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Metals
Special Issues
Secondary Refining
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Secondary Refining

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Extractive Metallurgy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 2953

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jianhua Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: inclusion; bubble; solidification; hydrogen metallurgy; continuous casting; mathematic model; segregation; smart manufacture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Olena Volkova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Iron and Steel Technology, Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
Interests: thermophysical properties; molten slags; additive manufacturing; hydrogen metallurgy
Dr. Yang He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
Interests: inclusion; bubble; solidification; hydrogen metallurgy; continuous casting; mathematic model; segregation; smart manufacture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Secondary refining is a key process for the preparation of high-quality steels and alloys. The relevant technologies and processes extenvisely impact the properties and quality of steels and alloys. The development of new technologies, methods of process optimization, and alternative mechanisms in the field has been attracting the attentions of researchers, and there has been a proliferation of new achievements as a consequence.

This Special Issue aims to promote the fast publication and communication of research achivements in secondary refining. We encourage researchers in relevant areas to submit both research papers and review articles for publication in the areas of process technology, mechanisms, and modeling; artificial intelligence applications, energy saving and emission reduction; the comprehensive utilization of resources; equipment upgrading, basic research and optimization of refining slag; research and application of pure alloy and high-quality refractory applications, testing and characterization technology; new refining technologies such as electromagnetic, electrochemical and bubble flotation; simulation; etc.

Prof. Dr. Jianhua Liu
Prof. Dr. Olena Volkova
Dr. Yang He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • secondary refining
  • LF, RH, VD, AOD
  • inclusion
  • model
  • slag
  • intelligent control
  • electromagnetic
  • refractory
  • clean steel
  • low carbon
  • desulfurization
  • decarburization and dephosphorization

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 10336 KiB  
Article
Fluid Flow, Solidification and Solute Transport in Slab Continuous Casting with Different S-EMS Installation Positions
by Daiwei Liu, Guifang Zhang, Jianhua Zeng and Yang Li
Metals 2024, 14(6), 686; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060686 - 10 Jun 2024
Viewed by 991
Abstract
During continuous slab casting, strand electromagnetic stirring (S-EMS) has a significant effect on improving the slab quality. In the current work, a numerical model based on the practical slab continuous casting machine and coupled electromagnetic field, flow field, solidification, and solute transport was [...] Read more.
During continuous slab casting, strand electromagnetic stirring (S-EMS) has a significant effect on improving the slab quality. In the current work, a numerical model based on the practical slab continuous casting machine and coupled electromagnetic field, flow field, solidification, and solute transport was established to investigate and evaluate the effect of the S-EMS installation position with various current intensities on metallurgical behavior. The model was verified by magnetic field measurement, infrared camera, and nail shooting experiments. The results show that moving the S-EMS installation position to the solidification end reduces the stirring effect due to the skin effect and the increasing thickness of the slab shell. A higher installation position is beneficial for improving the equiaxed grain rate, while a lower one is beneficial for reducing carbon segregation. The maximum segregation index and range decrease from 1.26 to 1.2 and from 0.42 to 0.36 with the installation position being decreased from −3 m to −12.8 m, respectively. The industrial trials show that S-EMS installed at 3 m has a significant effect on expanding the equiaxed grain zone and a deteriorating effect on reducing carbon segregation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Secondary Refining)
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16 pages, 13623 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Origin of Non-Metallic Inclusions in Ti-Stabilized ULC Steels Using Different Tracing Techniques
by Kathrin Thiele, Christoph Truschner, Christoph Walkner, Thomas C. Meisel, Sergiu Ilie, Roman Rössler and Susanne K. Michelic
Metals 2024, 14(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010103 - 15 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Since steel cleanness comes to the fore of steel producers worldwide, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism and modification of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) in more detail. One central point is the identification of the source of especially interfering NMIs to prevent [...] Read more.
Since steel cleanness comes to the fore of steel producers worldwide, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism and modification of non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) in more detail. One central point is the identification of the source of especially interfering NMIs to prevent their evolution in the future. The present study applies two approaches to determine the source of NMIs in Ti-stabilized ultra-low carbon (ULC) steels—the active and the passive tracing. Both approaches are applied to an industrial experiment. The active tracing technique is focused on investigating the clogging layer formation in submerged entry nozzles and, hence, the origin of alumina particles. This method adds rare earth elements (REEs) directly to the melt to mark pre-existing deoxidation products at a certain point of the steelmaking process. The main concern of the passive method, the so-called REE fingerprint, is the determination of the source of mesoscopic NMIs. For the REE fingerprint, the pre-existing concentration of REEs in different potential sources and the investigated NMIs are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The resulting patterns are compared after normalizing the contents to chondrites, and the NMIs’ origins are identified. Concerning the EDS analysis and the resulting patterns from the REE fingerprint, the mold slag and, respectively, the casting powder were the sources of the investigated NMIs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Secondary Refining)
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