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Micromachines
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State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors
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State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B1: Biosensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 21630

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Adil Denizli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
Interests: biosensors; biomolecules detection and purification; molecular imprinting method; micro- and nano-size polymers; chromatographic methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yeşeren Saylan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
Interests: molecularly imprinted polymers; optic sensors; biomolecules detection; microfluidics; chromatographic methods
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biosensors have impacted the vast majority of tools in clinical diagnostics, food safety, environmental pollution control, and early warning systems. They are swiftly becoming part of daily life. Recent advances in biosensors with emerging several modalities and distant but supplementary fields including artificial intelligence and the Internet of things have hurdled the vast majority of challenges in the daily monitoring of conditions, as well as their treatment status. Further integration of biosensors with different molecules has paved the way for their integration into daily life, leveraging the current status of management by allowing efficient and ubiquitous monitoring of the various conditions. This Special Issue, State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors, will cover the recent advances in optic biosensors and their applications in clinical diagnostics, food safety, environmental pollution control, and so on.

Prof. Dr. Adil Denizli
Dr. Yeşeren Saylan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biosensors design
  • biosensors characterization
  • optic biosensors
  • clinical diagnostics
  • food safety
  • environmental pollution control

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2794 KiB  
Article
A Novel NanoMIP–SPR Sensor for the Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
by Kadir Erol, Gauri Hasabnis and Zeynep Altintas
Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 1086; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14051086 - 21 May 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2718
Abstract
Simple, fast, selective, and reliable detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is of utmost importance in the early diagnosis of breast cancer to prevent its high prevalence and mortality. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), also known as artificial antibodies, have recently [...] Read more.
Simple, fast, selective, and reliable detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is of utmost importance in the early diagnosis of breast cancer to prevent its high prevalence and mortality. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), also known as artificial antibodies, have recently been used as a specific tool in cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this study, a miniaturized surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensor was developed using epitope-mediated HER2-nanoMIPs. The nanoMIP receptors were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and fluorescent microscopy. The average size of the nanoMIPs was determined to be 67.5 ± 12.5 nm. The proposed novel SPR sensor provided superior selectivity to HER2 with a detection limit (LOD) of 11.6 pg mL−1 in human serum. The high specificity of the sensor was confirmed by cross-reactivity studies using P53, human serum albumin (HSA), transferrin, and glucose. The sensor preparation steps were successfully characterized by employing cyclic and square wave voltammetry. The nanoMIP–SPR sensor demonstrates great potential for use in the early diagnosis of breast cancer as a robust tool with high sensitivity, selectivity, and specificity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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11 pages, 5251 KiB  
Article
High-Figure-of-Merit Biosensing and Enhanced Excitonic Absorption in an MoS2-Integrated Dielectric Metasurface
by Hodjat Hajian, Ivan D. Rukhlenko, A. Louise Bradley and Ekmel Ozbay
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 370; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020370 - 1 Feb 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2661
Abstract
Among the transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered an outstanding candidate for biosensing applications due to its high absorptivity and amenability to ionic current measurements. Dielectric metasurfaces have also emerged as a powerful platform for novel optical biosensing [...] Read more.
Among the transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is considered an outstanding candidate for biosensing applications due to its high absorptivity and amenability to ionic current measurements. Dielectric metasurfaces have also emerged as a powerful platform for novel optical biosensing due to their low optical losses and strong near-field enhancements. Once functionalized with TMDCs, dielectric metasurfaces can also provide strong photon–exciton interactions. Here, we theoretically integrated a single layer of MoS2 into a CMOS-compatible asymmetric dielectric metasurface composed of TiO2 meta-atoms with a broken in-plane inversion symmetry on an SiO2 substrate. We numerically show that the designed MoS2-integrated metasurface can function as a high-figure-of-merit (FoM=137.5 RIU−1) van der Waals-based biosensor due to the support of quasi-bound states in the continuum. Moreover, owing to the critical coupling of the magnetic dipole resonances of the metasurface and the A exciton of the single layer of MoS2, one can achieve a 55% enhanced excitonic absorption by this two-port system. Therefore, the proposed design can function as an effective biosensor and is also practical for enhanced excitonic absorption and emission applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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12 pages, 3210 KiB  
Article
A Flexible Terahertz Metamaterial Biosensor for Cancer Cell Growth and Migration Detection
by Weihao Fang, Xiaoqing Lv, Zhengtai Ma, Jian Liu, Weihua Pei and Zhaoxin Geng
Micromachines 2022, 13(4), 631; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13040631 - 16 Apr 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3668
Abstract
Metamaterial biosensors have been extensively used to identify cell types and detect concentrations of tumor biomarkers. However, the methods for in situ and non-destruction measurement of cell migration, which plays a key role in tumor progression and metastasis, are highly desirable. Therefore, a [...] Read more.
Metamaterial biosensors have been extensively used to identify cell types and detect concentrations of tumor biomarkers. However, the methods for in situ and non-destruction measurement of cell migration, which plays a key role in tumor progression and metastasis, are highly desirable. Therefore, a flexible terahertz metamaterial biosensor based on parylene C substrate was proposed for label-free and non-destructive detection of breast cancer cell growth and migration. The maximum resonance peak frequency shift achieved 183.2 GHz when breast cancer cell MDA−MB−231 was cultured onto the surface of the metamaterial biosensor for 72 h. A designed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) barrier sheet was applied to detect the cell growth rate which was quantified as 14.9 µm/h. The experimental peak shift expressed a linear relationship with the covered area and a quadratic relationship with the distance, which was consistent with simulation results. Additionally, the cell migration indicated that the transform growth factor-β (TGF-β) promoted the cancer cell migration. The terahertz metamaterial biosensor shows great potential for the investigation of cell biology in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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Review

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26 pages, 2258 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Optical Sensing for the Detection of Microbial Contaminants
by Neslihan Idil, Sevgi Aslıyüce, Işık Perçin and Bo Mattiasson
Micromachines 2023, 14(9), 1668; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14091668 - 26 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2273
Abstract
Microbial contaminants are responsible for several infectious diseases, and they have been introduced as important potential food- and water-borne risk factors. They become a global burden due to their health and safety threats. In addition, their tendency to undergo mutations that result in [...] Read more.
Microbial contaminants are responsible for several infectious diseases, and they have been introduced as important potential food- and water-borne risk factors. They become a global burden due to their health and safety threats. In addition, their tendency to undergo mutations that result in antimicrobial resistance makes them difficult to treat. In this respect, rapid and reliable detection of microbial contaminants carries great significance, and this research area is explored as a rich subject within a dynamic state. Optical sensing serving as analytical devices enables simple usage, low-cost, rapid, and sensitive detection with the advantage of their miniaturization. From the point of view of microbial contaminants, on-site detection plays a crucial role, and portable, easy-applicable, and effective point-of-care (POC) devices offer high specificity and sensitivity. They serve as advanced on-site detection tools and are pioneers in next-generation sensing platforms. In this review, recent trends and advances in optical sensing to detect microbial contaminants were mainly discussed. The most innovative and popular optical sensing approaches were highlighted, and different optical sensing methodologies were explained by emphasizing their advantages and limitations. Consequently, the challenges and future perspectives were considered. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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17 pages, 675 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on Optical Biosensors Developed for Nucleic Acid Detection Related to Infectious Viral Diseases
by Ece Eksin and Arzum Erdem
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 295; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020295 - 23 Jan 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3375
Abstract
Optical biosensors have many advantages over traditional analytical methods. They enable the identification of several biological and chemical compounds directly, instantly, and without the need of labels. Their benefits include excellent specificity, sensitivity, compact size, and low cost. In this review, the main [...] Read more.
Optical biosensors have many advantages over traditional analytical methods. They enable the identification of several biological and chemical compounds directly, instantly, and without the need of labels. Their benefits include excellent specificity, sensitivity, compact size, and low cost. In this review, the main focus is placed on the nucleic acid-based optical biosensor technologies, including colorimetric, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), Evanescent-Wave Optical, Fiber optic and bioluminescent optical fibre. The fundamentals of each type of biosensor are briefly explained, and particular emphasis has been placed on the achievements which have been gained in the last decade on the field of diagnosis of infectious viral diseases. Concluding remarks concerning the perspectives of further developments are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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14 pages, 3583 KiB  
Review
Highly-Sensitive, Label-Free Detection of Microorganisms and Viruses via Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor
by Monireh Bakhshpour-Yucel, Sinem Diken Gür, Elif Seymour, Mete Aslan, Nese Lortlar Ünlü and M. Selim Ünlü
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020281 - 21 Jan 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1904
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses can easily transfer from one host to another and cause disease in humans. The determination of these pathogens in a time- and cost-effective way is an extreme challenge for researchers. Rapid and label-free detection of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses [...] Read more.
Pathogenic microorganisms and viruses can easily transfer from one host to another and cause disease in humans. The determination of these pathogens in a time- and cost-effective way is an extreme challenge for researchers. Rapid and label-free detection of pathogenic microorganisms and viruses is critical in ensuring rapid and appropriate treatment. Sensor technologies have shown considerable advancements in viral diagnostics, demonstrating their great potential for being fast and sensitive detection platforms. In this review, we present a summary of the use of an interferometric reflectance imaging sensor (IRIS) for the detection of microorganisms. We highlight low magnification modality of IRIS as an ensemble biomolecular mass measurement technique and high magnification modality for the digital detection of individual nanoparticles and viruses. We discuss the two different modalities of IRIS and their applications in the sensitive detection of microorganisms and viruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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17 pages, 2084 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances of Optical Sensors for Copper Ion Detection
by Zeynep Gerdan, Yeşeren Saylan and Adil Denizli
Micromachines 2022, 13(8), 1298; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13081298 - 11 Aug 2022
Cited by 55 | Viewed by 3777
Abstract
A trace element copper (Cu2+) ion is the third most plentiful metal ion that necessary for all living organisms and playing a critical role in several processes. Nonetheless, according to cellular needs, deficient or excess Cu2+ ion cause various diseases. [...] Read more.
A trace element copper (Cu2+) ion is the third most plentiful metal ion that necessary for all living organisms and playing a critical role in several processes. Nonetheless, according to cellular needs, deficient or excess Cu2+ ion cause various diseases. For all these reasons, optical sensors have been focused rapid Cu2+ ion detection in real-time with high selectivity and sensitivity. Optical sensors can measure fluorescence in the refractive index—adsorption from the relationships between light and matter. They have gained great attention in recent years due to the excellent advantages of simple and naked eye recognition, real-time detection, low cost, high specificity against analytes, a quick response, and the need for less complex equipment in analysis. This review aims to show the significance of Cu2+ ion detection and electively current trends in optical sensors. The integration of optical sensors with different systems, such as microfluidic systems, is mentioned, and their latest studies in medical and environmental applications also are depicted. Conclusions and future perspectives on these advances is added at the end of the review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Optical Biosensors)
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