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Metals
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Tool Steels
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Tool Steels

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2020) | Viewed by 14873

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Paolo Matteis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Applied Science and Technology, Turin Technical University (Politecnico di Torino), IT-10129 Turin (Torino), Italy
Interests: metallurgy; steels; aluminum alloys; microstructures; mechanical properties; heat treatments; failure analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ferrous tools have been fabricated from the very beginning of the iron age, and tools, including weapons, were, for millennia, the main applications of iron alloys.

However, the development of the main contemporary tool steel classes started in the second half of the 19th century, together with an earlier scientific understanding of the relationships among processing, microstructure and performance, and has continued ever since, greatly contributing to the progress of manufacturing technologies.

For a long time, the development of tool steels has been focused on strength, toughness and fatigue performance, at the relevant service temperatures, and, therefore, on steelmaking and forming technologies and on final heat treatments, which has allowed to achieve such performances. Furthermore, in more recent times, considerable efforts have been devoted to processing by means of powder metallurgy, surface modification, and additive manufacturing techniques.

In this Special Issue, we will seek to provide a set of articles on various aspects of tool steels, including both research papers and review papers, informing readers on the latest ongoing research and development activities, on the current state-of-the-art, and on prior history.

The Special Issue will seek to encompass (but will not be limited to) the following topics: elemental composition, including standard and innovative grades; production methods, including bulk steelmaking, powder metallurgy, and additive manufacturing; microstructures and their development, including phase equilibria and transformations, thermal stability, and heat treating; bulk mechanical performance, including strength, toughness, fracture mechanics, and fatigue behavior, at relevant service temperatures and loading rates; wear behavior; surface modification technologies, including thermo-chemical surface transformation techniques, PVD and CVD coating methods, and their performance; resistance to environmental degradation, including wet and hot corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, and interaction with liquid metals; economic, industrial and societal impact; and history.

Prof. Paolo Matteis
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Tool steels
  • Steelmaking
  • Powder metallurgy
  • Additive manufacturing
  • Mechanical performance
  • Fracture mechanics
  • Fatigue & thermal fatigue
  • Surface modification
  • Environmental degradation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 8279 KiB  
Article
Effect of Sub-Zero Treatment Temperatures on Hardness, Flexural Strength, and Fracture Toughness of Vanadis 6 Ledeburitic Die Steel
by Peter Jurči, Ivo Dlouhý, Petra Priknerová and Zdeněk Mrštný
Metals 2018, 8(12), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121047 - 11 Dec 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5060
Abstract
Any improvement on the service life of tools reduces the tooling costs, and assists to increase labor productivity by decreasing the needs for either the tools’ re-grinding or their replacement. This requires, among others, an enhancement of the key mechanical properties of the [...] Read more.
Any improvement on the service life of tools reduces the tooling costs, and assists to increase labor productivity by decreasing the needs for either the tools’ re-grinding or their replacement. This requires, among others, an enhancement of the key mechanical properties of the tool materials, by newer treatment route development. The current paper describes the impact of different heat treatment regimes, including austenitizing; sub-zero treatments; and tempering on the hardness, flexural strength, and toughness of tool steel, which is demonstrated upon Vanadis 6 steel. An improvement in the hardness due to the sub-zero treatment is reported, but it is also pointed out that both the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the material cannot be inevitably deteriorated by the application of this processing. Finally, it is demonstrated that both of these properties, despite their conflicting relationship, in most cases, can be improved simultaneously when the material is treated in the proper way. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tool Steels)
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11 pages, 5456 KiB  
Article
Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of AISI A8 Tool Steel
by Pello Jimbert, Maider Iturrondobeitia, Julen Ibarretxe and Roberto Fernandez-Martinez
Metals 2018, 8(12), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8121038 - 7 Dec 2018
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4325
Abstract
The effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear behavior of different tool steels have been widely reported in the scientific literature with uneven results. Some tool steels show a significant improvement in their wear resistance when they have been cryogenically treated [...] Read more.
The effects of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the wear behavior of different tool steels have been widely reported in the scientific literature with uneven results. Some tool steels show a significant improvement in their wear resistance when they have been cryogenically treated while others exhibit no relevant amelioration or even a reduction in their wear resistance. In this study, the influence of DCT was investigated for a grade that has been barely studied in the scientific literature, the AISI A8 air-hardening medium-alloy cold work tool steel. Several aspects were analyzed in the present work: the wear resistance of the alloy, the internal residual stress, and finally the secondary carbide precipitation in terms of lengths and occupied area and its distribution into the microstructure. The results revealed a reduction in the wear rate of about 14% when the AISI A8 was cryogenically treated before tempering. The number of carbides that precipitated into the microstructure was 6% higher for the cryogenically treated samples, increasing from 0.68% to 0.73% of the total area they covered. Furthermore, the distribution of the carbides into the microstructure was more homogenous for the cryogenically treated samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tool Steels)
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15 pages, 9393 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Parameters of Semi-Solid Processing on the Elimination of Sharp-Edged Primary Chromium Carbides from Tool Steel
by Hana Jirková, Kateřina Rubešová, Pavel Konopík and Kateřina Opatová
Metals 2018, 8(9), 713; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8090713 - 12 Sep 2018
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4446
Abstract
Although conventional tool steels have been heat treated on a routine basis for decades, the search continues for new ways to eliminate their troublesome sharp-edged primary chromium carbides, which impair toughness. One of the available techniques is semi-solid processing, which involves partial melting [...] Read more.
Although conventional tool steels have been heat treated on a routine basis for decades, the search continues for new ways to eliminate their troublesome sharp-edged primary chromium carbides, which impair toughness. One of the available techniques is semi-solid processing, which involves partial melting of the workpiece. The structure after semi-solid processing consisted of a austenite and carbide-austenite network. The network can be broken up and its fragments distributed uniformly by subsequent forming with appropriate parameters. In this experimental study, X210Cr12 tool steel was heated to a semi-solid state, and after cooling to a solid state, worked in a hydraulic press. Suitable soaking temperatures were sought within an interval between 1200 °C and 1280 °C. The workpieces were quenched from the forming temperature in water or oil. In order to improve formability and reduce hardness, tempering was tested as well. Additional experimental regimes included conventional quenching and tempering. Once the appropriate parameters were chosen, the elimination of primary chromium carbides was successful. The resultant microstructures were fine and consisted of M-A constituent with a size of approximately 1 μm, and very fine Fe3C and Cr7C3 carbides. The hardness was in excess of 800 HV10. They were examined using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The carbides were characterized on transparent foils in a transmission electron microscope. Mechanical characteristics were determined in micro-tensile tests. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tool Steels)
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