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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction and Building Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2023) | Viewed by 7635

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Dr. Mugahed Amran

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Guest Editor

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
Interests: high performance concrete; cementitious materials; eco-friendly concrete; concrete composite; heavyweight aggregates; waste recycling
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Prof. Dr. Natt Makul

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Guest Editor

Department of Building Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Phranakhon Rajabhat University, Bangkok 10220, Thailand
Interests: cement; concrete; high performance materials; self-consolidating concrete
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cementitious Materials and High Performance Concrete for civil engineering are the object of research in this special issue, dedicated to solving the scientific and technological problem of creating modified cement systems based on composite binders with the necessary performance characteristics.

Scientifically substantiated methods of regulating the processes of structure formation in polymineral hardening systems are considered in this special issue as a subject of research, corresponding to the fundamental application of the capabilities of finely dispersed multicomponent mixtures using natural and man-made raw materials. The specified subject of research correlates with the modern idea, which is a set of tasks for the design and operation of materials and structures that are not taken into account in the classical approaches in the production of materials and construction products from standard cement concretes.

Dr. Mugahed Amran
Prof. Dr. Natt Makul
Guest Editors

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Keywords

high strength concrete
composites
supplementary cementitious materials
aggregates
cleaner production
crystallization
concrete
waste recycling

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 13584 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Characteristics of Self-Hydration and Carbonation Reaction of Coal Ash from Circulating Fluidized-Bed Boiler by Absorption of CO₂

by Woong-Geol Lee, Myong-Shin Song and Seung-Min Kang

Materials 2023, 16(15), 5498; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155498 - 7 Aug 2023

Viewed by 936

Abstract

The by-products of the circulating fluidized-bed boiler combustion (CFBC) of coal exhibit self-hardening properties due to the calcium silicates generated by the reaction between SiO₂ and CaO, and the ettringite generated by the reaction of gypsum and quicklime with activated alumina. These reactions exhibit tendencies similar to that of the hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). In this study, the self-hydration and carbonation reaction mechanisms of CFBC by-products were analyzed. These CFBC by-products comprise a number of compounds, including Fe₂O₃, free CaO, and CaSO₄, in large quantities. The hydration product calcium aluminate (and/or ferrite) of calcium aluminate ferrite and sulfate was confirmed through instrumental analysis. The CFBC by-products attain hardening properties because of the carbonation reaction between calcium aluminate ferrite and CO₂. This can be identified as a self-hardening process because it does not require a supply of special ions from the outside. Through this study, it was confirmed that CFBC by-products generate CaCO₃ through carbonation, thereby densifying the pores of the hardened body and contributing to the development of compressive strength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cementitious Materials and High Performance Concrete)

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19 pages, 5835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Shale Powder on the Performance of Lightweight Ultra-High-Performance Concrete

by Kaizheng Guo and Qingjun Ding

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7225; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207225 - 17 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1459

Abstract

In this study, lightweight ultra-high-performance concrete (L-UHPC) was prepared by using SP to replace part of the cement. The main study investigated the effect of the amount of SP on the spread diameter, apparent density and mechanical properties of L-UHPC. The mechanism of the effect of SP on the hydration product of L-UHPC was studied and the pore structure of L-UHPC was also analyzed. The results show that the incorporation of SP can effectively improve the spread diameter and reduce the apparent density of L-UHPC to a certain extent. With the increase in SP content, the compressive strength of L-UHPC at 7 days of age did not change significantly. However, the compressive strengths at 3 and 28 days of age changed significantly. When the amount of SP was less than 12%, there was no significant decrease flexural and compressive strength at 28 days of age. However, the flexural and compressive strength of L-UHPC gradually decreased when the amount of SP was greater than 12%. The microstructure shows that SP can reduce the content of portlandite. This is mainly due to the fact that the addition of SP improved the stacking compactness of L-UHPC and promoted secondary hydration reactions. The content of portlandite and the hydration degree of cement were reduced. At the same time, the exothermic hydration of L-UHPC with SP was less, the hydration process was slow, and the exothermic rate of initial hydration was low. An appropriate amount of SP can effectively improve the pore structure of L-UHPC and significantly reduce the pore volume of harmful pores (50~200 nm). SP can make the L-UHPC structure more compact and has a positive effect on the development of L-UHPC strength. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cementitious Materials and High Performance Concrete)

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28 pages, 47227 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of Impact Resistance of High-Strength Portland Cement Concrete Containing Steel Fibers

by Mohammad Mohtasham Moein, Ashkan Saradar, Komeil Rahmati, Arman Hatami Shirkouh, Iman Sadrinejad, Vartenie Aramali and Moses Karakouzian

Materials 2022, 15(20), 7157; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15207157 - 14 Oct 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 2334

Abstract

Impact resistance of Portland cement concrete (PCC) is an essential property in various applications of PCC, such as industrial floors, hydraulic structures, and explosion-proof structures. Steel-fiber-fortified high-strength concrete testing was completed using a drop-weight impact assessment for impact strength. One mix was used to manufacture 320 concrete disc specimens cured in both humid and dry conditions. In addition, 30 cubic and 30 cylindrical specimens were used to evaluate the compressive and indirect tensile strengths. Steel fibers with hooked ends of lengths of 20, 30, and 50 mm were used in the concrete mixtures. Data on material strength were collected from impact testing, including the number of post-first-crack blows (INPBs), first-crack strength, and failure strength. Findings from the results concluded that all the steel fibers improved the mechanical properties of concrete. However, hooked steel fibers were more effective than crimped steel fibers in increasing impact strength, even with a smaller length-to-diameter ratio. Concrete samples containing hybrid fibers (hooked + crimped) also had lower compressive strength than the other fibers. Comparisons and analogies drawn between the test results and the static analyses (Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Kruskal–Wallis) show that the p-value of the analyses indicates a more normal distribution for curing in a humid environment. A significant difference was also observed between the energy absorptions of the reinforced mixtures into steel fibers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cementitious Materials and High Performance Concrete)

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18 pages, 7819 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coal Ash Enrichment with Its Full Use in Various Areas

by Victoria Petropavlovskaya, Tatiana Novichenkova, Mikhail Sulman, Kirill Petropavlovskii, Roman Fediuk and Mugahed Amran

Materials 2022, 15(19), 6610; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15196610 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1966

Abstract

Increasing the percentage of recycling of various industrial waste is an important step towards caring for the environment. Coal ash is one of the most large-tonnage wastes, which is formed as a result of the operation of thermal power plants. The aim of this work is to develop a technology for the complex processing of coal ash. The tasks to achieve this aim are to develop a technology for the complex enrichment and separation of coal ash into components, with the possibility of their use in various applications, in particular: processing the aluminosilicate part as a pozzolanic additive to cement; carbon underburning for fuel briquettes; the iron-containing part for metallurgy and fertilizers. Complex enrichment and separation into components of coal ash were carried out according to the author’s technology, which includes six stages: disintegration, flotation, two-stage magnetic separation, grinding, and drying. The aluminosilicate component has a fairly constant granulometric composition with a mode of 13.56 μm, a specific surface area of 1597.2 m²/kg, and a bulk density of 900 kg/m³. The compressive strength for seven and twenty-eight daily samples when Portland cement is replaced by 15% with an aluminosilicate additive, increases to 30–35%. According to the developed technology, high-calorie fuel briquettes are obtained from underburnt with a density of 1000–1200 kg/m³, a calorific value of 19.5–20 MJ/kg, and an ash content of 0.5–1.5%. The iron-containing component, recovered by two-stage magnetic separation, has the potential to be used in metallurgy as a coking additive, in particular for the production of iron and steel. In addition, an effective micro-fertilizer was obtained from the iron-containing component, which: is an excellent source of minerals; improves the quality of acidic soil; helps soil microorganisms decompose organic matter faster, turning it into elements available to plants; promotes rooting of seedlings; helps to more effectively deal with many pests and diseases. As a result, the complete utilization of coal ash in various applications has been achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cementitious Materials and High Performance Concrete)

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