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Metabolites
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Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases
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Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Lipid Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 10524

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Hyun Suk Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Interests: lipid biomarkers; HDL cholesterol; non-HDL cholesterol; remnant cholesterol; LDL cholesterol; triglyceride; cardiovascular diseases; metabolic diseases; disease models

Special Issue Information

 Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue, entitled "Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases", aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of lipid biomarkers in the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases. This summary guides potential authors, outlining the Special Issue's focus, scope, and purpose based on current research interests and trends.

The overall focus of this Special Issue is to investigate the relationship between lipid biomarkers and cardiometabolic diseases. Lipid biomarkers encompass various components, such as HDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, remnant cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. This Special Issue unravels their associations with cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and related conditions.

One significant aspect of the research interests lies in exploring the values of advanced or sex-specific lipid profiles or the impact of different dietary factors, including low-fat and full-fat dairy foods, dietary fat, or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, on cardiometabolic diseases. By analyzing specific lipid profiles and these dietary components, researchers can uncover their implications for lipid biomarkers and their influence in developing and managing cardiometabolic diseases. Researchers can enhance risk assessment and develop targeted interventions by examining the interplay between these factors and the occurrence of multiple cardiometabolic diseases, significantly noting whether these effects vary across different population groups, including in age- or sex-specific patterns.

In summary, this Special Issue aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of lipid biomarkers in cardiometabolic diseases. By investigating the lipid metabolism and impacts of dietary factors and analyzing advanced lipid profiles, this research will contribute valuable insights into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Authors are encouraged to contribute their research findings to further enrich the understanding of lipid biomarkers and their implications in cardiometabolic health.

Prof. Dr. Hyun Suk Yang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lipid profiles
  • lipid metabolism
  • cholesterol
  • dietary fat
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • metabolic diseases

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 905 KiB  
Article
Effect of Adding Apolipoprotein B Testing on the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Korean Adult Population
by Rihwa Choi, Sang Gon Lee and Eun Hee Lee
Metabolites 2024, 14(3), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14030169 - 18 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1660
Abstract
Traditional lipid parameters—including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C (calculated as TC minus HDL-C)—have long been used as indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The laboratory records of 9604 Korean adults who underwent traditional [...] Read more.
Traditional lipid parameters—including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C (calculated as TC minus HDL-C)—have long been used as indicators of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The laboratory records of 9604 Korean adults who underwent traditional lipid panel tests (TC, TG, and HDL), as well as ApoB testing, were analyzed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and high CVD risk (utilizing the NCEP ATP III criteria for traditional lipid panels and various ApoB test cutoffs recommended by international guidelines (145 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 100 mg/dL)). The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia, as determined by traditional lipid panel criteria, was 27.4%. Utilizing the ApoB cutoffs of 145 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 100 mg/dL resulted in prevalence figures of 5.3%, 11.0%, and 36.3%, respectively. The concordance in dyslipidemia classification between traditional lipid tests and ApoB at cutoffs of 145 mg/dL, 130 mg/dL, and 100 mg/dL was 78.4%, 81.3%, and 74.7%, respectively. Up to 17.5% of participants, based on an ApoB cutoff of ≥100 mg/dL, exhibited isolated high ApoB in the absence of traditional lipid test anomalies. Incorporating ApoB testing could enhance the identification of Koreans at high CVD risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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12 pages, 2256 KiB  
Article
Sex-Specific Relationships between HDL-Cholesterol Levels and 10-Year Mortality in Individuals with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Nationwide Cohort Study of South Koreans
by Hyun Suk Yang, Ho Jin Jeong, Hyeongsu Kim, Seungho Lee and Mina Hur
Metabolites 2023, 13(12), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13121175 - 26 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1977
Abstract
Large epidemiological studies show U-shaped relationships between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and all-cause mortality in individuals without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Association in those with ASCVD by sex is unclear. We examined the association between HDL-C levels and 10-year all-cause mortality in [...] Read more.
Large epidemiological studies show U-shaped relationships between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and all-cause mortality in individuals without atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD). Association in those with ASCVD by sex is unclear. We examined the association between HDL-C levels and 10-year all-cause mortality in subjects (≥40 years of age) with ASCVD using the 2010 National Health Insurance Service and the National Death Registry of Korea. We categorized HDL-C levels into three groups (low: <40 mg/dL for males, <50 mg/dL for females; high: 40–90 mg/dL for males, 50–90 mg/dL for females; extremely high: >90 mg/dL) and 10 mg/dL intervals. We conducted a sex-stratified and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis. Out of 1,711,548 individuals (54% female, mean age 61.4 years), 10-year mortality was observed in 218,252 (12.8%). Males had a higher mortality rate than females (16.2% vs. 9.8%; p < 0.001). When adjusting for age, body mass index, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the low and extremely high HDL-C groups had significantly higher hazard ratios for 10-year mortality compared to the high HDL-C group in males [1.183 (1.166–1.199), 1.359 (1.288–1.434)] and in females [1.153 (1.138–1.169), 1.095 (1.029–1.167)]. The frequency distribution bars for the 10-year mortality rate showed sex-specific nadirs of 50–59 mg/dL in males and 70–79 mg/dL in females. In this ASCVD cohort, the extremely high HDL-C (>90 mg/dL) group had 35.9% and 9.5% higher 10-year mortality risks than the high HDL-C group for males and females, respectively. There was a slightly U-shaped relationship between baseline HDL-C levels and a 10-year mortality rate, with earlier inflection in males than in females. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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14 pages, 1438 KiB  
Article
Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Individuals Carrying the ANGPTL8 R59W Variant
by Mohamed Abu-Farha, Shibu Joseph, Anwar Mohammad, Arshad Channanath, Ibrahim Taher, Fahd Al-Mulla, Muhammad Mujammami, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Jehad Abubaker and Anas M. Abdel Rahman
Metabolites 2023, 13(9), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13090972 - 24 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1266
Abstract
ANGPTL8 is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism through its role in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase activity. ANGPTL8 gene variants, particularly rs2278426 leading to the R59W variant in the protein, have been associated with lipid traits in various ethnicities. We aimed to use [...] Read more.
ANGPTL8 is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism through its role in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase activity. ANGPTL8 gene variants, particularly rs2278426 leading to the R59W variant in the protein, have been associated with lipid traits in various ethnicities. We aimed to use metabolomics to understand the impact of the ANGPTL8 R59W variant on metabolites in humans. We used the Biocrates-p400 kit to quantify 408 plasma metabolites in 60 adult male Arab individuals from Kuwait and identify differences in metabolite levels between individuals carrying reference genotypes and those with carrier genotypes at ANGPTL8 rs2278426. Individuals with carrier genotypes (CT+TT) compared to those carrying the reference genotype (CC) showed statistically significant differences in the following metabolites: acylcarnitine (perturbs metabolic pathways), phosphatidylcholine (supports liver function and cholesterol levels), cholesteryl ester (brings chronic inflammatory response to lipoprotein depositions in arteries), α-aminoadipic acid (modulates glucose homeostasis), histamine (regulates glucose/lipid metabolism), sarcosine (links amino acid and lipid metabolism), diacylglycerol 42:1 (regulates homeostasis of cellular lipid stores), and lysophosphatidylcholine (regulates oxidative stress and inflammatory response). Functional aspects attributed to these metabolites indicate that the ANGPTL8 R59W variant influences the concentrations of lipid- and inflammation-related metabolites. This observation further highlights the role of ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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Review

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49 pages, 2291 KiB  
Review
The Pleiotropic Effects of Lipid-Modifying Interventions: Exploring Traditional and Emerging Hypolipidemic Therapies
by Dimitris Kounatidis, Nikolaos Tentolouris, Natalia G. Vallianou, Iordanis Mourouzis, Irene Karampela, Theodora Stratigou, Eleni Rebelos, Marina Kouveletsou, Vasileios Stamatopoulos, Eleni Tsaroucha and Maria Dalamaga
Metabolites 2024, 14(7), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070388 - 17 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1602
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global health issue, with dyslipidemia standing out as a major risk factor. In recent decades, lipid-lowering therapies have evolved significantly, with statins emerging as the cornerstone treatment. These interventions play a crucial role in both primary and [...] Read more.
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease poses a significant global health issue, with dyslipidemia standing out as a major risk factor. In recent decades, lipid-lowering therapies have evolved significantly, with statins emerging as the cornerstone treatment. These interventions play a crucial role in both primary and secondary prevention by effectively reducing cardiovascular risk through lipid profile enhancements. Beyond their primary lipid-lowering effects, extensive research indicates that these therapies exhibit pleiotropic actions, offering additional health benefits. These include anti-inflammatory properties, improvements in vascular health and glucose metabolism, and potential implications in cancer management. While statins and ezetimibe have been extensively studied, newer lipid-lowering agents also demonstrate similar pleiotropic effects, even in the absence of direct cardiovascular benefits. This narrative review explores the diverse pleiotropic properties of lipid-modifying therapies, emphasizing their non-lipid effects that contribute to reducing cardiovascular burden and exploring emerging benefits for non-cardiovascular conditions. Mechanistic insights into these actions are discussed alongside their potential therapeutic implications Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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31 pages, 1497 KiB  
Review
ApoB100 and Atherosclerosis: What’s New in the 21st Century?
by Dimitris Kounatidis, Natalia G. Vallianou, Aikaterini Poulaki, Angelos Evangelopoulos, Fotis Panagopoulos, Theodora Stratigou, Eleni Geladari, Irene Karampela and Maria Dalamaga
Metabolites 2024, 14(2), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14020123 - 12 Feb 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3496
Abstract
ApoB is the main protein of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is further divided into ApoB48 in the intestine and ApoB100 in the liver. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is produced by the liver, contains ApoB100, and is metabolized into its remnants, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and [...] Read more.
ApoB is the main protein of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is further divided into ApoB48 in the intestine and ApoB100 in the liver. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is produced by the liver, contains ApoB100, and is metabolized into its remnants, intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). ApoB100 has been suggested to play a crucial role in the formation of the atherogenic plaque. Apart from being a biomarker of atherosclerosis, ApoB100 seems to be implicated in the inflammatory process of atherosclerosis per se. In this review, we will focus on the structure, the metabolism, and the function of ApoB100, as well as its role as a predictor biomarker of cardiovascular risk. Moreover, we will elaborate upon the molecular mechanisms regarding the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, and we will discuss the disorders associated with the APOB gene mutations, and the potential role of various drugs as therapeutic targets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lipid Biomarkers and Cardiometabolic Diseases)
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