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State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 12539

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Corneliu Munteanu

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Mechanical Engineering, Mechatronics and Robotics Department, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
Interests: biomaterials; biodegradable materials; coatings; microstructural analysis; heat treatments
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Prof. Dr. Cornel Samoilǎ

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Guest Editor

1. Romanian Technical Science Academy, Bucharest, Romania
2. Department of Materials Science, “Transylvania” University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania
Interests: nanomaterials; materials science; composites; ceramics; biomaterials; surface functionalization; testing and characterization of materials; noise and fluctuations applied on materials science; nanotechnologies in heat treatments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Ioan Vida-Simiti

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Guest Editor

Department of Materials Science and Technology, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: material characterization; microstructure; mechanical properties; mechanical behavior of materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have the pleasure of inviting you to submit a manuscript for the forthcoming Special Issue “State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy”, for the journal “Materials” ISSN 1996-1944.

The Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences is a forum of excellence that operates on a national and European level, which includes leading figures in the field of engineering, and strives to promote the development of scientific research on a national and global level, as well as technical creation and higher education engineering. The value of the scientific personalities within the Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences stimulates the solution of complex technical problems of a constantly changing society, dominated by the special advances in the fields of science and technology. Materials presents a research challenge in various fields, such as biomedical, security and defence, electronics, aerospace and automotive, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and natural science.

The aim of this Special Issue is to publish selected and original scientific papers written by Romanian scientists, describing research work carried out on materials using the latest technological advancements. As a result, our invitation is to make as many proposals as possible to publish research topics that fall within the broader field of Materials Science and Engineering.

To resume the achievements of recent years in this field, the current Special Issue aims to cover all aspects connected with the synthesis, design, manufacturing, and characterization of advanced materials.
The Special Issue shall publish articles, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

biocompatible and biodegradable materials;
surface and interface engineering to improve the materials’ performance;
functional materials;
structure-property relationships;
thermal analysis and heat treatments;
microstructure characterization;
the relationship between structure, properties, and materials applications;
mechanical properties;
corrosion resistance and electrochemical analysis;
in vivo and in vitro studies;
modeling and simulation for additive manufacturing;
additive manufacturing of advanced materials: metals, ceramics, and polymers;
polymers used in various applications;
nanomaterials and their applications.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit a manuscript for this Special Issue, welcoming full original research papers, communications, and review articles, to be submitted before 20 March 2023.

Prof. Dr. Corneliu Munteanu
Prof. Dr. Cornel Samoilǎ
Prof. Dr. Ioan Vida-Simiti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

advanced materials
industrial application
biomedical applications
microstructure and mechanical properties
corrosion resistance
coatings
modelling and simulation
additive manufacturing
polymers
nanomaterials and their applications

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 8131 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interdisciplinary Research on Medieval Fresco Subjected to Degradation Processes in the Corbii de Piatră Cave Church

by Adriana Elena Vâlcea, Izabela Mariș, Aurelian Denis Negrea, Nicanor Cimpoeșu, Gheorghe Gârbea, Dorin Grecu, Sorin Georgian Moga, Bogdan Istrate, Flavio Nicolae Finta, Alin Daniel Rizea, Daniel-Constantin Anghel, Corneliu Munteanu, Mircea Ionuț Petrescu and Mărioara Abrudeanu

Materials 2023, 16(15), 5257; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155257 - 26 Jul 2023

Viewed by 1007

Abstract

This paper presents research on the degradation processes of the fresco painting in the cave church of Corbii de Piatră Hermitage under the influence of meteoric infiltration water and environmental factors. The medieval fresco dates from the end of the 13th century and the beginning of the 14th century, being painted on a sandstone wall. The infiltration of meteoric water through this wall, the temperature variations, the environment and the repeated wetting/drying processes determined the degradation of the fresco, resulting in its detachment from large surfaces. This research established correlations between the processes that take place, the structural transformations, the changes in composition and the adhesion of the fresco to the sandstone wall. The results have been made available to conservation and restoration specialists, in order to choose appropriate materials and technologies. This paper presents findings regarding the pictorial material and introduces new analysis techniques in research on the degradation processes of the fresco painting in the cave church of Corbii de Piatră Hermitage under the influence of meteoric infiltration water and environmental factors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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15 pages, 6898 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Evaluation of the Fatigue Behavior and Failure Mechanisms of 4340 Steel Coated with WIP-C1 (Ni/CrC) by Cold Spray

by Viorel Goanță, Corneliu Munteanu, Sinan Müftü, Bogdan Istrate, Patricia Schwartz, Samuel Boese, Gehn Ferguson, Ciprian-Ionuț Morăraș and Adrian Stefan

Materials 2022, 15(22), 8116; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228116 - 16 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1813

Abstract

Fatigue behavior of standardized 4340 steel samples uniformly coated with WIP-C1 (Ni/CrC) by cold spray was investigated. In particular, when a crack appeared at the interface between the base material and the coating, the cause of it as well as its shape and size were investigated. Fatigue loading was applied by alternating symmetrical cycles. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the onset of failure and the subsequent propagation of cracks. The interface between the two materials performed well—in all samples, the initial crack propagation occurred on the surface of the base material, continuing into the coating material and in the interior of the base material. The fatigue durability curve of stress vs. number of cycles (S-N) presented a conventional form for a metallic alloy and the coating material had an influence only on the damage on the surface of the base material. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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14 pages, 10367 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spark Plasma Sintered Soft Magnetic Composite Based on Fe-Si-Al Surface Oxidized Powders

by Traian Florin Marinca, Bogdan Viorel Neamțu, Florin Popa, Amalia Mesaroș and Ionel Chicinaș

Materials 2022, 15(22), 7875; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227875 - 8 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1463

Abstract

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) need a stable matrix to apply heat treatments for enhancing their magnetic characteristics. A stable matrix can be offered by alumina, but the densification of the ferromagnetic particles covered by this oxide (by sintering) can be very difficult. This paper proposes a feasible synthesis route for obtaining alumina matrix SMCs. An Fe-Si-Al alloy with nominal composition Fe85Si9Al6 was obtained by mechanical alloying of elemental Fe, Si, and Al powders, and further, the as-milled powders were superficially oxidized by immersion in HCl solution. The oxide layer was composed of iron, silicon, and aluminum oxides, as the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy technique revealed. The Fe-Si-Al@oxide powder was densified by the spark plasma sintering technique—SPS. Upon sintering, a continuous matrix of oxide (mainly alumina) was formed by the reaction of the Fe-Si-Al powder coreswith their oxide layer. The main part of the composite compacts after sintering consisted of an Fe₃Si-ordered phase dispersed in an oxide matrix. The DC and AC tests of magnetic composite compacts showed that upon increasing the sintering temperature, the density, magnetic induction, and magnetic permeability increased. The initial magnetic permeability was constant in the entire range of testing frequencies and the magnetic losses increased linearly. The stability of the magnetic characteristics in frequency is promising for developing further such types of magnetic composite. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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12 pages, 5404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Examination of Degradation and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Some Mg-0.5Ca-xY Alloys in Sprague Dawley Rats

by Ștefan Lupescu, Corneliu Munteanu, Eusebiu Viorel Sindilar, Bogdan Istrate, Iuliana Mihai, Bogdan Oprisan and Aurelian-Sorin Pasca

Materials 2022, 15(17), 5958; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175958 - 29 Aug 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1503

Abstract

The medical field has undergone constant development in recent years, and a segment of this development is occupied by biodegradable alloys. The most common alloys in this field are those based on Mg, their main advantage being the ability to degrade gradually, without affecting the patient, and also their ability to be fully absorbed by the human body. One of their most important conditions is the regeneration and replacement of human tissue. Tissue can be engineered in different ways, one being tissue regeneration in vivo, which can serve as a template. In vivo remodeling aims to restore tissue or organs. The key processes of tissue formation and maturation are: proliferation (sorting and differentiation of cells), proliferation and organization of the extracellular matrix, biodegradation of the scaffold-remodeling, and potential tissue growth. In the present paper, the design of the alloys in the Mg-Ca-Y system is formed from the beginning using high-purity components, Mg-98.5%, master-alloys: Mg-Y (70 wt.%–30 wt.%) and Mg-Ca (85 wt.%–15 wt.%). After 8 weeks of implantation, the degradation of the implanted material is observed, and only small remaining fragments are found. At the site of implantation, no inflammatory reaction is observed, but it is observed that the process of integration and reabsorption, over time, accentuates the prosaic surface of the material. The aim of the work is to test the biocompatibility of magnesium-based alloys on laboratory rats in order to use these alloys in medical applications. The innovative parts of these analyses are the chemical composition of the alloys used and the tests performed on laboratory animals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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10 pages, 4608 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aluminum Perlite Syntactic Foams

by György Thalmaier, Niculina Argentina Sechel, Alexandra Csapai, Catalin Ovidiu Popa, Gabriel Batin, Andras Gábora, Tamas Mankovits and Ioan Vida-Simiti

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5446; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155446 - 8 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1765

Abstract

This paper presents the usage of spark plasma sintering (SPS) as a method to obtain aluminum-expanded perlite syntactic foams with high porosity. In the test samples, fine aluminum powder with flaky shape particles was used as matrix material and natural, inorganic, granular, expanded perlite was used as a space holder to ensure high porosity (35–57%) and uniform structure. SPS was used to consolidate the specimens. The structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and compression tests. Energy absorption (W~7.49 MJ/m³) and energy absorption efficiency (EW < 90%) were also determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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17 pages, 6630 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Heat and Thermochemical Treatment Parameters on C75 Steel Fatigue Resistance

by Tudorache (Nistor) Iuliana, Cornel Samoila and Doru Ursutiu

Materials 2022, 15(15), 5378; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155378 - 4 Aug 2022

Viewed by 1874

Abstract

The paper presents the results of the fatigue testing of heat-treated and thermochemically treated C75 steel with different process parameters in terms of working medium (gas, salt bath), temperature, and time. The experimental program aims to analyze the changes in microstructure under the influence of heat treatment and fatigue resistance. The relationships between the structural changes, the internal stress, and the heat-treated material’s mechanical and physical properties can determine the first nano cracks leading to rupture propagation. Based on the experimental values of this paper, we highlight the dependence between the nature of the cracks and the stress to which the specimen was subjected. The paper presents a brief introduction to the fatigue test and the experimental tests performed to determine the fatigue resistance characteristics, the macroscopic analysis of the material, and the crystallographic analysis. The results obtained allow a comparison between the fatigue limits of heat-treated and thermochemically treated C75 steel in gas and salt baths. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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19 pages, 5836 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Morphological Analysis of Laser Surface Texturing Effect on AISI 430 Stainless Steel

by Edit Roxana Moldovan, Carlos Concheso Doria, José Luis Ocaña, Bogdan Istrate, Nicanor Cimpoesu, Liana Sanda Baltes, Elena Manuela Stanciu, Catalin Croitoru, Alexandru Pascu, Corneliu Munteanu and Mircea Horia Tierean

Materials 2022, 15(13), 4580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15134580 - 29 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2016

Abstract

Laser surface texturing (LST) is a method to obtain micro-structures on the material’s surface for improving tribological performances, wetting tuning, surface treatment, and increasing adhesion. The material selected for LST is AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel, distinguished by the low cost in manufacturing, corrosion resistance, and high strength at elevated temperature. The present study addresses the morphology of new pattern designs (crater array, ellipse, and octagonal shapes). The patterns are applied on the stainless-steel surface by a non-contact method with high quality and precision nanosecond pulsed laser equipment. The investigation of laser parameter influence on thermal affected area and micro-structures is accomplished by morphological and elemental analysis (SEM + EDX). The parameters of the laser micro-patterning have a marked influence on the morphology, creating groove-type sections with different depths and recast material features. From the SEM characterization, the highest level of recast material is observed for concentric octagon LST design. Its application is more recommended for the preparation of the metal surface before hybrid welding. Additionally, the lack of the oxygen element in the case of this design suggests the possible use of the pattern in hybrid joining. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Materials Science and Engineering Scientific Research—Romanian Technical Science Academy)

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