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Micromachines
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Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Biomedical Devices
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Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Biomedical Devices

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "B：Biology and Biomedicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 10854

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sadeque Reza Khan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Sensors, Signals and Systems, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
Interests: wireless power transfer; medical devices; embedded systems; IC designing
Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electronics Engineering Department, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: antennas and wave-propagations; array antennas; metamaterials and metasurfaces; synthetic aperture radars (SAR); multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems; waveguide slotted antenna arrays; substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs); antenna impedance matching networks; filters; on-chip antennas; microwave; millimeter-waves and terahertz applications; terahertz integrated circuits; and electromagnetic compatibilities
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wireless biomedical devices for health monitoring, syndrome detection, disease prevention, drug delivery and prosthetic limb applications have attracted significant attention over the last decade. However, the power requirement is the major constraint for the implementation of such devices. Packaged batteries are the traditional power source for these devices. This source of power is limited by the size and the lifetime of the battery, which are the significant parameters for biomedical implants. In addition, battery leakage can present a serious health hazard. Similarly, transdermal or percutaneous wiring is inconvenient due to its bulky size and risk of infection. Therefore, wireless power transfer (WPT) technology has recently emerged as an alternative source of batteries and wired power supply for biomedical devices such as pacemakers, retinal implants and neurostimulators. However, the power requirement of some of these devices is a major challenge.

In the last decade, extensive research work has been conducted to establish WPT as a standard power supply technique for biomedical devices. However, significant issues still need to be addressed before WPT can be implemented as a standalone charging solution. This Special Issue aims to present novel findings on design analysis and implementation of WPT for biomedical devices. 

This Special Issue is focused on, but not limited to, the following topics:

  1. Theoretical analysis of WPT techniques for biomedical devices;
  2. Necessary electromagnetic theory;
  3. Design and implementation of WPT coils and antennas;
  4. Measurement and safety analysis of WPT for biomedical application;
  5. Power management electronics for WPT;
  6. Simulation of WPT for biomedical devices;
  7. WPT efficiency analysis;
  8. Power electronics and batteries;
  9. Near field, mid field and far field;
  10. Wireless data transfer;
  11. Tissue safety analysis;
  12. Energy harvesting;
  13. Antenna and wave propagation;
  14. RFID.

Dr. Sadeque Reza Khan
Dr. Mohammad Alibakhshikenari
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Micromachines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 11420 KiB  
Article
Multi-Modal Portable Respiratory Rate Monitoring Device for Childhood Pneumonia Detection
by Sadeque Reza Khan, Xiaohan Wang, Tiantao Jiang, Wei Ju, Norbert Radacsi, Muhammad Abdul Kadir, Khondkar Siddique-e Rabbani, Steve Cunningham and Srinjoy Mitra
Micromachines 2023, 14(4), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14040708 - 23 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3040
Abstract
Accurate assessment of Respiratory Rate (RR) is the most important mechanism in detecting pneumonia in low-resource settings. Pneumonia is a disease with one of the highest mortality rates among young children under five. However, the diagnosis of pneumonia for infants remains challenging, especially [...] Read more.
Accurate assessment of Respiratory Rate (RR) is the most important mechanism in detecting pneumonia in low-resource settings. Pneumonia is a disease with one of the highest mortality rates among young children under five. However, the diagnosis of pneumonia for infants remains challenging, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). In such situations, RR is most often measured manually with visual inspection. Accurate RR measurement requires the child to remain calm without any stress for a few minutes. The difficulty in achieving this with a sick child in a clinical environment can result in errors and misdiagnosis, even more so when the child is crying and non-cooperating around unfamiliar adults. Therefore, we propose an automated novel RR monitoring device built with textile glove and dry electrodes which can make use of the relaxed posture when the child is resting on the carer’s lap. This portable system is non-invasive and made with affordable instrumentation integrated on customized textile glove. The glove has multi-modal automated RR detection mechanism that simultaneously uses bio-impedance and accelerometer data. This novel textile glove with dry electrodes can easily be worn by a parent/carer and is washable. The real-time display on a mobile app shows the raw data and the RR value, allowing a healthcare professional to monitor the results from afar. The prototype device has been tested on 10 volunteers with age variation of 3 years to 33 years, including male and female. The maximum variation of measured RR with the proposed system is ±2 compared to the traditional manual counting method. It does not create any discomfort for either the child or the carer and can be used up to 60 to 70 sessions/day before recharging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Biomedical Devices)
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12 pages, 4263 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Assembly Techniques for Sub-mm Battery-Free Epicortical Implants
by Adam Khalifa, Mehdi Nasrollahpour, Ali Nezaratizadeh, Xiao Sha, Milutin Stanaćević, Nian X. Sun and Sydney S. Cash
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 476; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020476 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2358
Abstract
Over the past three decades, we have seen significant advances in the field of wireless implantable medical devices (IMDs) that can interact with the nervous system. To further improve the stability, safety, and distribution of these interfaces, a new class of implantable devices [...] Read more.
Over the past three decades, we have seen significant advances in the field of wireless implantable medical devices (IMDs) that can interact with the nervous system. To further improve the stability, safety, and distribution of these interfaces, a new class of implantable devices is being developed: single-channel, sub-mm scale, and wireless microelectronic devices. In this research, we describe a new and simple technique for fabricating and assembling a sub-mm, wirelessly powered stimulating implant. The implant consists of an ASIC measuring 900 × 450 × 80 µm3, two PEDOT-coated microelectrodes, an SMD inductor, and a SU-8 coating. The microelectrodes and SMD are directly mounted onto the ASIC. The ultra-small device is powered using electromagnetic (EM) waves in the near-field using a two-coil inductive link and demonstrates a maximum achievable power transfer efficiency (PTE) of 0.17% in the air with a coil separation of 0.5 cm. In vivo experiments conducted on an anesthetized rat verified the efficiency of stimulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Biomedical Devices)
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Review

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29 pages, 12657 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of In-Body Biomedical Antennas: Design, Challenges and Applications
by Khaled Aliqab, Iram Nadeem and Sadeque Reza Khan
Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071472 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4583
Abstract
In-body biomedical devices (IBBDs) are receiving significant attention in the discovery of solutions to complex medical conditions. Biomedical devices, which can be ingested, injected or implanted in the human body, have made it viable to screen the physiological signs of a patient wirelessly, [...] Read more.
In-body biomedical devices (IBBDs) are receiving significant attention in the discovery of solutions to complex medical conditions. Biomedical devices, which can be ingested, injected or implanted in the human body, have made it viable to screen the physiological signs of a patient wirelessly, without regular hospital appointments and routine check-ups, where the antenna is a mandatory element for transferring bio-data from the IBBDs to the external world. However, the design of an in-body antenna is challenging due to the dispersion of the dielectric constant of the tissues and unpredictability of the organ structures of the human body, which can absorb most of the antenna radiation. Therefore, various factors must be considered for an in-body antenna, such as miniaturization, link budget, patient safety, biocompatibility, low power consumption and the ability to work effectively within acceptable medical frequency bands. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the major facets associated with the design and challenges of in-body antennas. The review comprises surveying the design specifications and implementation methodology, simulation software and testing of in-body biomedical antennas. This work aims to summarize the recent in-body antenna innovations for biomedical applications and indicates the key research challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Biomedical Devices)
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