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Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition
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Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2024) | Viewed by 16764

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mingchao Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Science, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
Interests: ceramics or glasses for extreme environmental applications; fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites; high-temperature-resistant adhesives; thermal radiation-resistant coating; flame retardant and thermal insulation coating
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the field of aerospace, extreme-high-temperature environment brings great difficulties to the design of aircraft. Advanced thermal protection systems are one key to ensuring the safe flight of aircraft, in which lightweight thermal insulation materials (porosity ceramics, fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, foam glasses et al.) are an important part of thermal protection systems.  Their installation and fixation usually require connections between superalloys, and the connection of dissimilar components is a key issue. High-temperature-resistant adhesives and thermal-radiation-resistant coating are necessary auxiliary materials for assembly. In some inflammable parts, fire-proof coatings and fire-extinguishing agents need to be added.

The first volume of the Materials Special Issue, titled "Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications" resonated remarkably within the scientific community, featuring a collection of sixteen high-quality publications. Encouraged by this success and recognizing the escalating interest among researchers in this dynamic field, we are excited to announce the initiation of a second volume for this Special Issue, inviting further valuable contributions.

The Special Issue will address the preparation, characterization, technologies, and applications of advanced ceramics, composites, glasses, adhesives, and coatings for extreme application. Special emphasis will be placed on the mechanical properties (specific strength), temperature/fire/radiation resistance, thermal properties (thermal stability, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion) composition, and structural evolution of materials. Toughening has always been the key to improving the properties of extreme-high-temperature materials, and the in situ growing of nano/micro phases is a low-cost, controllable, and efficient toughening method. This Special Issue also welcomes manuscripts on in situ toughening, especially the analysis of in situ growth and strengthening mechanisms.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following: ceramics or glasses for extreme environmental applications; porosity ceramics/composites; fiber-reinforced ceramic-based composites; high-temperature-resistant adhesives; thermal-radiation-resistant coating; flame-retardant coating, foam glasses; in situ nano/micro phases growth for reinforcement; advanced inorganic fire-extinguishing agents; the connection between ceramics and superalloys.

Dr. Mingchao Wang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ceramics or glasses for extreme environmental applications
  • high-temperature-resistant adhesives
  • flame-retardant coating
  • porosity ceramics
  • foam glasses
  • in situ nano/micro phases growth for reinforcement
  • lightweight thermal insulation material
  • advanced inorganic fire-extinguishing agents
  • the connection between ceramics and superalloys

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Published Papers (14 papers)

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15 pages, 5189 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Properties of Elastic Mullite Fibrous Porous Materials with Excellent High-Temperature Resistance and Thermal Stability
by Xiang Zhang, Xueying Zhang, Zhongyan Wang, Yunjia Xue, Anran Guo, Liwen Yan, Feng Hou and Jiachen Liu
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3235; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133235 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 762
Abstract
Mullite fiber felt is a promising material that may fulfill the demands of advanced flexible external thermal insulation blankets. However, research on the fabrication and performance of mullite fiber felt with high-temperature resistance and thermal stability is still lacking. In this work, mullite [...] Read more.
Mullite fiber felt is a promising material that may fulfill the demands of advanced flexible external thermal insulation blankets. However, research on the fabrication and performance of mullite fiber felt with high-temperature resistance and thermal stability is still lacking. In this work, mullite fibers were selected as raw materials for the fabrication of mullite fibrous porous materials with a three-dimensional net structure. Said materials’ high-temperature resistance and thermal stability were investigated by assessing the effects of various heat treatment temperatures (1100 °C, 1300 °C, and 1500 °C) on the phase composition, microstructure, and performance of their products. When the heat treatment temperature was below 1300 °C, both the phase compositions and microstructures of products exhibited stability. The compressive rebound rate of the product before and after 1100 °C reached 92.9% and 84.5%, respectively. The backside temperature of the as-prepared products was 361.6 °C when tested at 1500 °C for 4000 s. The as-prepared mullite fibrous porous materials demonstrated excellent high-temperature resistance, thermal stability, thermal insulation performance, and compressive rebound capacity, thereby indicating the great potential of the as-prepared mullite fibrous porous materials in the form of mullite fiber felt within advanced flexible external thermal insulation blankets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 4784 KiB  
Article
High-Emissivity Double-Layer ZrB2-Modified Coating on Flexible Aluminum Silicate Fiber Fabric with Enhanced Oxidation Resistance and Tensile Strength
by Wei Li, Xueying Zhang, Liwen Yan, Anran Guo, Haiyan Du and Jiachen Liu
Materials 2024, 17(13), 3234; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17133234 - 1 Jul 2024
Viewed by 781
Abstract
Fibers crystallize and become brittle at high temperatures for a long time, so the surface coating must maintain long-lasting emission performance, which requires superior antioxidant properties of the high-emissivity fillers. To improve the radiation performance of the coating and the tensile strength of [...] Read more.
Fibers crystallize and become brittle at high temperatures for a long time, so the surface coating must maintain long-lasting emission performance, which requires superior antioxidant properties of the high-emissivity fillers. To improve the radiation performance of the coating and the tensile strength of the fiber fabric, a double-layer coating with high emissivity was prepared on the surface of flexible aluminum silicate fiber fabric (ASFF) using MoSi2 and SiC as emissive agents. The incorporation of borosilicate glass into the outer coating during high-temperature oxidation of ZrB2 results in superior encapsulation of emitter particles, effectively filling the pores of the coating and significantly reducing the oxidation rate of MoSi2 and SiC. Furthermore, the addition of an intermediate ZrO2 layer enhances the fiber bundle’s toughness. The obtained double-coated ASFF exhibits an exceptionally high tensile strength of 57.6 MPa and a high bond strength of 156.2 kPa. After being subjected to a 3 h heating process, the emissivity exhibits a minimal decrease of only 0.032, while still maintaining a high value above 0.9. The thermal insulation composites, consisting of a flexible ASFF matrix and a ZrB2-modified double-layer coating, exhibit significant potential for broad applications in the field of thermal protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 3977 KiB  
Article
Reducing Water Absorption and Improving Flexural Strength of Aluminosilicate Ceramics by MnO2 Doping
by Bingxin Yang, Shaojun Lu, Caihong Li, Chen Fang, Yan Wan and Yangming Lin
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2557; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112557 - 25 May 2024
Viewed by 955
Abstract
As key performance indicators, the water absorption and mechanical strength of ceramics are highly associated with sintering temperature. Lower sintering temperatures, although favorable for energy saving in ceramics production, normally render the densification degree and water absorption of as-prepared ceramics to largely decline [...] Read more.
As key performance indicators, the water absorption and mechanical strength of ceramics are highly associated with sintering temperature. Lower sintering temperatures, although favorable for energy saving in ceramics production, normally render the densification degree and water absorption of as-prepared ceramics to largely decline and increase, respectively. In the present work, 0.5 wt.% MnO2, serving as an additive, was mixed with aluminosilicate ceramics using mechanical stirring at room temperature, achieving a flexural strength of 58.36 MPa and water absorption of 0.05% and lowering the sintering temperature by 50 °C concurrently. On the basis of the results of TG-DSC, XRD, MIP, and XPS, etc., we speculate that the MnO2 additive promoted the elimination of water vapor in the ceramic bodies, effectively suppressing the generation of pores in the sintering process and facilitating the densification of ceramics at a lower temperature. This is probably because the MnO2 transformed into a liquid phase in the sintering process flows into the gap between grains, which removed the gas inside pores and filled the pores, suppressing the generation of pores and the abnormal growth of grains. This study demonstrated a facile and economical method to reduce the porosity and enhance the densification degree in the practical production of aluminosilicate ceramics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 5789 KiB  
Article
Alumina Ceramics for Armor Protection via 3D Printing Using Different Monomers
by Dongjiang Zhang, Zhengang Liang, Xin Chen, Chunxu Pang, Xuncheng Guo and Xiqing Xu
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2506; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112506 - 23 May 2024
Viewed by 1070
Abstract
Alumina ceramic is an ideal candidate for armor protection, but it is limited by the difficult molding or machining process. Three-dimensional printing imparts a superior geometric flexibility and shows good potential in the preparation of ceramics for armor protection. In this work, alumina [...] Read more.
Alumina ceramic is an ideal candidate for armor protection, but it is limited by the difficult molding or machining process. Three-dimensional printing imparts a superior geometric flexibility and shows good potential in the preparation of ceramics for armor protection. In this work, alumina ceramics were manufactured via 3D printing, and the effects of different monomers on the photosensitive slurry and sintered ceramics were investigated. The photosensitive slurries using dipropylene glycol diacrylate (DPGDA) as a monomer displayed the optimal curing performance, with a low viscosity, small volume shrinkage and low critical exposure energy, and each of the above properties was conducive to a good curing performance in 3D printing, making it a suitable formula for 3D-printed ceramic materials. In the 3D-printed ceramics with DPGDA as a monomer, a dense and uniform microstructure was exhibited after sintering. In comparison, the sample with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) showed an anisotropic microstructure with interlayer gaps and a porosity of about 9.8%. Attributed to the dense uniform microstructure, the sample with DPGDA exhibited superior properties, including a relative density of 97.5 ± 0.5%, a Vickers hardness of 19.4 ± 0.8 GPa, a fracture toughness of 2.6 ± 0.27 MPa·m1/2, a bending strength of 690 ± 54 MPa, and a dynamic strength of 3.7 ± 0.6 GPa at a strain rate of 1200 s−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 7892 KiB  
Article
Facile Synthesis and Properties of Highly Porous Quartz Fiber-Reinforced Phenolic Resin Composites with High Strength
by Xin Tao, Yange Wan, Ruoyu Zhang, Yuqing Zhang, Yu Wang, Xiaolei Yu and Mingchao Wang
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2486; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112486 - 21 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
Lightweight and high-strength insulation materials have important application prospects in the aerospace, metallurgical, and nuclear industries. In this study, a highly porous silica fiber reinforced phenolic resin matrix composite was prepared by vacuum impregnation and atmospheric drying using quartz fiber needled felt as [...] Read more.
Lightweight and high-strength insulation materials have important application prospects in the aerospace, metallurgical, and nuclear industries. In this study, a highly porous silica fiber reinforced phenolic resin matrix composite was prepared by vacuum impregnation and atmospheric drying using quartz fiber needled felt as reinforcement and anhydrous ethanol as a pore-making agent. The effects of curing agent content on the structure, composition, density, and thermal conductivity of the composite were studied. The mechanical properties of the composite in the xy direction and z direction were analyzed. The results showed that this process can also produce porous phenolic resin (PR) with a density as low as 0.291 g/cm3, where spherical phenolic resin particles are interconnected to form a porous network structure with a particle size of about 5.43 μm. The fiber-reinforced porous PR had low density (0.372~0.397 g/cm3) and low thermal conductivity (0.085~0.095 W/m·K). The spherical phenolic resin particles inside the composite were well combined with the fiber at the interface and uniformly distributed in the fiber lap network. The composite possessed enhanced mechanical properties with compressive strength of 3.5–5.1 MPa in the xy direction and appeared as gradual compaction rather than destruction as the strain reached 30% in the z direction. This research provides a lightweight and high-strength insulation material with a simple preparation process and excellent performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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11 pages, 2834 KiB  
Article
The Impact of the Composition on the Properties of Simulated Lunar Mare Basalt Fibers
by Jin Liu, Lida Luo, Jiali Xu, Xiaoxu Zhu, Guoying Shi and Qingwei Wang
Materials 2024, 17(9), 2043; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17092043 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 842
Abstract
Lunar mare basalt is recognized as an important in situ resource on the lunar surface. However, the significant compositional variability of lunar mare basalts introduces uncertainties concerning the potential for their use in fabricating fibers and composite materials. This study investigates the impact [...] Read more.
Lunar mare basalt is recognized as an important in situ resource on the lunar surface. However, the significant compositional variability of lunar mare basalts introduces uncertainties concerning the potential for their use in fabricating fibers and composite materials. This study investigates the impact of different components on the fiber-forming capabilities of mare basalts by simulating the compositions of basalts collected from several well-known lunar missions and then preparing simulated lunar mare basalt fibers. Raman spectroscopy is primarily employed for analysis and characterization, using “peak area normalization” to explore the impact of compositional fluctuations in the simulated lunar mare basalts on the glass network structure. The findings indicate that an increase in the Fe content raises the likelihood of basalt fibers crystallizing. Additionally, Fe3+ is shown to substitute for Si and Al in constructing bridging oxygen bonds in the network structure, albeit reducing the overall polymerization of the network. Meanwhile, Fe2+ acts as a network modifier to enhance the mechanical properties of the fibers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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12 pages, 5089 KiB  
Article
Flexible and Compressible Nanostructure-Assembled Aramid Nanofiber/Silica Composites Aerogel
by Chensi Zhang, Jiangtao Li, Junpeng Jiang, Xiaoxia Hu, Shuo Yang, Kuan Wang, Anran Guo and Haiyan Du
Materials 2024, 17(9), 1938; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17091938 - 23 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1190
Abstract
The Applications of silica aerogel are limited due to its brittleness and low strength. As a result, it is essential to strengthen and toughen it. Organic nanofibers are one of the preferred reinforcement materials. In this work, we designed and fabricated flexible and [...] Read more.
The Applications of silica aerogel are limited due to its brittleness and low strength. As a result, it is essential to strengthen and toughen it. Organic nanofibers are one of the preferred reinforcement materials. In this work, we designed and fabricated flexible and compressible nanostructure-assembled aramid nanofiber/silica composites aerogel (ANF/SiO2 aerogel) to improve the mechanical strength and flexibility of silica aerogel without compromising thermal insulation properties. The aramid nanofiber/silica composite aerogels were prepared by immersing the aramid nanofiber wet gel into the silica sol for a certain period of time followed by freeze drying without solvent replacement. The surface modifier 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was used as a coupling agent to form chemical linkage between the ANF fiber and silica gel. It was observed that APTES can effectively drive the silica sol to infuse into ANF hydrogel, promoting the assembly of silica gel onto the fiber surface and a uniform distribution in the network of ANF. The compressive resilience, thermal stability, and thermal insulation properties of the composite aerogels were evaluated by inducing the silica aerogel into the ANF network to form a protective layer on the fiber and change the pore structure in the ANF network. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 15259 KiB  
Article
(Ba0.55Sr0.45)1−xLaxTi1.01O3-Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 Positive Temperature Coefficient Resistivity Ceramics with Low Curie Temperature (~−15 °C)
by Wanlu Xu, Wenwu Wang, Xiaoshan Zhang and Ping Yu
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1812; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081812 - 15 Apr 2024
Viewed by 831
Abstract
Positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (PTCR) materials with low Curie temperature have been paid increasing attention lately. In this study, PTCR materials with a Curie temperature of approximately −15 °C were investigated by La3+ doping Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 [...] Read more.
Positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity (PTCR) materials with low Curie temperature have been paid increasing attention lately. In this study, PTCR materials with a Curie temperature of approximately −15 °C were investigated by La3+ doping Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3 ceramics. It could be expected to meet the requirements of thermal management systems for low-temperature control. In addition, a trace amount of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) was employed to improve the resistivity and the PTCR performance. A significant PTCR effect was achieved with a high resistivity jump of nearly four orders of magnitude, a high temperature coefficient of ~28.76%/°C, and a narrow transition temperature span of 22 °C in the (Ba0.55Sr0.45)0.99875La0.00125Ti1.01O3-0.0025Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 ceramics. The PTCR enhancement mechanism of BNT is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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17 pages, 4008 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Dielectric Properties of Alkali-Free Aluminoborosilicate Glasses by Considering the Contributions of Electronic and Ionic Polarizabilities in the GHz Frequency Range
by Linganna Kadathala, Young-Ouk Park, Myoung-Kyu Oh, Won-Taek Han and Bok Hyeon Kim
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061404 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1045
Abstract
Recently, the investigation of the dielectric properties of glasses in the GHz frequency range has attracted great interest for use in printed circuit boards (PCBs) as a reinforcing material in the application of high-speed 5G/6G communications. In particular, glasses with low dielectric properties [...] Read more.
Recently, the investigation of the dielectric properties of glasses in the GHz frequency range has attracted great interest for use in printed circuit boards (PCBs) as a reinforcing material in the application of high-speed 5G/6G communications. In particular, glasses with low dielectric properties are a prerequisite for high-frequency applications. In this study, the GHz dielectric properties of alkali-free aluminoborosilicate glasses without and with La2O3 were analyzed using the Clausius–Mossotti equation where both the electronic and ionic polarizabilities contribute to the dielectric constant. The dielectric polarizability (αD) and oxide ion polarizability (αO2−) were calculated from the measured dielectric constant (εGHz) at 1 GHz and the glass density. The dielectric constants (εopt) at the optical frequencies and electronic polarizabilities (αe) of the glasses were calculated from the refractive index measured at 633 nm and the glass density. The εGHz values were found to be significantly higher than the εopt values in both series of glasses, due to the ionic polarizability (αi), which contributes additionally to the εGHz. The lower dielectric constants of the La2O3-incoporated glasses than that of the reference glass without La2O3 may be due to the lower ionic polarizability originated from the incorporation of the high cation field strength of the La3+ ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 7169 KiB  
Article
Zirconia Toughened Alumina Ceramics via Forming Intragranular Structure
by Junguo Li, Qiwang Cai, Guoqiang Luo, Xinyu Zhong, Qiang Shen, Rong Tu, Xiaoping Guo and Renchi Ding
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061309 - 12 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1590
Abstract
The distribution of second phase particles in the microstructure of composite ceramics affects the mechanical properties, and the intragranular structures often result in better properties compared to the intergranular structures. However, it is difficult to obtain composite ceramics with intragranular structure by conventional [...] Read more.
The distribution of second phase particles in the microstructure of composite ceramics affects the mechanical properties, and the intragranular structures often result in better properties compared to the intergranular structures. However, it is difficult to obtain composite ceramics with intragranular structure by conventional route. To produce composite ceramics with an intragranular structure in a simpler route. In this work, starting powders with different phase compositions were obtained by the co-precipitation method, and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA) composite ceramics were prepared with these starting powders by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The results show that it is easier to fabricate ZTA composite ceramics with an intragranular structure by using composite powders containing amorphous or transition phase Al2O3 as starting materials. The phase composition of the powder prepared by the co-precipitation method after calcination at 1100 °C is θ-Al2O3 and t-ZrO2, and the average grain size after sintering at 1500 °C is 1.04 ± 0.28 µm, and the maximum Vickers hardness and fracture toughness of the specimens reach 19.37 ± 0.43 GPa and 6.18 ± 0.06 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The ZrO2 particles were the core of crystallization and grow together with the Al2O3 matrix, forming the intragranular structure of ZTA ceramics. This work may provide a new idea for preparing composite ceramics with intragranular structure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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15 pages, 22482 KiB  
Article
Preparation of Ceramic Fiber Threads with Enhanced Abrasion Resistance Performance
by Xueying Zhang, Feng Hou, Haiyan Du, Liwen Yan, Anran Guo, Xiaohui Ma and Jiachen Liu
Materials 2024, 17(3), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17030599 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1233
Abstract
Ceramic fiber thread is one of the key components in flexible external thermal insulation blankets, and it has been applied in various fields as a flexible ceramic fibrous material with excellent deformability and high-temperature resistance. However, ceramic fiber threads are often subjected to [...] Read more.
Ceramic fiber thread is one of the key components in flexible external thermal insulation blankets, and it has been applied in various fields as a flexible ceramic fibrous material with excellent deformability and high-temperature resistance. However, ceramic fiber threads are often subjected to reciprocating friction motion at specific bending angles, making them highly susceptible to abrade and fracture. Enhancing the abrasion resistance performance of ceramic fiber threads under bending conditions is the future trend and remains a significant challenge. Hence, we design and construct a novel polyurethane-modified coating on the ceramic fiber threads to improve their abrasion resistance performance. The effects of the types and concentrations of modifiers on the microstructure, abrasion resistance property, and tensile property of ceramic fiber threads are systematically investigated. The ceramic fiber threads, after modification with hexamethylene diisocyanate waterborne polyurethane (HDI-WPU) with a concentration of 3%, exhibit excellent abrasion resistance properties. The number of friction cycles at fracture of the modified ceramic fiber thread is more than three times, and the tensile strength is more than one and a half times, that of the original ceramic fiber thread, demonstrating the great potential of the HDI-WPU modifier for enhancing the abrasion resistance performance of ceramic fiber threads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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22 pages, 15648 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Different Diluents and Curing Agents on the Performance of Epoxy Resin-Based Intumescent Flame-Retardant Coatings
by Xukun Yang, Yange Wan, Nan Yang, Yilin Hou, Dantong Chen, Jiachen Liu, Guoshuai Cai and Mingchao Wang
Materials 2024, 17(2), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020348 - 10 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
The epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents on the flame-retardant and mechanical [...] Read more.
The epoxy resin-based (ESB) intumescent flame-retardant coatings were modified with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (14BDDE) and butyl glycidyl ether (BGE) as diluents and T403 and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as curing agents, respectively. The effects of different diluents and curing agents on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties, as well as the composition evolution of the coatings, were investigated by using large-plate combustion, the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion, a cone calorimeter, X-ray diffraction, FTIR analysis, a N2 adsorption and desorption test, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a tensile strength test, and a viscosity test. The results showed that the addition of 14BBDE and T403 promoted the oxidation of B4C and the formation of boron-containing glass or ceramics, increased the residual mass of char, densified the surface char layer, and increased the specific surface area of porous residual char. When their dosage was 30%, ESB-1T-3 coating exhibited the most excellent flame-retardant properties. During the 2 h large-plate combustion test, the backside temperature was only 138.72 °C, without any melting pits. In addition, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release rate (THR), total smoke production (TSP), and peak smoke production (PSPR) were reduced by 13.15%, 13.9%, 5.48%, and 17.45%, respectively, compared to the blank ESB coating. The LOI value reached 33.4%, and the vertical combustion grade was V-0. In addition, the tensile strength of the ESB-1T-3 sample was increased by 10.94% compared to ESB. In contrast, the addition of BGE and DDM promoted the combustion of the coating, affected the ceramic process of the coating, seriously affected the formation of borosilicate glass, and exhibited poor flame retardancy. The backside temperature reached 190.93 °C after 2 h combustion. A unified rule is that as the amount of diluent and curing agent increases, the flame retardancy improves while the mechanical properties decrease. This work provides data support for the preparation and process optimization of resin-based coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 3193 KiB  
Article
High Emissivity MoSi2-SiC-Al2O3 Coating on Rigid Insulation Tiles with Enhanced Thermal Protection Performance
by Xukun Yang, Yange Wan, Jiancun Li, Jiachen Liu, Mingchao Wang and Xin Tao
Materials 2024, 17(1), 220; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010220 - 30 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1582
Abstract
High emissivity coatings with sol as the binder have the advantages of room temperature curing, good thermal shock resistance, and high emissivity; however, only silica sol has been used in the current systems. In this study, aluminum sol was used as the binder [...] Read more.
High emissivity coatings with sol as the binder have the advantages of room temperature curing, good thermal shock resistance, and high emissivity; however, only silica sol has been used in the current systems. In this study, aluminum sol was used as the binder for the first time, and MoSi2 and SiC were used as emittance agents to prepare a high emissivity MoSi2-SiC-Al2O3 coating on mullite insulation tiles. The evolution of structure and composition at 1000–1400 °C, the spectral emissivity from 200 nm to 25 μm, and the insulation performance were studied. Compared with the coating with silica sol as a binder, the MoSi2-SiC-Al2O3 coating has better structural uniformity and greater surface roughness and can generate mullite whiskers at lower temperatures. The total emissivity is 0.922 and 0.897, respectively, at the wavelength range of 200–2500 nm and 2.5–25 μm, and the superior emissivity at a low wavelength (<10 μm) is related to a higher surface roughness and reduced feature absorption. The emissivity reduction related to the oxidation of emittance agents at a high temperature (−10.2%) is smaller than that of the silica-sol-bonded coating (−18.6%). The cold surface temperature of the coated substrate is 215 °C lower than the bare substrate, suggesting excellent thermal insulation performance of the coating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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34 pages, 815 KiB  
Review
State of the Art Review for Titanium Fluorine Glasses and Glass Ceramics
by Brenna Kettlewell and Daniel Boyd
Materials 2024, 17(6), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061403 - 19 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1106
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and fluorine (F) have the potential to provide a variety of desirable physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties applicable to a broad range of indications. Consequently, Ti- and F-containing glasses and glass ceramics are currently under investigation for use in nuclear, [...] Read more.
Titanium (Ti) and fluorine (F) have the potential to provide a variety of desirable physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological properties applicable to a broad range of indications. Consequently, Ti- and F-containing glasses and glass ceramics are currently under investigation for use in nuclear, optical, electrochemical, dental, and industrial fields. Accordingly, significant interest exists with respect to understanding the individual and interaction effects that these elements have on material structure and properties to support the accelerated design, development, and deployment of these materials. This review aims to serve as a foundational reference across multiple disciplines, highlighting the fundamental properties and versatility of Ti- and F-containing glasses and glass ceramics. By consolidating our current knowledge of these materials, this broad overview will identify areas in which we can further our understanding to support the a priori prediction and effective design of these systems. Finally, this paper will introduce the potential to improve material design by integrating experimentation, modelling, and computational approaches in a manner commensurate with the principles of the Materials Genome Initiative. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Ceramic and Glass Materials: Preparation, Characterization and Applications—2nd Edition)
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