Mechanical Alloying 2022

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Powder Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 4376

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Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes No. 120, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
Interests: mechanical alloying; materials characterization; composites; material reinforcement; sintering
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Material milling has been a fundamental interest in the mining industry, ceramics processing and, recently, in powder metallurgy. Typical objectives include mixing, grinding, comminuting, and particle morphology modification to increase the intimate interaction between components or facilitate synthesis steps. Although mechanical milling has been used globally at the laboratory level, there is now a considerable scale-up at the industrial level for the mass processing of materials.

Mechanical alloying (MA), a technique based on the grinding of materials, involves frequent and repetitive impacts which cause the plastic deformation, fracture and cold welding of the particles trapped between the collision points. In this way, the formation of micrometric, submicrometric, nanometric materials, composites and, finally, the transition from crystalline to amorphous structures occurs. Potential applications of mechanical milling are the possibility of alloying two or more metals in the solid-state or inducing chemical reactions at room temperature, generating highly refined final structures. An interesting aspect is the conversion of low free energy crystalline alloys to a high-energy metastable state. Although the fundamentals and mechanisms occurring during AM are not fully understood, there is great interest in the study of phases produced by this route trying to explain aspects associated with this type of induced solid-state reaction.

This Special Issue focuses on the synthesis, processing and study of the relationship between the physical property of mechanically processed materials as a direct consequence of their microstructural array. Submitted works should be related to state-of-the-art and technological challenges linked to MA. We hope you can contribute your research work and studies associated with the effect of MA over the structure and microstructure of alloys systems and their mechanical properties.

Dr. Ivanovich Estrada-Guel
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mechanical alloying
  • mechanical milling
  • microstructure properties
  • mechanical properties
  • metals and alloys
  • powder metallurgy
  • sintering, characterization

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 8148 KiB  
Article
Mechanical Surface Treatment of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering Using Laser Cavitation
by Chieko Kuji and Hitoshi Soyama
Metals 2023, 13(1), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010181 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2438
Abstract
Additive manufactured (AM) metals are attractive materials for medical implants, as their geometries are directly produced from computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) data. However, the fatigue properties of AM metals are weak compared with bulk metals, which is an obstacle to the practical [...] Read more.
Additive manufactured (AM) metals are attractive materials for medical implants, as their geometries are directly produced from computer-aided design (CAD)/computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) data. However, the fatigue properties of AM metals are weak compared with bulk metals, which is an obstacle to the practical applications of AM metals. To improve the fatigue properties of AM metals, we developed a mechanical surface treatment using laser cavitation. When we irradiate a pulsed laser to a metallic surface in water, laser ablation is generated, and a bubble that behaves like a cavitation is produced. The bubble is referred to as a “laser cavitation”. In the surface treatment using laser cavitation, we use the plastic deformation caused by the impact force at the bubble collapse and pulsed laser energy that produces local melting at the same time. Thus, the mechanical surface treatment using laser cavitation is a type of surface mechanical alloying. In this study, to demonstrate the improvement in the fatigue properties of AM metals, we treated titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, which was manufactured by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), with laser cavitation, and we evaluated the surface morphology, roughness, residual stress, hardness, and finally tested it using a torsion fatigue test. Unmelted particles on the DMLS surface, which cause fatigue cracks, were melted and resolidified using laser cavitation, resulting in a reduction of the maximum heights of roughness (Rz) of about 75% and the arithmetical mean roughness (Ra) of about 84% of the non-peened one. Although tensile residual stresses of about 80–180 MPa were generated on the as-built surface, compressive residual stresses of about −80 MPa were introduced by laser cavitation. Furthermore, laser cavitation formed Ti4O5 oxide film, which increased the surface hardness by about 106%. Finally, we performed torsional fatigue tests and revealed that laser cavitation extended the fatigue life from 19,791 cycles to 36,288 cycles at an applied shear stress (τa) at 460 MPa, which is effective in suppressing crack initiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Alloying 2022)
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9 pages, 3655 KiB  
Article
Study of Al Addition on Sintered CuCrFeNiTi as a Potential Alloy for Automotive Components
by Enrique Rocha-Rangel, Ivanovich Estrada-Guel, José A. Castillo-Robles, José A. Rodríguez-García, Carlos G. Garay-Reyes, Alejandro Villalobos-Aragón, Cynthia D. Gómez-Esparza, Carlos Adrián Calles-Arriaga and Roberto Martínez-Sánchez
Metals 2023, 13(1), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13010077 - 28 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1445
Abstract
CrCuFeNiTiAlx high-entropy alloys (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mol percent or mol %) were processed through powder metallurgy. Aluminum concentration was varied in the alloy to determine its effect on the microstructure and phase formation within the CrCuFeNiTiAl [...] Read more.
CrCuFeNiTiAlx high-entropy alloys (where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mol percent or mol %) were processed through powder metallurgy. Aluminum concentration was varied in the alloy to determine its effect on the microstructure and phase formation within the CrCuFeNiTiAlx system. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies revealed the presence of structures mainly composed of FCC and BCC solid-solution (SS) phases in the CrCuFeNiTi alloy. The addition of aluminum content is responsible for an increased volume fraction of the BCC phase on the sintered alloys. XRD results also indicate the formation of compounds of a chemical composition and crystalline structure different from those of FCC and BCC SS phases. The presence of these compounds was also confirmed through mapping of elements and punctual chemical analysis through energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Bulk samples exhibited microstructures with multimodal grain size. From the microhardness test results, it was determined that addition of Al is proportional to an increase in hardness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Alloying 2022)
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