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Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour

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A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Corrosion and Protection".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 8394

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Célia de Fraga Malfatti

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Guest Editor

Department of Metallurgy, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Corrosão (LAPEC), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Interests: corrosion protection; corrosion; tribocorrosion

Dr. Claudia Beatriz Dos Santos

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Assistant Guest Editor

Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation IPA, Stuttgart, Germany
Interests: corrosion; tribocorrosion; electroplating

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metal materials are extremely versatile in terms of application, allowing combination of bulk properties with different surface properties through functionalization and surface treatment. The development of new processes of functionalization and treatment of metallic surfaces seeks to meet demands for improvement and optimization of properties such as wear and corrosion resistance for increasingly challenging applications in various areas that employ metallic material. Furthermore, when properties such as improved biocompatibility are required for biomedical applications, surface treatment allows the modification of the alloy surface to optimise the performance of the material according to the required characteristics (this is dependent on the application). Surfaces with photocatalytic properties supported on metallic materials have also been developed, and environmentally friendly processes are being proposed, observing issues related to sustainability and cost of the raw materials.

The use of surface treatment processes to obtain materials for alternative energy production, for example, provides a very important technological perspective in this area. In this sense, advanced functionalization processes such as plasma electrolytic oxidation and low-pressure cold plasma (plasma polymerization) have been studied, as well as processes such as nitriding, sputtering and ion implantation, in addition to conventional processes of electrodeposition and anodization.

This Special Issue of Metals focuses on surface treatment and functionalization of metal materials and intends to collect the latest developments in electrochemical, catalytic, bioactivity, corrosion, tribocorrosion and wear behaviour of metal materials, as well as environmentally friendly processes to treat or recover metal materials. Original research articles and reviews are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Célia de Fraga Malfatti
Guest Editor

Dr. Claudia Beatriz Dos Santos
Assistant Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

surface modification
environmentally friendly process
biomaterials
metal catalyst
corrosion
wear behaviour
tribocorrosion
sustainability

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 3890 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Next-Generation Lubricity in Deep Drawing: The Synergistic Benefits of PIL and Talc on Water-Based Lubricants

by Victor Velho de Castro, Cristiano Ev, Leandro Câmara Noronha, Matheus Bullmann, Louise Etcheverry, Leonardo Moreira dos Santos, Rafael Marquetto Vargas, Silvana Mattedi, Roberto Moreira Schroeder and Célia de Fraga Malfatti

Metals 2024, 14(6), 705; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060705 - 14 Jun 2024

Viewed by 900

Abstract

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of water-based formulations featuring m-2HEAOL and talc particles in deep drawing applications. The coefficient of friction (COF) was measured through bending under tension (BUT) tests, while the interaction mechanism between protic ionic liquid (PIL) and talc particles was analysed using FTIR, XPS, and TGA analyses. The results indicate that the formulation containing 8 wt% PIL and 0.5 wt% talc exhibited the best lubricating performance. This was due to the interaction of the PIL oleate molecules with the Mg found in the talc basal layer, which enhanced the cleavage capacity of this mineral, ultimately improving the lubricity of the formulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour)

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14 pages, 7544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insight into the Hot Corrosion Behavior of FeMnCrSi/TiC Coatings at 900 °C

by Xu Tang, Lei Li, Ze Huang, Jieji Zhou, Yonghuang Qin, Shiyang Zhao, Da Liu, Zhengbing Xu, Jianmin Zeng, Hongqun Tang and Youbin Wang

Metals 2024, 14(5), 504; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14050504 - 26 Apr 2024

Viewed by 1019

Abstract

This study explores the deposition of an Fe-MnCrSi/TiC coating on 45 steel surfaces using high-velocity arc spraying technology, examining the microstructure and hot corrosion behavior of the resultant layer. The microstructure of the FeMnCrSi/TiC coating primarily consists of an α-Fe (BCC) solid solution, composed of Fe, Mn, Cr, Si, C, and other elements, with a minor presence of β-Fe (FCC) solid-solution phase and unmelted TiC particles. Following 100 h of cyclic 900 °C hot corrosion, Mn on the coating surface preferentially oxidizes, forming a manganese-rich oxide layer. This process reduces the oxygen partial pressure (O₂) within the coating, prompting the formation of a dense Cr₂O₃ layer on the inner side of the oxide layer. Concurrently, the rapid diffusion of Mn and Cr elements triggers the generation of Mn- and Cr-deficient regions at the metal/oxide layer interface, inducing the transformation of the coated metal primary matrix from an FCC + BCC dual phase to an α-Fe (BCC) single phase. After the reaction, the hot corrosion weight gain of the coating reached 12.43 mg/cm², approximately one-fourteenth of the weight gain of the 45 steel substrates. This weight gain adheres to the parabolic law, suggesting that the FeMnCrSi/TiC coating exhibits excellent corrosion resistance under the given conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour)

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13 pages, 2540 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis ZrON Films with Raman-Enhancement Properties Using Microwave Plasma

by Arsen Muslimov, Sergey Antipov, Makhach Gadzhiev and Vladimir Kanevsky

Metals 2023, 13(12), 1927; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13121927 - 23 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1134

Abstract

The paper investigates the characteristics of the formation and morphology of microstructured zirconium oxynitride (ZrON) films, taking into account structural polymorphism during the impact of atmospheric-pressure microwave nitrogen plasma with the influx of active oxygen from the surrounding atmosphere. Optical, hydrophobic, Raman-active properties of ZrON films have been studied. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ellipsometry method, and Raman spectroscopy, and moisture-resistance properties are used as analytical research methods. It is shown that during the short-term impact of microwave plasma, a morphologically heterogeneous ZrON film can be formed with a set of microhills with a uniform phase composition along the surface. The phase composition of the ZrON surface corresponds to the monoclinic structure of ZrO₂. In the volume of the film, a predominantly tetragonal structure of ZrO₂ is observed, as well as inclusions of the monoclinic structure of ZrO₂. A mechanism for the formation of a ZrON film, taking into account polymorphism and phase transitions, is proposed. The optical properties of ZrON films are determined by both the dielectric phase of ZrO₂ and the inclusions of the high-conductivity phase of ZrN. A combination of such factors as the developed microrelief and monoclinic surface structure, as well as nitride phase inclusions, enhance the hydrophobic properties of the ZrON film surface. It is shown that the surface hydrophobicity and resonant effects on ZrN inclusions allow for the enhancement of the Raman spectrum intensity due to the high concentration of analyte molecules in the scanning area. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour)

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13 pages, 8445 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effect of Laser Surface Texturing on Schmid Factor and Plastic Deformation Mechanisms on AISI 301LN Steel

by Mohammad Rezayat, Joan Josep Roa and Antonio Mateo

Metals 2023, 13(10), 1789; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101789 - 23 Oct 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1638

Abstract

In this comprehensive study, the multifaceted impact of laser surface texturing (LST) on AISI 301LN stainless steel is explored. Changes in the microstructure, mechanical properties, and grain characteristics are examined. The dynamic relationship between Schmid factor evolution and plastic deformation in this stainless steel alloy is unveiled through the analysis of grain statistics and individual grain scrutiny. It is revealed that LST initiates the formation of strain-induced α’-martensite, grain refinement, and substantial hardness enhancements. Notably, an α’-martensite crystalline size of 2.05 Å is induced by LST. Furthermore, a 12% increase in tensile strength is observed after LST along with an 11% boost in yield strength. However, reductions of 19% in elongation to fracture and 12% in the area reduction are experienced. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour)

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16 pages, 14099 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Applied Load and Sliding Distance on Wear Performance of AlSi7Mg0.6 Aluminum Alloy

by Haibo Zhang, Yingxin Zhao, Like Pan and Aiguo Zhao

Metals 2023, 13(9), 1628; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13091628 - 20 Sep 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1212

Abstract

The wear performance of AlSi7Mg0.6 aluminum alloy, a casting aluminum alloy used in positioning devices for catenary systems of high-speed railways which fail frequently on lines where the speed of trains is higher than 300 m/s, is discussed in this study. It was estimated that sliding contact wear occurred and mainly contributed to the failure. To explore the competing mechanism for frictional wear failure, frictional experiments based on three groups of sliding distance (0.5 mm, 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm) and four groups of applied loads (20 N, 50 N, 100 N and 200 N) were implemented. Three-dimensional morphological observation results revealed that the wear volumes at a sliding distance of 0.5 mm were only about 1/10 of that at a sliding distance of 3.0 mm. It was also revealed that the wear volume based on a sliding distance of 3.0 mm and applied load of 20 N was still much larger than the wear volume under a sliding distance of 0.5 mm and applied load of 200 N. SEM observation of the microstructures revealed that abrasive wear was the dominant wear mechanism in dry sliding friction conditions. A simplified positioning device model was also established to study the influence of tension force on wear performance. The simulation results revealed that smaller tension force between the positioning support and positioning hook would lead to higher relative sliding distance and larger wear depth. Sliding contact friction should be avoided due to relatively large wear efficiency compared with rolling contact friction. Both experimental and simulation results suggested that proper tension force was preferred in assembling components which could ensure rolling contact friction rather than sliding contact friction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour)

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15 pages, 7762 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microstructure and Wear Property of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Nickel-Based Composite Coating by Laser Cladding

by Bin Han, Ge Li, Zubin Chen and Guoguang Zhang

Metals 2022, 12(8), 1247; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12081247 - 25 Jul 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1688

Abstract

Nickel-based composite coatings containing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were prepared on Q235 steel using laser cladding. In order to retain the multilayer GNPs in the composite coatings after laser cladding, NiGNPs were prepared by electroless nickel plating on GNPs as the additive phase. All the coatings contain γ-(Ni, Fe), Cr₂₃C₆, Cr₇C₃, Fe₃C and WC phases, and multilayer GNPs were retained successfully in the composite coatings. With the addition of GNPs, the microstructure of the coatings was obviously refined and the content of Cr-C compounds were increased along with its changed morphology. The mean microhardness of the Ni-based composite coatings containing GNPs was significantly improved compared to that of Ni45 coating, and the maximum microhardness was 745.06 when 20% NiGNPs was added. The results indicated that, due to the refinement and lubricating effects of GNPs, the friction coefficients of composite coatings were reduced and the wear resistance was improved compared to Ni45 coating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface Treatment and Functionalization of Metal Materials: Electrochemical, Catalytic, Bioactivity, Corrosion and Wear Behaviour)

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