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Metals
Special Issues
Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials
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Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2020) | Viewed by 10803

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Renzo Valentini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
Interests: material characterization; materials; mechanical properties; mechanical behavior of materials; mechanical testing; stress analysis; metals; fracture mechanics; metallurgical engineering; deep drawing; failure analysis; corrosion testing; finite element method; plasticity; steelmaking; experimental mechanics; corrosion engineering; fractography; corrosion science; hydrogen diffusion; hydrogen embrittlement fatigue; fracture strength; creep

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hydrogen embrittlement is a widely diffused problem in a lot of industry sectors and material manufacturing: from the steelmaking to the stamping processes and from the oil and gas to the aerospace and automotive industries.

The mechanism of hydrogen action and its interaction with metallic crystals are still not clear and well known: a lot of theories are available today in the global scientific literature, but great efforts will have to be concentrated and focused on these issues in the near future.

With this in mind, the aim of this Special Issue is to update the state of the art of this important topic, with particular attention and focus on mechanical tests (such as slow strain rate tests, four-point bending tests, and innovative approach tests) coupled with measurement techniques able to define the critical concentration of the diffusible and trapped hydrogen causing material degradation.

The main topics for this Special Issue include the following:

  • Hydrogen embrittlement;
  • Stress corrosion cracking;
  • Hydrogen degradation;
  • Hydrogen-assisted cracking;
  • Hydrogen diffusion;
  • Hydrogen trapping;
  • Hydrogen effect on the plasticity and mechanical properties of the materials.

This Special Issue will accept the following:

  • Original research articles;
  • Technical reports.

Prof. Renzo Valentini
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metallic materials
  • steels
  • hydrogen embrittlement
  • hydrogen diffusion
  • mechanical tests
  • hydrogen degradation
  • diffusible hydrogen, welding

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 22380 KiB  
Article
Cathodic and Anodic Stress Corrosion Cracking of a New High-Strength CrNiMnMoN Austenitic Stainless Steel
by Mathias Truschner, Jacqueline Deutsch, Gregor Mori and Andreas Keplinger
Metals 2020, 10(11), 1541; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111541 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3160
Abstract
A new high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with excellent mechanical properties was tested for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The new conventional produced hybrid CrNiMnMoN stainless steel combines the excellent mechanical properties of CrMnN stainless steels with the good corrosion properties of CrNiMo [...] Read more.
A new high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel with excellent mechanical properties was tested for its resistance to stress corrosion cracking. The new conventional produced hybrid CrNiMnMoN stainless steel combines the excellent mechanical properties of CrMnN stainless steels with the good corrosion properties of CrNiMo stainless steels. Possible applications of such a high-strength material are wires in maritime environments. In principle, the material can come into direct contact with high chloride solutions as well as low pH containing media. The resistance against chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking was determined by slow strain rate tests and constant load tests in different chloride-containing solutions at elevated temperatures. Resistance to hydrogen-induced stress corrosion cracking was investigated by precharging and ongoing in-situ hydrogen charging in both slow strain rate test and constant load test. The hydrogen charging was carried out by cathodic charging in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution with addition of 1 g/L thiourea as corrosion inhibitor and recombination inhibitor to ensure hydrogen absorption with negligible corrosive attack. Slow strain rate tests only lead to hydrogen induced stress corrosion cracking by in-situ charging, which leads to total hydrogen contents of more than 10 wt.-ppm and not by precharging alone. Excellent resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking in 43 wt.% CaCl2 at 120 °C and in 5 wt.% NaCl buffered pH 3.5 solution at 80 °C is obtained for the investigated austenitic stainless steel. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials)
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14 pages, 5916 KiB  
Article
Effect of Surface Roughness on Hydrogen-Induced Blister Behavior in Pure Iron
by Xinfeng Li, Yao Wang, Weihong Huang, Jin Zhang and Xubin Wu
Metals 2020, 10(6), 745; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060745 - 3 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3662
Abstract
The effect of surface roughness on hydrogen-induced blister behavior in pure iron was explored using optical microscopy and microcomputerized tomography. Hydrogen was introduced into the samples by electrochemical precharging methods with various hydrogen charging times. It is found that grinded surface exhibits higher [...] Read more.
The effect of surface roughness on hydrogen-induced blister behavior in pure iron was explored using optical microscopy and microcomputerized tomography. Hydrogen was introduced into the samples by electrochemical precharging methods with various hydrogen charging times. It is found that grinded surface exhibits higher roughness and compressive residual stress compared to those of polished surface. With increasing hydrogen charging time, hydrogen-induced blister height, blister width and blister area fraction increase, regardless of the grinded surface and polished surface. Further, hydrogen blister height and width of grinded surface are comparative to polished surface under the same hydrogen charging time. However, the blister area fraction and the number of blister on polished surface are considerably higher than the grinded surface, indicating that polished surface is more susceptible to the formation of blisters than that of grinded surface, both of surface and interior of the samples. This is dominantly rationalized in terms of the suppression effect of hydrogen invasion in grinded surfaces due to their higher residual compressive stress and higher dislocation density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials)
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16 pages, 1646 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Samples Cleaning Methods Prior to Hydrogen Content Determination in Steel
by Borja Arroyo, Laura Andrea, José Alberto Álvarez, Sergio Cicero and Roberto Lacalle
Metals 2020, 10(6), 723; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060723 - 28 May 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3100
Abstract
There are multiple references to sample cleaning methods prior to hydrogen content determination, or hydrogen spectroscopy analysis, but there is still no unified criteria; different authors use their own “know-how” to perform this task. The aim of this paper is to solve, or [...] Read more.
There are multiple references to sample cleaning methods prior to hydrogen content determination, or hydrogen spectroscopy analysis, but there is still no unified criteria; different authors use their own “know-how” to perform this task. The aim of this paper is to solve, or at least clarify, this issue. In this work, the most commonly used sample cleaning methods are compared. Then, five different methodologies are applied on certified hydrogen content calibration pins and on high strength steel concrete-prestressing strands and the three main situations regarding hydrogen content in the microstructural net (non-charged, charged, and charged and uncharged) are studied. It was concluded that the HCl solution C-3.5 cleaning method recommended by ASTM G1 introduces large amounts of hydrogen in the samples; but can be useful for eliminating superficial oxides if necessary. The rest of the methods had similar results; but the more complete ones that involve ultrasounds and last longer than 8 min are not appropriated when important diffusion may occur on the samples during their application. Simple methods that involve acetone or trichloroethylene and last around 1 min are preferable for almost all situations as these are faster, easier, and cheaper. As a final recommendation, as trichloroethylene is toxic, the simple acetone method is, in general, the most convenient one for regular hydrogen content analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrogen Embrittlement of Metallic Materials)
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