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Metabolites
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Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes
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Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2024) | Viewed by 4184

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ivan Tkáč

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
4th Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia
Interests: diabetes and atherosclerosis; genetics and pharmacogenetics of diabetes; dyslipidemias

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. The most frequent cause of mortality in patients with diabetes is cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis. Several risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes are identical (although more frequent) to those in patients without diabetes. These factors include hypertension, high LDL cholesterol level, high Lp(a) level, atherogenic dyslipidemia, smoking, chronic kidney disease, and higher age. There are also several recognized risk factors that are specific for patients with diabetes, such as HbA1c, as a reflection of long-term hyperglycemia, and diabetes duration. Several factors have also been identified which might be causal risk factors but are considered markers of atherosclerotic disease, such as albuminuria as a marker of endothelial dysfunction and hsCRP as a marker of subclinical inflammation. In the last several decades, research has been focused on the identification of new markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. If these markers can be confirmed as true atherosclerosis risk factors (e.g., by Mendelian randomization), they might become new therapeutic targets in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide novel research related to biomarkers of atherosclerosis in patients with both type 2 and type 1 diabetes.

Prof. Dr. Ivan Tkáč
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • type 2 diabetes
  • type 1 diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • biomarkers
  • genetics
  • proteomics
  • metabolomics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 469 KiB  
Article
Risk Factors for Ankle Brachial Index and Carotid Artery Stenosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
by Vesna Đermanović Dobrota, Neva Brkljačić, Angelika Tičinović Ivančić, Maja Čavlović, Tomislav Bulum and Martina Tomić
Metabolites 2024, 14(1), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14010059 - 17 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1549
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Ankle brachial index (ABI) and carotid artery stenosis are non-invasive indicators of generalized atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for ABI and carotid artery stenosis and discover [...] Read more.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Ankle brachial index (ABI) and carotid artery stenosis are non-invasive indicators of generalized atherosclerosis. This study aimed to explore the risk factors for ABI and carotid artery stenosis and discover which factors simultaneously influence both conditions in T2DM. The study included a total of 101 patients with T2DM. ABI was performed via Doppler ultrasound, and both common carotid arteries were examined via ultrasound to obtain the percentage of carotid artery stenosis. A negative correlation was noted between the ABI and the percentage of carotid artery stenosis (p = 0.043). ABI correlated significantly negatively with waist circumference (p = 0.031), total cholesterol (p = 0.003), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (p = 0.003), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.017), whereas the percentage of carotid artery stenosis correlated with the smoking habit (p = 0.017) and CRP (p = 0.042). The best model for predicting the ABI value (R2 = 0.195) obtained from stepwise regression analysis included waist circumference, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and CRP, while the best model for the percentage of the carotid artery stenosis (R2 = 0.112) included smoking and CRP. CRP influenced the ABI value with a negative parameter estimate of −0.008962 (p = 0.053) and the percentage of the carotid artery stenosis with a positive parameter estimate of 0.443655 (p = 0.006) relative to a one-unit change of it, presenting the negatively significant impact of CRP on the association between carotid artery stenosis and low ABI. Our results suggest that CRP is the most important risk factor that connects ABI and carotid artery stenosis, which are important non-invasive indicators of generalized atherosclerosis in T2DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes)
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Review

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26 pages, 890 KiB  
Review
Modulation of MicroRNAs and Exosomal MicroRNAs after Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review
by Karla G. Hernández-Gómez, Azalia Avila-Nava, Luis E. González-Salazar, Lilia G. Noriega, Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga, Rocio Guizar-Heredia, Isabel Medina-Vera, Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis, Nimbe Torres, Armando R. Tovar and Martha Guevara-Cruz
Metabolites 2023, 13(12), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13121190 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2115
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Their main function is to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs originate in the cell nucleus from specific genes, where they can [...] Read more.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Their main function is to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs originate in the cell nucleus from specific genes, where they can perform their function. However, they can also be found in serum, plasma, or other body fluids travelling within vesicles called exosomes and/or bound to proteins or other particles such as lipoproteins. miRNAs can form complexes outside the cell where they are synthesized, mediating paracrine and endocrine communication between different tissues. In this way, they can modulate the gene expression and function of distal cells. It is known that the expression of miRNAs can be affected by multiple factors, such as the nutritional or pathological state of the individual, or even in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, or after any dietary intervention. In this review, we will analyse miRNAs whose expression and circulation are affected in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, as well as the changes generated after a dietary intervention, with the purpose of identifying new possible biomarkers of early response to nutritional treatment in these conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Diabetes)
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