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Micromachines
Special Issues
Flexible and Hybrid Flexible Organic Chemical and Biosensor Systems
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Flexible and Hybrid Flexible Organic Chemical and Biosensor Systems

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2024) | Viewed by 12298

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ravi Prakash

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electronics Engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
Interests: organic electrolyte gated FET biosensors; soft-printed devices; point-of-care diagnostics; OTFTs for chemical and biological sensing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The world of organic sensors has evolved with the sustained research and discovery of novel pristine and composite organic conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics. This has led to an influx in technological advancements in discrete as well as integrated sensory systems built solely, or predominantly, out of such soft materials. Many of the reported works in this domain have focused on biosensing, chemical sensing, and wearables for health-monitoring applications. In the past decade, these technologies have scientifically matured to a level where they have been effectively demonstrated in flexible and hybrid flexible forms with integrated sample handling and signal analysis, propelling them towards real-world implementations. This Special Issue will include papers and review papers which showcase the various emerging techniques implemented in flexible and hybrid flexible organic chemical and biosensor systems. 

We look forward to receiving your submissions. 

Best regards,
Dr. Ravi Prakash
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • organic-FETs and organic-TFTs
  • bio-functional transistors
  • bioelectronics
  • flexible integration
  • hybrid flexible assembly
  • chemical and biological sensors

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2774 KiB  
Article
A Surface Imprinted Polymer EIS Sensor for Detecting Alpha-Synuclein, a Parkinson’s Disease Biomarker
by Roslyn Simone Massey, Rishabh Ramesh Appadurai and Ravi Prakash
Micromachines 2024, 15(2), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15020273 - 15 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, causing loss of motor function and, in some instances, cognitive decline and dementia in those affected. The quality of life can be improved, and disease progression delayed through early interventions. However, current methods of confirming [...] Read more.
Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, causing loss of motor function and, in some instances, cognitive decline and dementia in those affected. The quality of life can be improved, and disease progression delayed through early interventions. However, current methods of confirming a PD diagnosis are extremely invasive. This prevents their use as a screening tool for the early onset stages of PD. We propose a surface imprinted polymer (SIP) electroimpedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensor for detecting α-Synuclein (αSyn) and its aggregates, a biomarker that appears in saliva and blood during the early stages of PD as the blood-brain barrier degrades. The surface imprinted polymer stamp is fabricated by low-temperature melt stamping polycaprolactone (PCL) on interdigitated EIS electrodes. The result is a low-cost, small-footprint biosensor that is highly suitable for non-invasive monitoring of the disease biomarker. The sensors were tested with αSyn dilutions in deionized water and in constant ionic concentration matrix solutions with decreasing concentrations of αSyn to remove the background effects of concentration. The device response confirmed the specificity of these devices to the target protein of monomeric αSyn. The sensor limit of detection was measured to be 5 pg/L, and its linear detection range was 5 pg/L–5 µg/L. This covers the physiological range of αSyn in saliva and makes this a highly promising method of quantifying αSyn monomers for PD patients in the future. The SIP surface was regenerated, and the sensor was reused to demonstrate its capability for repeat sensing as a potential continuous monitoring tool for the disease biomarker. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Hybrid Flexible Organic Chemical and Biosensor Systems)
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12 pages, 2303 KiB  
Article
Fenpicoxamid-Imprinted Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Sensor Based on Sulfur-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride and Its Application to Rice Samples
by Şule Yıldırım Akıcı, Bahar Bankoğlu Yola, Betül Karslıoğlu, İlknur Polat, Necip Atar and Mehmet Lütfi Yola
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010006 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1250
Abstract
This research attempt involved the development and utilization of a newly designed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor which incorporated sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) as the molecular imprinting material. The primary objective was to employ this sensor for the [...] Read more.
This research attempt involved the development and utilization of a newly designed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor which incorporated sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (S-g-C3N4) as the molecular imprinting material. The primary objective was to employ this sensor for the quantitative analysis of Fenpicoxamid (FEN) in rice samples. The synthesis of S-g-C3N4 with excellent purity was achieved using the thermal poly-condensation approach, which adheres to the principles of green chemistry. Afterwards, UV polymerization was utilized to fabricate a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip imprinted with FEN, employing S-g-C3N4 as the substrate material. This process involved the inclusion of N,N′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linker, methacryloylamidoglutamic acid (MAGA) as the monomer, and FEN as the analyte. After successful structural analysis investigations on a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip utilizing S-g-C3N4, which was imprinted with FEN, a comprehensive investigation was conducted using spectroscopic, microscopic, and electrochemical techniques. Subsequently, the kinetic analysis applications, namely the determination of the limit of quantification (LOQ) and the limit of detection (LOD), were carried out. For analytical results, the linearity of the FEN-imprinted SPR chip based on S-g-C3N4 was determined as 1.0–10.0 ng L−1 FEN, and LOQ and LOD values were obtained as 1.0 ng L−1 and 0.30 ng L−1, respectively. Finally, the prepared SPR sensor’s high selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and stability will ensure safe food consumption worldwide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Hybrid Flexible Organic Chemical and Biosensor Systems)
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12 pages, 18912 KiB  
Article
Detection of Counterfeit Perfumes by Using GC-MS Technique and Electronic Nose System Combined with Chemometric Tools
by Youssra Aghoutane, Mihai Brebu, Mohammed Moufid, Radu Ionescu, Benachir Bouchikhi and Nezha El Bari
Micromachines 2023, 14(3), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030524 - 24 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4129
Abstract
The Scientific Committee on Cosmetic and Non-Food Products has identified 26 compounds that may cause contact allergy in consumers when present in concentrations above certain legal thresholds in a product. Twenty-four of these compounds are volatiles and can be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass [...] Read more.
The Scientific Committee on Cosmetic and Non-Food Products has identified 26 compounds that may cause contact allergy in consumers when present in concentrations above certain legal thresholds in a product. Twenty-four of these compounds are volatiles and can be analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or electronic nose (e-nose) technologies. This manuscript first describes the use of the GC-MS approach to identify the main volatile compounds present in the original perfumes and their counterfeit samples. The second part of this work focusses on the ability of an e-nose system to discriminate between the original fragrances and their counterfeits. The analyses were carried out using the headspace of the aqueous solutions. GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 10 allergens in the perfume samples, some of which were only found in the imitated fragrances. The e-nose system achieved a fair discrimination between most of the fragrances analyzed, with the counterfeit fragrances being clearly separated from the original perfumes. It is shown that associating the e-nose system to the appropriate classifier successfully solved the classification task. With Principal Component Analysis (PCA), the three first principal components represented 98.09% of the information in the database. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Hybrid Flexible Organic Chemical and Biosensor Systems)
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Review

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22 pages, 3064 KiB  
Review
A Review of Recent Innovations in Remote Health Monitoring
by Ahmed Hany Dalloul, Farshad Miramirkhani and Lida Kouhalvandi
Micromachines 2023, 14(12), 2157; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14122157 - 26 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4749
Abstract
The development of remote health monitoring systems has focused on enhancing healthcare services’ efficiency and quality, particularly in chronic disease management and elderly care. These systems employ a range of sensors and wearable devices to track patients’ health status and offer real-time feedback [...] Read more.
The development of remote health monitoring systems has focused on enhancing healthcare services’ efficiency and quality, particularly in chronic disease management and elderly care. These systems employ a range of sensors and wearable devices to track patients’ health status and offer real-time feedback to healthcare providers. This facilitates prompt interventions and reduces hospitalization rates. The aim of this study is to explore the latest developments in the realm of remote health monitoring systems. In this paper, we explore a wide range of domains, spanning antenna designs, small implantable antennas, on-body wearable solutions, and adaptable detection and imaging systems. Our research also delves into the methodological approaches used in monitoring systems, including the analysis of channel characteristics, advancements in wireless capsule endoscopy, and insightful investigations into sensing and imaging techniques. These advancements hold the potential to improve the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring, ultimately contributing to enhanced health outcomes for patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Flexible and Hybrid Flexible Organic Chemical and Biosensor Systems)
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