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Medicina
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Recent Advancements in Total Knee Arthroplasty
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Recent Advancements in Total Knee Arthroplasty

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Orthopedics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 February 2025 | Viewed by 1871

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Stefano Marco Paolo Rossi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, Brescia, Italy
Interests: total knee arthroplasty; orthopedics; adult reconstructive surgery; robotic surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rudy Sangaletti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Sezione di Chirurgia Protesica ad Indirizzo Robotico, Unità di Traumatologia dello Sport, Brescia, Italy
Interests: total knee arthroplasty; orthopedics; adult reconstructive surgery; robotic surgery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Knee replacement surgery has become a cornerstone procedure in the treatment of knee arthritis and other debilitating knee conditions. Over the past few decades, partial or unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty (UKA and TKA) have transformed from complex and invasive surgeries to more refined and effective interventions, significantly improving the quality of life for millions of patients around the globe. This Special Issue is dedicated to exploring the recent advancements in TKA, highlighting the innovations and research that continue to enhance this critical surgical procedure.

The field of UKA and TKA has seen remarkable progress driven by technological advancements, improved surgical techniques, and better postoperative care. One of the most notable developments is the advent of minimally invasive surgical techniques, which aim to reduce tissue damage, minimize pain, and shorten recovery times. Alongside these techniques, computer-assisted and robotic-assisted surgeries have emerged, providing greater precision in implant placement and alignment, leading to better long-term outcomes for patients.

In addition to surgical techniques, there have been significant advancements in implant design and materials. Modern knee implants are now more durable and better suited to the individual needs of patients, thanks to innovations in biocompatible materials and the development of patient-specific implants. These improvements have not only extended the lifespan of knee replacements but also enhanced their functionality and patient satisfaction.

Postoperative care has also evolved with the introduction of multimodal pain management strategies and personalized rehabilitation programs. These advancements have made recovery faster and more comfortable for patients, allowing them to return to their daily activities more quickly and with less discomfort.

This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research, clinical studies, and expert opinions on the advancements in UKA and TKA. By examining these developments, we hope to provide a comprehensive overview of how the field is evolving and the impact these changes have on patient care and outcomes. Through this exploration, we seek to inspire continued innovation and improvement in total knee arthroplasty.

Dr. Stefano Marco Paolo Rossi
Dr. Rudy Sangaletti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
  • total knee arthroplasty
  • robotics
  • technology
  • personalized implants

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1397 KiB  
Article
The Distribution of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification in a Sample of Spanish Southeast Osteoarthritic Population: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study
by Vicente J. León-Muñoz, José Hurtado-Avilés, Mirian López-López, Fernando Santonja-Medina and Joaquín Moya-Angeler
Medicina 2024, 60(10), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60101612 - 2 Oct 2024
Viewed by 822
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification is a pragmatic distribution of nine phenotypes for coronal knee alignment that can be used on healthy and arthritic knees. Our study aimed to describe the CPAK distributions in a Spanish [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) classification is a pragmatic distribution of nine phenotypes for coronal knee alignment that can be used on healthy and arthritic knees. Our study aimed to describe the CPAK distributions in a Spanish southeast osteoarthritic population and compare them to other populations’ published alignment distributions. Method and Materials: Full-leg standing X-rays of the lower limb from 528 cases originating from the so-called Vega Alta del Segura (southeast of the Iberian Peninsula) were retrospectively analysed. We measured the mechanical hip–knee–ankle, lateral distal femoral, and medial proximal tibial angles. We calculated the arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle and the joint line obliquity to classify each case according to the criteria of the CPAK classification. Results: Based on the aHKA result, 59.1% of the cases were varus (less than −2°), 32.7% were neutral (0° ± 2°), and 8.2% were valgus (greater than +2°). Based on the JLO result, 56.7% of the cases had a distal apex (less than 177°), 39.9% had a neutral apex (180° ± 3°), and 3.4% had a proximal apex (greater than 183°). The most common CPAK distribution in our Spanish southeast osteoarthritic population was type I (30.7%), followed by type IV (25.9%), type II (21%), type V (11.2%), type III (5%), type VI (2.8%), type VII (2.4%), type VIII (0.6%), and type IX (0.4%). Conclusions: We described the distribution according to the CPAK classification in a sample of the osteoarthritic population from southeastern Spain. In our sample, more than 75% of the patients were classified as type I, II, and IV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Total Knee Arthroplasty)
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10 pages, 298 KiB  
Article
All-Polyethylene Tibial Component in Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Offers Excellent Survivorship and Clinical Outcomes at Short-Term Follow-Up: A Multicenter Retrospective Clinical Study
by Tommaso Bonanzinga, Federico Maria Adravanti, Umberto Vitale, Giuseppe Anzillotti, Francesco Iacono and Maurilio Marcacci
Medicina 2024, 60(9), 1451; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina60091451 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 721
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The ten-year survivorship of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is up to 96%, varying from implants and hospitals; however, most of registry studies do not distinguish between metal-back (MB) tibial implants and all-polyethylene (AP) tibial implants. The aim of the [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The ten-year survivorship of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is up to 96%, varying from implants and hospitals; however, most of registry studies do not distinguish between metal-back (MB) tibial implants and all-polyethylene (AP) tibial implants. The aim of the present retrospective clinical study was to analyze the clinical outcomes and survivorship of medial and lateral UKA with a newly designed all-polyethylene tibial plateau at short-term follow-up. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected consecutive patients who underwent medial or lateral UKA with AP tibial plateau was conducted, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Primary outcomes were clinical score (VAS, OKS, and KOOS) variations from baseline up to the latest follow-up. Secondary outcomes were Likert scale variations from baseline to the follow-up, evaluation of the influence of demographic factors (age and BMI) at the time of surgery on the clinical outcomes, and evaluation of revision rate up to the last follow-up. Results: The final study population included 99 knees. The mean VAS score for the medial group significantly decreased from 7.61 ± 1.65 (pre-intervention) to 2.74 ± 2.26 (post-intervention). Similar improvements were registered for the OKS as well, for both the medial group (from 22.5 ± 12.6 to 36.6 ± 10.6, with a delta of 14.11 (10.05 to 18.17)) and the lateral group (from 22.6 ± 12.6 to 36.9 ± 11.8, with a delta of 14.24 (8.65 to 19.83)). Moreover, all the KOOS subscales reported an amelioration, both in medial UKA and lateral UKA. Furthermore, a logistic regression of delta VAS was performed in relation to the other clinical questionnaires and the demographic factors. For both medial and lateral UKAs, no statistically significant correlation was found between the VAS scale regression and the demographic factors. The survival rate free from any revision of the cohort at the latest follow-up was 96.32%. Conclusions: All-polyethylene tibial component in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty demonstrates significant improvements in clinical scores and a low failure rate at short-term follow-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advancements in Total Knee Arthroplasty)
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