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Metabolites
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Metabolic Studies in Dairy Science
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Metabolic Studies in Dairy Science

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 9003

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Wei Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
Interests: metabolic diseases of dairy cows; lipid metabolism; biomarkers; signal pathway
Dr. Jian Gao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
Interests: udder health of dairy cows; health management of transition cows; inflammation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Health and efficient production is fundamental to dairy farms. Over the past decades, scientists have introduced many techniques, processes, and products to improve the efficiency of dairy cows. However, many mechanisms in these aspects of metabolites and metabolism remain unclear, such as the role of additives and the environment on metabolite levels and fluxes, mechanisms of disease-related metabolism, and more.

This Special Issue presents a collection of original research and review articles that highlight the latest discoveries and advances in the field of “Metabolics of Dairy Science”, focused on the metabolic fate of feed ingredients and additives; metabolic regulatory roles of feed, additives, environmental, genetic on microbes and health in dairy cows; mechanisms of disease-related metabolic; analysis or biological roles of metabolite biomarkers; and other metabolic aspects of dairy science. The selected articles will strengthen our understanding of metabolic processes related to improving the health and efficient production of dairy cows.

Dr. Wei Yang
Dr. Jian Gao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dairy cow
  • nutrient metabolism
  • feed ingredients
  • additives
  • disease
  • microbes
  • metabolite biomarkers

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 1335 KiB  
Article
Liver and Muscle Transcriptomes Differ in Mid-Lactation Cows Divergent in Feed Efficiency in the Presence or Absence of Supplemental Rumen-Protected Choline
by Malia J. Caputo, Wenli Li, Sophia J. Kendall, Anna Larsen, Kent A. Weigel and Heather M. White
Metabolites 2023, 13(9), 1023; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13091023 - 19 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1729
Abstract
Improving dairy cow feed efficiency is critical to the sustainability and profitability of dairy production, yet the underlying mechanisms that contribute to individual cow variation in feed efficiency are not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify genes and [...] Read more.
Improving dairy cow feed efficiency is critical to the sustainability and profitability of dairy production, yet the underlying mechanisms that contribute to individual cow variation in feed efficiency are not fully understood. The objectives of this study were to (1) identify genes and associated pathways that are altered in cows with high- or low-residual feed intake (RFI) using RNA sequencing, and (2) determine if rumen-protected choline supplementation during mid-lactation would influence performance or feed efficiency. Mid-lactation (134 ± 20 days in milk) multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to either supplementation of 0 g/d supplementation (CTL; n = 32) or 30 g/d of a rumen-protected choline product (RPC; 13.2 g choline ion; n = 32; Balchem Corp., New Hampton, NY, USA). Residual feed intake was determined as dry matter intake regressed on milk energy output, days in milk, body weight change, metabolic body weight, and dietary treatment. The 12 cows with the highest RFI (low feed efficient; LE) and 12 cows with the lowest RFI (high feed efficient; HE), balanced by dietary treatment, were selected for blood, liver, and muscle analysis. No differences in production or feed efficiency were detected with RPC supplementation, although albumin was greater and arachidonic acid tended to be greater in RPC cows. Concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate were greater in HE cows. Between HE and LE, 268 and 315 differentially expressed genes in liver and muscle tissue, respectively, were identified through RNA sequencing. Pathway analysis indicated differences in cell cycling, oxidative stress, and immunity in liver and differences in glucose and fatty acid pathways in muscle. The current work indicates that unique differences in liver and muscle post-absorptive nutrient metabolism contribute to sources of variation in feed efficiency and that differences in amino acid and fatty acid oxidation, cell cycling, and immune function should be further examined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Studies in Dairy Science)
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19 pages, 1761 KiB  
Article
Normal-Fat vs. High-Fat Diets and Olive Oil vs. CLA-Rich Dairy Fat: A Comparative Study of Their Effects on Atherosclerosis in Male Golden Syrian Hamsters
by Alaitz Berriozabalgoitia, Juan Carlos Ruiz de Gordoa, Gustavo Amores, Gorka Santamarina-Garcia, Igor Hernández and Mailo Virto
Metabolites 2023, 13(7), 827; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13070827 - 6 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1467
Abstract
The relationship between milk fat intake (because of its high saturated fatty acid content) and the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. Thus, Golden Syrian hamsters were fed two types of fat—sheep milk fat that was rich in rumenic (cis [...] Read more.
The relationship between milk fat intake (because of its high saturated fatty acid content) and the risk of suffering from cardiovascular diseases remains controversial. Thus, Golden Syrian hamsters were fed two types of fat—sheep milk fat that was rich in rumenic (cis9,trans11-18:2) and vaccenic (trans11-18:1) acids and olive oil—and two doses (a high- or normal-fat diet) for 14 weeks, and markers of lipid metabolism and atherosclerosis evolution were analyzed. The results revealed that the type and percentage of fat affected most plasma biochemical parameters related to lipid metabolism, while only the expression of five (CD36, SR-B1, ACAT, LDLR, and HMG-CoAR) of the studied lipid-metabolism-related genes was affected by these factors. According to aortic histology, when ingested in excess, both fats caused a similar increase in the thickness of fatty streaks, but the high-milk-fat-based diet caused a more atherogenic plasma profile. The compositions of the fats that were used, the results that were obtained, and the scientific literature indicated that the rumenic acid present in milk fat would regulate the expression of genes involved in ROS generation and, thus, protect against LDL oxidation, causing an effect similar to that of olive oil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Studies in Dairy Science)
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13 pages, 2434 KiB  
Article
Tea Polyphenols Protect the Mammary Gland of Dairy Cows by Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity and Regulating the TGF-β1/p38/JNK Pathway
by Ran Xu, Mengran Zhu, Jingwen Cao and Mengyao Guo
Metabolites 2022, 12(11), 1009; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12111009 - 22 Oct 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the main active substances in tea and they have many beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-cancer and metabolic regulation effects. The quality of milk is affected by mammary gland diseases and there are substantial economic losses resulting from [...] Read more.
Tea polyphenols (TPs) are the main active substances in tea and they have many beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, anti-cancer and metabolic regulation effects. The quality of milk is affected by mammary gland diseases and there are substantial economic losses resulting from reduced milk production as a consequence of inflammatory injury of the mammary gland. In this study, transcriptome analysis and molecular biology techniques were used to study the effects of TPs on inflammatory injury of the mammary gland. After intervention with TPs, a total of 2085 differentially expressed genes were identified, including 1189 up-regulated genes and 896 down-regulated genes. GO analysis showed that differentially expressed genes played an important role in proton transmembrane transport, oxidation–reduction reactions and inflammatory response. KEGG enrichment suggested that differential genes were concentrated in the TGF-β pathway and active oxygen metabolism process. Experiments were performed to confirm that TPs increased SOD, CAT, T-AOC and GSH-Px content along with a reduction in MDA. Meanwhile, TPs inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and reduced the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly decreased after intervention with TPs. In summary, all the data indicated that TPs protected the mammary gland by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and down-regulating the TGF-β1/p38/JNK pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Studies in Dairy Science)
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Review

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12 pages, 658 KiB  
Review
Biological Health Markers Associated with Oxidative Stress in Dairy Cows during Lactation Period
by Vincenzo Tufarelli, Maria Antonietta Colonna, Caterina Losacco and Nikola Puvača
Metabolites 2023, 13(3), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13030405 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2827
Abstract
This review aims to summarize and present different biological health markers in dairy cows during the lactation period. Biochemical health markers provide an indicator of how foreign chemical substances, whether external or internal, affect the animal’s health. To understand the relationship between dairy [...] Read more.
This review aims to summarize and present different biological health markers in dairy cows during the lactation period. Biochemical health markers provide an indicator of how foreign chemical substances, whether external or internal, affect the animal’s health. To understand the relationship between dairy cow health issues and oxidative stress, various biomarkers of oxidative stress must be investigated. Biochemical and hematological factors play a significant role in determining the biological health markers of animals. A variety of biochemical parameters are dependent on various factors, including the animal’s breed, its age, its development, its pregnancy status, and its production status. When assessing the health of cattle, a blood test is conducted to determine the blood chemistry. To diagnose diseases in dairy animals, the blood biochemistry is necessary to determine the cause of many physiological, metabolic, and pathological problems. Observing blood alterations during pregnancy and at peak lactation may determine what factors lift oxidative stress in cows due to disturbances in feed intake and metabolic processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Studies in Dairy Science)
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