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Metabolites
Special Issues
Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Metabolic Health
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Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Metabolic Health

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Metabolism".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2023) | Viewed by 10256

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sibylle Kranz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Kinesiology, School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
Interests: childhood and adult nutrition; diet-disease relationships, hunger and satiety; nutrition epidemiology, dietary guidance, clinical feeding trials, diet quality
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Nicole Gilbertson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Kinesiology, Division of Education, Human Development, and Social Sciences, Penn State Altoona, Altoona, PA, USA
Interests: exercise; nutrition; metabolic health; obesity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Diet and physical activity/exercise affect human metabolism in many ways. Although some of these functions have been reported in select populations, much is still unknown, especially in women, children, non-athletes, and select clinical populations.

This Special Issue titled "Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Metabolic Health" is inviting recent study reports from innovative intervention trials or meta-analyses which evaluate the role of diet and/or activity changes in metabolic health, especially in the above-mentioned underrepresented populations.

We invite authors to contribute original research articles in which dietary interventions may include the effect of diet patterning, dietary timing, diet quality, and other diet modifications on hunger, satiety, satiation, appetite, and metabolic health outcomes in non-athletes, children, women, and other clinical adult populations. Physical activity/exercise interventions may include those that evaluate the role of exercise timing, exercise intensity, and exercise dose alone or in combination with dietary interventions in metabolic health outcomes, such as resting metabolism, substrate utilization, glucose control, inflammation, insulin resistance, and body composition.

Dr. Sibylle Kranz
Dr. Nicole Gilbertson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metabolites is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • diet
  • diet quality
  • diet interventions
  • exercise
  • exercise interventions
  • physical activity
  • hunger
  • satiety
  • satiation
  • appetite
  • substrate utilization
  • glucose control
  • insulin resistance
  • body composition
  • inflammation
  • health

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1746 KiB  
Article
Substantial Fat Loss in Physique Competitors Is Characterized by Increased Levels of Bile Acids, Very-Long Chain Fatty Acids, and Oxylipins
by Heikki V. Sarin, Juha J. Hulmi, Youwen Qin, Michael Inouye, Scott C. Ritchie, Susan Cheng, Jeramie D. Watrous, Thien-Tu C. Nguyen, Joseph H. Lee, Zhezhen Jin, Joseph D. Terwilliger, Teemu Niiranen, Aki Havulinna, Veikko Salomaa, Kirsi H. Pietiläinen, Ville Isola, Juha P. Ahtiainen, Keijo Häkkinen, Mohit Jain and Markus Perola
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 928; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100928 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3753
Abstract
Weight loss and increased physical activity may promote beneficial modulation of the metabolome, but limited evidence exists about how very low-level weight loss affects the metabolome in previously non-obese active individuals. Following a weight loss period (21.1 ± 3.1 weeks) leading to substantial [...] Read more.
Weight loss and increased physical activity may promote beneficial modulation of the metabolome, but limited evidence exists about how very low-level weight loss affects the metabolome in previously non-obese active individuals. Following a weight loss period (21.1 ± 3.1 weeks) leading to substantial fat mass loss of 52% (−7.9 ± 1.5 kg) and low body fat (12.7 ± 4.1%), the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolic signature of 24 previously young, healthy, and normal weight female physique athletes was investigated. We observed uniform increases (FDR < 0.05) in bile acids, very-long-chain free fatty acids (FFA), and oxylipins, together with reductions in unsaturated FFAs after weight loss. These widespread changes, especially in the bile acid profile, were most strongly explained (FDR < 0.05) by changes in android (visceral) fat mass. The reported changes did not persist, as all of them were reversed after the subsequent voluntary weight regain period (18.4 ± 2.9 weeks) and were unchanged in non-dieting controls (n = 16). Overall, we suggest that the reported changes in FFA, bile acid, and oxylipin profiles reflect metabolic adaptation to very low levels of fat mass after prolonged periods of intense exercise and low-energy availability. However, the effects of the aforementioned metabolome subclass alteration on metabolic homeostasis remain controversial, and more studies are warranted to unravel the complex physiology and potentially associated health implications. In the end, our study reinforced the view that transient weight loss seems to have little to no long-lasting molecular and physiological effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Metabolic Health)
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22 pages, 2838 KiB  
Article
Urine and Fecal 1H-NMR Metabolomes Differ Significantly between Pre-Term and Full-Term Born Physically Fit Healthy Adult Males
by Leon Deutsch, Tadej Debevec, Gregoire P. Millet, Damjan Osredkar, Simona Opara, Robert Šket, Boštjan Murovec, Minca Mramor, Janez Plavec and Blaz Stres
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 536; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060536 - 10 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 5251
Abstract
Preterm birth (before 37 weeks gestation) accounts for ~10% of births worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. Preterm born adults have been consistently shown to be at an increased risk for chronic [...] Read more.
Preterm birth (before 37 weeks gestation) accounts for ~10% of births worldwide and remains one of the leading causes of death in children under 5 years of age. Preterm born adults have been consistently shown to be at an increased risk for chronic disorders including cardiovascular, endocrine/metabolic, respiratory, renal, neurologic, and psychiatric disorders that result in increased death risk. Oxidative stress was shown to be an important risk factor for hypertension, metabolic syndrome and lung disease (reduced pulmonary function, long-term obstructive pulmonary disease, respiratory infections, and sleep disturbances). The aim of this study was to explore the differences between preterm and full-term male participants’ levels of urine and fecal proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) metabolomes, during rest and exercise in normoxia and hypoxia and to assess general differences in human gut-microbiomes through metagenomics at the level of taxonomy, diversity, functional genes, enzymatic reactions, metabolic pathways and predicted gut metabolites. Significant differences existed between the two groups based on the analysis of 1H-NMR urine and fecal metabolomes and their respective metabolic pathways, enabling the elucidation of a complex set of microbiome related metabolic biomarkers, supporting the idea of distinct host-microbiome interactions between the two groups and enabling the efficient classification of samples; however, this could not be directed to specific taxonomic characteristics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Exercise and Nutritional Interventions on Metabolic Health)
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