Miniaturized Electronic Devices for Medical Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E:Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 May 2021) | Viewed by 7848

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Federal Office of Communications (OFCOM), Rue de l’Avenir 44, CH-2501 Bienne, Switzerland
2. School of Engineering STI, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Interests: semiconductor physics; sensors; electronic devices, medical implants
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Important requests from both hospital and patients coupled with an economical need for shorter hospital stay and easier aftercare have made the miniaturization of medical devices a recent priority. Electronics had to follow suit and improve in order to cope with this increasing demand. Diagnosis, monitoring and surgical equipment had to be portable, small and light, with more functionalities in order to facilitate the task of medical doctors as well as to provide reliable results for patients.

New semiconductor technologies such as complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and optimization of microprocessors, displays, and storage units have all contributed to enhanced miniaturization capabilities. Today, medical chips are mainly digital and do not require heavy old circuitry with voluminous power supply units, like they did in the past. The new miniaturized devices consist of energy-efficient modules with efficient electrical current consumption.

In the path of miniaturization, devices such as pacemakers, cochlear implants, insulin pens, swallowable cameras (pill cameras), handheld and mobile imaging systems, surgical robotics,  laparoscopic cameras, probes, sensors, and other in vitro diagnostics tools could all be made significantly smaller while keeping or improving their existing performances. Recent advances on lab-on-a-chip (LOC) have offered the possibility to have laboratory functions on a millimeter-sized integrated circuit with fluid levels as low as pL for efficient screening.

In this Special Issue, we invite you to contribute papers with novel original research dealing with miniaturized medical devices that serve well-defined purposes in various applications. We welcome works on any of the subjects listed above and other broader topics in this category, with an emphasis on the miniaturization of electronics and circuitry, technologically informed choice, as well as patient or doctor experience improvements, clinical trials or any other advances in software and hardware pertaining to such medical devices in diminutive scale.

Dr. Maria-Alexandra Paun
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • miniaturized medical device
  • diagnosis
  • monitoring
  • surgical
  • technology
  • circuitry
  • patient experience
  • clinical trial

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5820 KiB  
Article
Biocompatible MXene (Ti3C2Tx) Immobilized with Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide as an Electrochemical Transducer for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines
by Ramila D. Nagarajan, Preethika Murugan, Kanagaraj Palaniyandi, Raji Atchudan and Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
Micromachines 2021, 12(8), 862; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12080862 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3294
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a coenzyme and acts as a redox cofactor in metabolic process. Owing to such problems as poor electron transfer properties, unfavorable adsorption, and lack of stability on rigid electrodes, the bio-electrochemical applications of FAD have been limited. Herein, [...] Read more.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a coenzyme and acts as a redox cofactor in metabolic process. Owing to such problems as poor electron transfer properties, unfavorable adsorption, and lack of stability on rigid electrodes, the bio-electrochemical applications of FAD have been limited. Herein, a novel fabrication method was developed for the immobilization process using 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx), which enhanced the redox property of FAD and improved the electro-catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral medium. The FAD-immobilized Ti3C2Tx electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx) was studied by UV-Visible and Raman spectroscopies, which confirmed the successful adsorption of FAD on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of Ti3C2Tx were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The redox property of the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified glassy carbon electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE) was highly dependent on pH and exhibited a stable redox peak at −0.455 V in neutral medium. Higher amounts of FAD molecules were loaded onto the 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-modified electrode, which was two times higher than the values in the reported work, and the surface coverage (ᴦFAD) was 0.8 × 10−10 mol/cm2. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified sensor showed the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 at −0.47 V, which was 130 mV lower than the bare electrode. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE sensor showed a linear detection of H2O2 from 5 nM to 2 µM. The optimization of FAD deposition, amount of Ti3C2Tx loading, effect of pH and the interference study with common biochemicals such as glucose, lactose, dopamine (DA), potassium chloride (KCl), ascorbic acid (AA), amino acids, uric acid (UA), oxalic acid (OA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and acetaminophen (PA) have been carried out. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE showed high selectivity and reproducibility. Finally, the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified electrode was successfully applied to detect H2O2 in ovarian cancer cell lines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Miniaturized Electronic Devices for Medical Applications)
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22 pages, 8077 KiB  
Article
Electrical Signal Modeling in Cochlear Implants. Study of Temperature and Humidity Effects
by Maria-Alexandra Paun, Vladimir-Alexandru Paun and Viorel-Puiu Paun
Micromachines 2021, 12(7), 785; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12070785 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3423
Abstract
The present paper discusses the climatic effects of humidity and temperature on cochlear implant functioning and the quality of the electrical sound signal. MATLAB Simulink simulations were prepared, offering insights into signal behavior under such climatic parameter changes. A simulation setup of the [...] Read more.
The present paper discusses the climatic effects of humidity and temperature on cochlear implant functioning and the quality of the electrical sound signal. MATLAB Simulink simulations were prepared, offering insights into signal behavior under such climatic parameter changes. A simulation setup of the cochlear implant was developed, where a source type selection was used to change between a voice recording and a “chirp” sound. In addition, a DC blocking filter was applied to the input signal. A simulation code, with the application of the climatic influence via the air attenuation function, was developed. Thereby, the attenuation of temperature and humidity in the sound atmospheric circulation of the input signal, at T = 0 °C and RH = 0% and at T = 36 °C and RH = 40% was graphically represented. The results of the electrical pulse generator for each of the eight channels, with the IIR filter, Gaussian noise, temperature variation, humidity influence, and control of denoise block activity, were thus obtained. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Miniaturized Electronic Devices for Medical Applications)
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