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Physical Anti-Bacterial Nanostructured Biomaterials
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Physical Anti-Bacterial Nanostructured Biomaterials

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2018) | Viewed by 23154

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Elena Ivanova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
Interests: nanobiotechnology; biomimetic biomaterials; nanofabrication; antibacterial nanostructured surfaces
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Russell Crawford

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
Interests: surface chemistry; biofilms; antimicrobial surfaces; colloid science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial surfaces are receiving a significant amount of interest, particularly over the last five years. Surfaces, such as those are being developed, are one method to stem the increasing prevalence of microbial contamination of medical and industrial surfaces. In recent years, certain nanostructured surfaces have been shown to exhibit high levels of biocidal action, with this behaviour arising from physical, rather than chemical, action. Such surfaces include those containing particular nanotopologies, including those that are found on some insect wing surfaces, such as those of cicadae, damselflies and dragonflies. The activity of these surfaces has been shown to arise from interactions of a physical nature, where the nanostructures on the substrates disrupt the cell wall structure of the attaching pathogenic cells. 

This Special Issue of Materials will report on recent advances being made in the identification and development of the nanostructured biomaterials that exhibit anti-bacterial behaviour, where the origin of this action arises from physical interactions at the cell–substrate interface.

Prof. Dr. Elena  Ivanova
Prof. Dr. Russell Crawford
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Antimicrobial Surfaces
  • Nanostructured Biomaterials
  • Nanotopology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3060 KiB  
Article
The Fate of Osteoblast-Like MG-63 Cells on Pre-Infected Bactericidal Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces
by Jason V. Wandiyanto, Vi Khanh Truong, Mohammad Al Kobaisi, Saulius Juodkazis, Helmut Thissen, Olha Bazaka, Kateryna Bazaka, Russell J. Crawford and Elena P. Ivanova
Materials 2019, 12(10), 1575; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12101575 - 14 May 2019
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 5683
Abstract
Biomaterials that have been newly implanted inside the body are the substratum targets for a “race for the surface”, in which bacterial cells compete against eukaryotic cells for the opportunity to colonize the surface. A victory by the former often results in biomaterial-associated [...] Read more.
Biomaterials that have been newly implanted inside the body are the substratum targets for a “race for the surface”, in which bacterial cells compete against eukaryotic cells for the opportunity to colonize the surface. A victory by the former often results in biomaterial-associated infections, which can be a serious threat to patient health and can undermine the function and performance of the implant. Moreover, bacteria can often have a ‘head start’ if implant contamination has taken place either prior to or during the surgery. Current prevention and treatment strategies often rely on systemic antibiotic therapies, which are becoming increasingly ineffective due to a growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Nanostructured surfaces that kill bacteria by physically rupturing bacterial cells upon contact have recently emerged as a promising solution for the mitigation of bacterial colonization of implants. Furthermore, these nanoscale features have been shown to enhance the adhesion and proliferation of eukaryotic cells, which is a key to, for example, the successful osseointegration of load-bearing titanium implants. The bactericidal activity and biocompatibility of such nanostructured surfaces are often, however, examined separately, and it is not clear to what extent bacterial cell-surface interactions would affect the subsequent outcomes of host-cell attachment and osseointegration processes. In this study, we investigated the ability of bactericidal nanostructured titanium surfaces to support the attachment and growth of osteoblast-like MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells, despite them having been pre-infected with pathogenic bacteria. MG-63 is a commonly used osteoblastic model to study bone cell viability, adhesion, and proliferation on the surfaces of load-bearing biomaterials, such as titanium. The nanostructured titanium surfaces used here were observed to kill the pathogenic bacteria, whilst simultaneously enhancing the growth of MG-63 cells in vitro when compared to that occurring on sterile, flat titanium surfaces. These results provide further evidence in support of nanostructured bactericidal surfaces being used as a strategy to help eukaryotic cells win the “race for the surface” against bacterial cells on implant materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Anti-Bacterial Nanostructured Biomaterials)
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10 pages, 2596 KiB  
Article
Antimicrobial Features of Organic Functionalized Graphene-Oxide with Selected Amines
by Irina Zarafu, Ioana Turcu, Daniela C. Culiță, Simona Petrescu, Marcela Popa, Mariana C. Chifiriuc, Carmen Limban, Alexandra Telehoiu and Petre Ioniță
Materials 2018, 11(9), 1704; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11091704 - 13 Sep 2018
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5026
Abstract
(1) Background: Graphene oxide is a new carbon-based material that contains functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, epoxy) and therefore can be easily functionalized with organic compounds of interest, yielding hybrid materials with important properties and applications. (2) Methods: Graphene oxide has been obtained [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Graphene oxide is a new carbon-based material that contains functional groups (carboxyl, hydroxyl, carbonyl, epoxy) and therefore can be easily functionalized with organic compounds of interest, yielding hybrid materials with important properties and applications. (2) Methods: Graphene oxide has been obtained by a modified Hummers method and activated by thionyl chloride in order to be covalently functionalized with amines. Thus obtained hybrid materials were characterized by infrared and Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy and then tested for their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. (3) Results: Eight amines of interest were used to functionalize grapheme oxide and the materials thus obtained were tested against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacterial strainsin plankonic and biofilm growth state. Both amines, as well as the functionalized materials, exhibited anti-microbial features. Three to five functionalized graphene oxide materials exhibited improved inhibitory activity against planktonic strains as compared with the respective amines. In exchange, the amines alone proved generally more efficient against biofilm-embedded cells. (4) Conclusions: Such hybrid materials may have a wide range of potential use in biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Anti-Bacterial Nanostructured Biomaterials)
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13 pages, 9442 KiB  
Article
Pheochromocytoma (PC12) Cell Response on Mechanobactericidal Titanium Surfaces
by Jason V. Wandiyanto, Denver Linklater, Pallale G. Tharushi Perera, Anna Orlowska, Vi Khanh Truong, Helmut Thissen, Shahram Ghanaati, Vladimir Baulin, Russell J. Crawford, Saulius Juodkazis and Elena P. Ivanova
Materials 2018, 11(4), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040605 - 14 Apr 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 5869
Abstract
Titanium is a biocompatible material that is frequently used for making implantable medical devices. Nanoengineering of the surface is the common method for increasing material biocompatibility, and while the nanostructured materials are well-known to represent attractive substrata for eukaryotic cells, very little information [...] Read more.
Titanium is a biocompatible material that is frequently used for making implantable medical devices. Nanoengineering of the surface is the common method for increasing material biocompatibility, and while the nanostructured materials are well-known to represent attractive substrata for eukaryotic cells, very little information has been documented about the interaction between mammalian cells and bactericidal nanostructured surfaces. In this study, we investigated the effect of bactericidal titanium nanostructures on PC12 cell attachment and differentiation—a cell line which has become a widely used in vitro model to study neuronal differentiation. The effects of the nanostructures on the cells were then compared to effects observed when the cells were placed in contact with non-structured titanium. It was found that bactericidal nanostructured surfaces enhanced the attachment of neuron-like cells. In addition, the PC12 cells were able to differentiate on nanostructured surfaces, while the cells on non-structured surfaces were not able to do so. These promising results demonstrate the potential application of bactericidal nanostructured surfaces in biomedical applications such as cochlear and neuronal implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Anti-Bacterial Nanostructured Biomaterials)
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1009 KiB  
Article
Arrest of Root Carious Lesions via Sodium Fluoride, Chlorhexidine and Silver Diamine Fluoride In Vitro
by Gerd Göstemeyer, Felix Schulze, Sebastian Paris and Falk Schwendicke
Materials 2018, 11(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11010009 - 22 Dec 2017
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 5882
Abstract
Objective: To compare the root carious lesion arrest of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes and/or sodium fluoride rinses (NaF) in vitro. Background: Effective and easily applicable interventions for treating root carious lesions are needed, as these lesions are highly prevalent [...] Read more.
Objective: To compare the root carious lesion arrest of chlorhexidine (CHX) and silver diamine fluoride (SDF) varnishes and/or sodium fluoride rinses (NaF) in vitro. Background: Effective and easily applicable interventions for treating root carious lesions are needed, as these lesions are highly prevalent amongst elderly individuals. Methods: In 100 bovine dentin samples, artificial root carious lesions were induced using acetic acid and a continuous-culture Lactobacillus rhamnosus biofilm model. One quarter of each induced lesion was excavated and baseline dentinal bacterial counts assessed as Colony-Forming-Units (CFU) per mg. Samples were allocated to one of four treatments (n = 25/group): (1) untreated control; (2) 38% SDF or (3) 35% CHX varnish, each applied once, plus 500 ppm daily NaF rinse in the subsequent lesion progression phase; and (4) daily NaF rinses only. Samples were re-transferred to the biofilm model and submitted to a cariogenic challenge. After six days, another quarter of each lesion was used to assess bacterial counts and the remaining sample was used to assess integrated mineral loss (ΔZ) using microradiography. Results: ΔZ did not differ significantly between control (median (25th/75th percentiles): 9082 (7859/9782) vol % × µm), NaF (6704 (4507/9574) and SDF 7206 (5389/8082)) (p < 0.05/Kruskal–Wallis test). CHX significantly reduced ΔZ (3385 (2447/4496)) compared with all other groups (p < 0.05). Bacterial numbers did not differ significantly between control (1451 (875/2644) CFU/µg) and NaF (750 (260/1401)) (p > 0.05). SDF reduced bacterial counts (360 (136/1166)) significantly compared with control (p < 0.05). CHX reduced bacterial counts (190 (73/517)) significantly compared with NaF and control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: CHX varnish plus regular NaF rinses arrested root carious lesions most successfully. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Anti-Bacterial Nanostructured Biomaterials)
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