions regarding the use of scaffolds in the treatment of [...] Read more.
This study aims to carry out a risk assessment to identify and rectify potential clinical risks of a 3D-printed patient-specific scaffold for large-volume alveolar bone regeneration. A survey was used to assess clinicians’ perceptions regarding the use of scaffolds in the treatment of alveolar defects and conduct a clinical risk assessment of the developed scaffold using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) framework. The response rate was 69.4% with a total of 41 responses received. Two particular failure modes were identified as a high priority through the clinical risk assessment conducted. The highest mean Risk Priority Number was obtained by “failure of healing due to patient risk factors” (45.7 ± 27.7), followed by “insufficient soft tissue area” (37.8 ± 24.1). Despite the rapid developments, finding a scaffold that is both biodegradable and tailored to the patient’s specific defect in cases of large-volume bone regeneration is still challenging for clinicians. Our results indicate a positive perception of clinicians towards this novel scaffold. The FMEA clinical risk assessment has revealed two failure modes that should be prioritized for risk mitigation (safe clinical translation). These findings are important for the safe transition to in-human trials and subsequent clinical use. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Dental Materials: Recent Developments, Advances, and Applications)
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